Global Melbourne: A City of Diversity. International migration trends Globalisation and Cities Research Program

Transcription

1 Globalisation and Cities Research Program Global Melbourne: A City of Diversity International migration trends A research collaboration between the University of Canberra and the Commonwealth Department of Immigration and Border Protection February 2014

2 Contents: Key Findings... 1 Overview... 2 International Migrants to Greater Melbourne between 2006 and New International Migrants Leading Countries of Origin... 3 New International Migrants Leading Destinations in Greater Melbourne... 4 Spatial Distribution of International Migrants from India... 6 Spatial Distribution of International Migrants from China... 7 Spatial Distribution of International Migrants from New Zealand... 8 Spatial Distribution of International Migrants from England... 9 Spatial Distribution of Returning Australians Spatial distribution comparison of international migrants born in England, New Zealand and Australia New International Skilled Migrants - Leading Source Countries Researchers from the ANZSOG Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra, and the Commonwealth Department of Immigration and Border Protection, are embarking on a range of projects to better understand people movement to Australian cities in the context of contemporary globalisation. This report is the second in our series on the Melbourne region, and focuses on new residents who arrived from overseas between 2006 and For more information about our collaboration please visit our website:

3 Key Findings Greater Melbourne attracted 287,365 international migrants between 2006 and Of all Australian major cities, only metropolitan Sydney (302,984) attracted a greater number of Australia-bound international migrants than Melbourne in that period. India (47,869) was the most common country of birth for international migrants who arrived in Melbourne between 2006 and It was followed by China, Australian-born people returning from overseas, and New Zealand. Other top ten sources of new international migrants to greater Melbourne included England, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam and Indonesia. Melbourne City (24,275) was the most common settlement destination for international migrants to greater Melbourne between 2006 and It was followed by Monash, Dandenong, Wyndham, and Brimbank. Indian migrants were primarily concentrated in Melbourne s south east, and west. Dandenong was the most common location for recent Indian-born migrants, followed by Brimbank and Wyndham. Newly-arrived Chinese-born migrants tended to settle in Melbourne s inner east, southeast and inner city areas. New Zealand born migrants between 2006 and 2011 primarily settled in Wyndham (1,701), Melbourne City and Port Phillip. There was a strong correlation (coefficient of 0.7) between where newly-arrived English-born and Australian-born international migrants settled in greater Melbourne between 2006 and India (22,903) also provided the largest number of new international migrants to Melbourne with high-level skills (such as university qualifications). It was followed by Australia, China, England and New Zealand. Melbourne City (10,971) was also the most common settlement destination for skilled international migrants (with university qualifications) to greater Melbourne between 2006 and It was followed by Monash, Port Phillip and Boroondara. The highest contributions of skilled migrants relative to overall migrants came from Colombia (60.9%), followed by Bangladesh. Returning Australians (49.6%) were ranked 8 th on this measure, Indian-born migrants 10th. 1 P a g e

4 Overview This report analyses migration trends in the greater Melbourne region using spatial units defined in the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2011, which was used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) in the 2011 Census. It divides the greater Melbourne region (which is described in ASGS as the Melbourne Greater Capital City Statistical Area (GCCSA)) into 9 areas known as Statistical Area Level 4 (SA4s), as shown in the ASGS map below: Figure 1: SA4s in the greater Melbourne region. (Source: ABS, 2011) These nine SA4s are further broken down into a total of 40 areas known as Statistical Area Level 3 (SA3s). The ASGS map below shows how the Melbourne Inner SA4 is broken down into seven SA3s: Figure 2: SA3s in Inner Melbourne SA4. This shows how each SA4 across the Melbourne region is the sum of a number of SA3s. (Source: ABS, 2011) 2 P a g e

5 International Migrants to Greater Melbourne between 2006 and 2011 This report focuses on new international migration to the greater Melbourne region in terms of country of origin (by birth), the spatial distribution of Melbourne s largest new migrant groups, and skilled migration. This has been undertaken at the SA3 and SA4 spatial scales, to give a greater understanding of where the 287,365 newly-arrived international migrants, who settled in the greater Melbourne region between 2006 and 2011, chose to live. New International Migrants Leading Countries of Origin India was the greater Melbourne region s largest source of new international migration. Between 2006 and 2011 a total of 47,869 Indian-born people migrated from overseas to the greater Melbourne region. Newly arrived international migrants born in China 1 (35,804), Australia (28,266), New Zealand (17,263), and England (16,953) were the next most common. Seven of the top ten source countries were from Asia (the others being Sri Lanka, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Indonesia). 16.7% India China 34.1% Australia NZ 12.5% England Sri Lanka Malaysia Philippines 1.7% 9.8% Vietnam Indonesia 2.7% 2.9% 3.7% 4.1% 5.9% 6.0% Other Figure 3: Countries of birth for new residents from overseas, Melbourne region (Sources: ABS, GCRP@UC). 1 The definition of China in this report excludes the SARs of Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. 3 P a g e

6 New International Migrants Leading Destinations in Greater Melbourne Overall, Melbourne s inner city (65,450) and southeast (56,540) were the most common settlement areas at the SA4 level for newly arrived international migrants. They were followed by the city s west, and inner east. Melbourne s Mornington Peninsula and northwest were the least common. Although newly arrived migrants from India were the most prominent cultural group in many areas, there were substantial differences in the make-up of the new international migrant community across the Melbourne region. The table below shows the most common source countries of new international migrants to Melbourne (by place of birth) at the SA4 level: Table 1: Top source countries of new international migrants (by place of birth), SA4s across Melbourne region, SA4 region of Melbourne Inner South East West Inner East Inner South North East Outer East North West Mornington Peninsula Greater Melbourne total Nation 1 Nation 2 Nation 3 Nation 4 Nation 5 Nation 6 SA4 total Australia China India New Zealand England Malaysia 10,425 6,764 6,317 5,599 4,729 3,703 India China Sri Lanka New Zealand Malaysia Australia 12,446 7,653 6,028 2,421 2,123 1,784 India New Zealand Philippines Vietnam China Australia 11,057 3,744 3,330 3,069 3,017 2,625 China Australia India Malaysia England New Zealand 8,132 3,255 3,002 1,616 1,270 1,004 India Australia China England New Zealand South Africa 4,245 3,649 3,611 2,601 1, India China Australia England New Zealand Sri Lanka 5,251 3,260 2,132 1, China Australia India England Malaysia New Zealand 2,434 2,074 1,829 1,271 1, India Iraq Australia Sri Lanka Pakistan New Zealand 3,131 2,043 1, England Australia Burma (Myanmar) New Zealand India China 1,917 1, India China Australia New Zealand England Sri Lanka 47,869 35,804 28,266 17,263 16,953 11,680 (Sources: ABS, GCRP@UC) 65,450 56,540 46,396 28,330 26,805 23,527 16,721 15,879 7, ,365 Melbourne City (24,275) was the greater Melbourne region s most common destination at the SA3 level for international migrants between 2006 and It was followed by Monash (19,954), and Dandenong (19,193), reaffirming the attractiveness of Melbourne s inner city and southeast areas to new international migrants as shown above. Wyndham (15,701) and Brimbank (13,515) also attracted large numbers of new international migrants, as did Boroondara, Glen Eira, Port-Phillip, Whitehorse-West and Whittlesea-Wallan. 4 P a g e

7 Melbourne City Monash Dandenong Wyndham Brimbank Boroondara Glen Eira Port Phillip Whitehorse - West Whittlesea - Wallan Casey - South Darebin - North Tullamarine - Broadmeadows Maribyrnong Brunswick - Coburg Yarra Casey - North Stonnington - West Bayside Knox Banyule Manningham - West Moreland - North Melton - Bacchus Marsh Kingston Hobsons Bay Essendon Maroondah Frankston Whitehorse - East Stonnington - East Mornington Peninsula Darebin - South Yarra Ranges Cardinia Keilor Nillumbik - Kinglake Manningham - East Sunbury Macedon Ranges 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Figure 4: Destinations for international migrants to Melbourne region, SA3 level, (Sources: ABS, GCRP@UC) The table below shows the most common source countries of new international migrants to Melbourne s ten most popular areas at the SA3 level. While India is again prominent as a source country, there are a number of other Asian countries providing new migrants to these areas: Table 2: Major source countries of new migrants for the ten most popular SA3s in greater Melbourne, Nation 1 Nation 2 Nation 3 Nation 4 Nation 5 Nation 6 SA3 Total Melbourne City Monash Dandenong Wyndham Brimbank Boroondara Glen Eira Port Phillip Whitehorse - West Whittlesea - Wallan China Malaysia India Australia Indonesia NZ 4,532 2,787 1,972 1,750 1,637 1,326 China India Sri Lanka Malaysia South Korea Australia 5,678 2,801 1,804 1, ,275 19,954 India Sri Lanka Vietnam China Afghanistan Cambodia 6,277 2,214 1,233 1,224 1, ,193 India NZ Philippines China England Burma (Myanmar) 15,701 3,712 1,702 1,112 1, India Vietnam Philippines NZ China Sri Lanka 3,769 1,905 1, China Australia India England NZ Malaysia 2,680 2,202 1, India China Australia England NZ Israel 2,874 2,180 1, Australia England NZ India Ireland China 2,427 1,611 1,313 1, China India Australia Malaysia Sri Lanka Hong Kong 3,906 1, India China Australia Sri Lanka NZ Philippines 2, (Sources: ABS, GCRP@UC) 13,515 13,042 12,561 12,243 9,930 8,422 5 P a g e

8 Spatial Distribution of International Migrants from India The map below shows spatial distribution of the 47,869 newly arrived international migrants between 2006 and 2011 who were born in India. Dandenong (6,278) attracted the largest number of newly arrived Indian-born migrants, making up 13.1% of all new Indian-born migrants to the Melbourne region. It was followed by Brimbank (3,770, 7.9%), Wyndham (3,712, 7.8%), and Glen Eira (2,874, 6.0%). Areas on Melbourne s urban fringe, including the Macedon Ranges and Nillumbik-Kinglake were the least common settlement areas for newly-arrived Indian-born migrants. This spatial settlement pattern of new Indian-born migrants appears closely aligned to major transport corridors such as the Hume Highway and Princes Freeway. Figure 5: Spatial dispersion of Indian-born international migrants to the Melbourne region, (Sources: ABS, GCRP@UC) 6 P a g e

9 Spatial Distribution of International Migrants from China Many of the 35,804 newly arrived international migrants who were born in China were concentrated in greater Melbourne s inner east, southeast, and inner city areas. Monash (5,678), Melbourne City (4,532) and Whitehorse West (3,907) were the most common destinations for newly-arrived international migrants born in China, accounting for 39.4 per cent of greater Melbourne s newlyarrived Chinese-born population. Areas on Melbourne s urban fringe, including Sunbury and the Macedon Ranges, were the least common settlement areas. Figure 6: Spatial dispersion of Chinese-born international migrants to the Melbourne region, (Sources: ABS, GCRP@UC) 7 P a g e

10 Spatial Distribution of International Migrants from New Zealand The greater Melbourne region attracted 17,263 New Zealand-born migrants between 2006 and Wyndham (1,701, 9.9%) was the most common destination for newly-arrived New Zealand born migrants, followed by Melbourne City (1,327, 7.7%) and Port Phillip (1,314, 7.6%). Areas in Melbourne s northeast and northwest, such as Manningham East and the Macedon Ranges, were the least common places of settlement. Figure 7: Spatial dispersion of New Zealandborn international migrants to the Melbourne region, (Sources: ABS, GCRP@UC) 8 P a g e

11 Spatial Distribution of International Migrants from England The map below shows the spatial distribution of the 16,953 newly-arrived migrants from England in greater Melbourne between 2006 to Port Phillip (1,610, 9.5%), the Mornington Peninsula (1,363, 8.0%) and Bayside (1,209, 7.1%) were the most common settlement destinations among newly-arrived English-born migrants, suggesting a desire to live close to the water. Areas to Melbourne s northwest and north, including Keilor, Moreland North and the Macedon Ranges were the least common. Figure 8: Spatial dispersion of English-born international migrants to the Melbourne region, (Sources: ABS, GCRP@UC) 9 P a g e

12 Spatial Distribution of Returning Australians Australian-born migrants from overseas were much more evenly distributed across greater Melbourne than those from the four countries assessed earlier in this report. Port Phillip (2,427, 8.6%) was the most common settlement destination for returning Australian-born migrants, followed by Boroondara (2,201, 7.8%) and Yarra (2,124, 7.5%). Areas on the urban fringe, most notably Sunbury and the Macedon Ranges, were again the least common. Figure 9: Spatial dispersion of Australian-born international migrants to the Melbourne region, (Sources: ABS, 10 P a g e

13 Port Phillip Boroondara Yarra Melbourne City Brunswick - Coburg Stonnington - West Glen Eira Bayside Darebin - South Banyule Monash Kingston Maribyrnong Whitehorse - West Mornington Peninsula Essendon Yarra Ranges Hobsons Bay Wyndham Maroondah Frankston Knox Darebin - North Stonnington - East Whittlesea - Wallan Manningham - West T'marine - Broadmeadows Melton - Bacchus Marsh Brimbank Nillumbik - Kinglake Casey - North Dandenong Whitehorse - East Moreland - North Casey - South Keilor Cardinia Manningham - East Macedon Ranges Sunbury Spatial distribution comparison of international migrants born in England, New Zealand and Australia The figure below shows the similarities and differences of spatial distribution between English, New Zealand, and returing Australian migrants to greater Melbourne between 2006 and Colllectively these three groups were most likely to settle in inner city areas, such as Port Phillip, Melbourne City, and Yarra. Coastal areas of Port Phillip Bay such as Wyndham and the Mornington Peninsula were also popular. Overall returning Australians and English-born migrants had the most similar migration patterns within greater Melbourne, with a strong positive correlation (coefficient 0.7). Correlations of migration patterns between returning Australians and New Zealanders (coefficient 0.6), and New Zealanders and English (coefficient 0.6), were both moderately positive. 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Australia New Zealand England Figure 10: Spatial distribution comparison of England, New Zealand, and Returning Australian migrants, SA3s across Melbourne region, (Sources: ABS, GCRP@UC) Analysis of other combinations involving the top five source countries found no correlation (especially in the cases of Australia and India, and England and India) or a weak correlation (such as that for Australia and China) in the places international migrants chose to live in greater Melbourne. Table 3: Correlation of people movement to Melbourne SA3s, by top five source countries India China Australia NZ England NZ Australia China (Sources: ABS, GCRP@UC) 11 P a g e

14 New International Skilled Migrants - Leading Source Countries The skills brought to greater Melbourne by newly-arrived international migrants should also be acknowledged, as they contribute to the Melbourne region s economic competitiveness. More than 107,000 skilled international migrants (defined as people who were overseas at the time of the 2006 census, and have some form of university qualification) moved to greater Melbourne between 2006 and 2011, comprising some 37.3% of all international migrants to Melbourne in that period. India (22,904) was the largest source of skilled migrants in that period, making up 21.4% of all skilled international migrants who moved to greater Melbourne. Returning Australians (14,020, 13.1%), Chinese (11,729, 11.0%) and English (6,419, 6.0%) were the next most common, followed by skilled migrants from New Zealand, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, the United States and Indonesia. India 29.9% 21.4% Australia China (mainland) England New Zealand Malaysia 13.1% Philippines 1.7% Sri Lanka 1.9% USA 3.4% 3.4% 3.8% 4.5% 6.0% 11.0% Indonesia Other Figure 11: Countries of birth for new skilled migrants from overseas, Melbourne region (Sources: ABS, GCRP@UC) Melbourne City (10,971) was also the Melbourne region s most common settlement destination at the SA3 level for skilled international migrants between 2006 and It was followed by Monash (7,229), and Port Phillip (6,971), again reaffirming the attractiveness of Melbourne s inner city and southeast areas. Boroondara (5,855) and Glen Eira (5,823) also attracted considerable numbers of skilled international migrants, as did Wyndham, Dandenong, Yarra, Brunswick-Coburg, and Whitehorse West. Eight of these top ten areas in terms of new skilled international migrants, were also in the top ten most common settlement areas of Melbourne for all new international migrants, between 2006 and P a g e

15 Melbourne City Monash Port Phillip Boroondara Glen Eira Wyndham Dandenong Yarra Brunswick - Coburg Whitehorse - West Stonnington - West Darebin - North Brimbank Maribyrnong Whittlesea - Wallan Banyule Bayside Essendon Casey - South Kingston Darebin - South Manningham - West Knox Hobsons Bay Casey - North Stonnington - East Moreland - North Tullamarine - Broadmeadows Whitehorse - East Melton - Bacchus Marsh Maroondah Frankston Mornington Peninsula Yarra Ranges Keilor Nillumbik - Kinglake Cardinia Manningham - East Sunbury Macedon Ranges 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Figure 12: Spatial dispersion of new skilled migrants from overseas, SA3s across Melbourne, region (Sources: ABS, GCRP@UC) The proportion of skilled migrants also varies widely within individual source countries. While the countries detailed in Figure 11 provided large numbers of skilled workers to greater Melbourne between 2006 and 2011, only two (Australia and India) would rank in a top ten comparing skilled intake relative to overall intake. For example, 22,904 of the 47,869 new international migrants to Melbourne who came from India were highly skilled (making a proportion of 47.9%). Of source countries with more than 1,000 new Melbourne residents, Colombia (919 of 1,510, 60.9%) and Bangladesh (1,063 of 1,831, 58.1%) provided the highest proportion of skilled migrants. They were followed by Egypt, France, and Iran. While smaller in number, Melbourne s new residents from such countries should not be undervalued as a source of skill, talent, and creativity. Table 5: Source countries with highest proportion of skilled migrants relative to all migrants from source country, Melbourne region, Skilled Total Country Percentage migrants migrants Colombia 919 1, % Bangladesh 1,063 1, % Egypt 577 1, % France 799 1, % Iran 1,410 2, % Canada 899 1, % Ireland 1,776 3, % Australia 14,020 28, % USA 2,005 4, % India 22,904 47, % (Sources, ABS, GCRP@UC) 13 P a g e

16 Globalisation and Cities Research Program ANZSOG Institute for Governance Building 23, Level B University of Canberra ACT Contact Shaun Allen T: (02) E: shaun.allen@canberra.edu.au ANZSOG Participants: Richard Hu Shaun Allen Lucas Carmody Sajeda Tuli DIBP Participants: Richard Manderson William McClure Dan Payne Inform, Enhance, Compete: Propelling Australian cities onto the world stage The Globalisation and Cities Research Program (GCRP) investigates the social, economic, political and cultural changes of Australia s major cities through a range of research initiatives. Our research assists policy formulation by various levels of government and business, to improve the competitiveness of Australian cities in an increasingly competitive and globalised world. The GCRP has been formed as an arm of the ANZSOG Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra. It seeks to unravel the complexities of globalisation and urbanisation, their contributory and resultant factors, and their associated challenges for policy and planning in Australia s major cities and regions. GCRP s research is of relevance to all Australian cities and regions, particularly as the nation seeks to position itself to take advantage of the Asian Century. Its research is collaborative in focus, and partners with government and business to inform successful and sustainable urban policy. Our key research issues include urban policy, governance, planning, urban competitiveness, migration, global cities, and space of flows in cities. GCRP s ongoing research into the Melbourne region is its second research collaboration with the Department of Immigration and Border Protection - with both parties having undertaken research on migration trends in the Sydney region. This explored topics including global migration, global competitiveness, and the global mobility of recently arrived migrants. February 2014