ASEAN Communities: Challenges and Opportunities For Vulnerable groups in Thailand Khumsuwan, Kamolchanok, et,.al. 1. Introduction

Transcription

1 ASEAN Communities: Challenges and Opportunities For Vulnerable groups in Thailand Khumsuwan, Kamolchanok, et,.al 1. Introduction In Thailand Society, the vulnerable groups defined by Office of Welfare Promotion, Protection and Empowerment of Vulnerable Groups (OWPPEV, 2010) categorizes into five categories; poverty, Homeless, Stateless, HIV/AIDS and the families including Ex-Convicts people. A number of vulnerable groups, in particular, are likely to be poor and not to be equitably reached by social services and protection measures. (Tipaporn, 2009) All groups those who are experiencing suffering in term of economic social education health politic law culture disaster and war impact. They have been encountering discrimination practice and unequally. As a result, the government should be also get involved a quality of life their assistance in term of budget, empowerment and promotion aspect to these groups gain access to collateral security protection. In 2015, would be entered as ASEAN Communities. It shall be the goal of regional economic integration and areas of cooperation include human resources. (IPSR, 2012) In view of ASEAN Communities Thailand will have on impact such as epidemic diseases, cultural changing, many countries allow more flexibility in the labor market both legal and illegal, human trafficking along the borders and major cities, discrimination and abusive practice of vulnerable and marginalized groups that government should be also get involved a budget, empowerment for self reliance. Regarding the impact of these changing patterns in ASEAN Communities some population may be have to the context of the new society encountering abusive practice such as social injustice, inequality or may not be access to social public. Actually, who are meaning a lack of social opportunities or the new vulnerable or marginalized groups those who have been left behind and the gaps are widening in the near future Therefore, it is necessary to develop a paradigm shift for support local authority s role to give priority for people with particularly attention in the community. Cooperation should highlight on participants from community, municipalize organization by working as a cooperation network. Also this could reduce redundancy and get to the problem directly. 2. Objective 1. To investigate the role of sub-district administrative organization (TAO), volunteer, and NGOs in the local government in term of development and right protection aspect of vulnerable groups 2. To study an appropriate strengthening policy and mechanism to protect the rights and advocacy for the vulnerable groups to prepare in ASEAN Communities.

2 3. Methodology Methodologies employed in this study are as follows. 3.1 Documentary research study: Documentary research study was synthesis of secondary data literature review concept paper and related research. 3.2 Qualitative study: Qualitative data was collected by in-depth interviews; future search conference with key informants; lesson learnt and knowledge management to explain the satiation and social impact of vulnerable and marginalized groups. Target groups Data was collected from the population involved in the welfare protection of the rights related to working of the vulnerable and marginalized groups, such as Ministry of Social Development and Human Security, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Justice, Private Sectors, Non-Government Sectors, Community leaders including vulnerable and marginalized groups. Number of samples in total is 500 persons. Areas study Areas study of the four regions including Bangkok - North (Chiang Rai and Tak), - Central (Chon Buri and Kanchanaburi) - Northeast (Khon Kaen and Burirum) - South (Phuket and Ranong) Data Analysis Using by domain analysis and content analysis. 4. Summary of Findings The tendency of the problems occurring to the vulnerable groups is still being addressed, as the solutions may not be operable in a short period of the time by only one organization. Because the problems of the vulnerable groups are not only occurring in their own group, but the problems are also connected to the thoughts beliefs, and values in culture which is taught through the education system and mass communication that they are social problems people. The solving of the vulnerable groups problems should be address carefully, property, explicitly and understanding in the current situation. Anyway, the truth is government has only a single policy to manage the vulnerable groups by gathering all groups of vulnerable and marginalized groups together. The policy may exacerbate the current problems. Including the vulnerable groups is lack of knowledge and ignorance to protect their own rights, was causing them inevitably to be victimized The role of various sectors to performance in term of development and right protection aspect related to working the vulnerable and marginalized groups form ASEAN Communities in the local level are as follows.

3 Sub-district Administrative Organization (TAO) Actually, Thailand has in the past had a highly centralized system of administration and policy making and most major decisions are still centered in Bangkok should be effecting to weakness community. The truth, it is necessary to develop a paradigm shift for support local authority s role to give priority for people with particular attention in the community. At the present, the multiple roles of sub-district administrative organization (TAO) can only fulfill its potential if both people and institutions have the knowledge and skill to take advantage of the new opportunities. The active roles of TAO were including the potential to enhance training for all population groups in the community. It is to focus more attention on the most vulnerable group s ethnic minorities and human trafficked such as people without a regal status do not fall under the responsibility of government. For these groups should guarantee them access to a more balanced package of services including social development and social protection. Including it was promoting the integration of vocational and professional training consistent with the potential wisdom and culture network expansion and community learning centers an asset management with various community agencies and networks. That can satisfy the needs of various types of funds, such as One Baht Fund Savings, District Health Fund, Community Welfare Fund and Elderly Fund. Support for cooperative process. All population has access to capital. Concept performance should be working with vulnerable and marginalized groups focus on humanism, dignity of human, justice, equality and discrimination practice as a result an officer resources work service in the form of aid aspect. The impact of their performance does not provide comprehensive coverage and sufficiency. In this word, this would be creating the solid working network such as volunteer, NGOs and civil society. Volunteer The protection of the rights of vulnerable groups is to set up an areas mechanism to work with them participate activities need to enjoy a normal social life. The long term benefits of community work are not possible without the engagement of volunteering who are experts in the social problems and needs of their own communities. An important role was to play in supporting community as professional experts. Therefore, many different volunteer s roles available additional safeguards for special population for whom the standard requirements may not offer sufficient protection. More generally, has recognized the potential vulnerability and need for additional protections for these groups such as surveillance, home visit, and transfer case to partner. It is undertaken freely and without concern for financial gain. NGOs Though the people s organizations are regarded as NGOs, they are part of public sector since they bear functions of link between the government and the society. The role of NGOs was by working together with relevant government agencies, local government and other organizations and institutes in order strengthen rural communities in their efforts to establish concrete natural resource

4 management practices and develop community-based natural disaster management regimes. NGOs can be key players in mainstreaming adaptation measures in several important components of local governance including such as building awareness to create political wills, contributing to enhance resilience of most vulnerable poor population. 5. Conclusion and Discussion The active roles of Local government in the field of development and right protection aspect of vulnerable and marginalized groups are being required deliver a broad range of services, but at present they appear to be focusing their budgets and their energies more on an economic than social development. This is partly because many administrations particularly lack the human resources and the technical capacity, as well as the necessary understanding and awareness. Local Government would like to integrate capacity of government agencies, institutions, volunteer NGOS and civil society to carry out social budgeting exercises aimed at improving financial sustainability of social services in support of policy goals of broadening coverage and raising benefit levels (health insurance, pensions, access to quality education, health care and other social services) includes on the principles of the sufficiency economy and of accumulating social capital to find solutions to local poverty problems. 6. Recommendation Hence, the research has provided some recommendation to solve the vulnerable groups is as followed: 1. Government, especially, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security which already built the system in sub-district and provincial levels, should encourage the local community to participate by forming a surveillance unit on the vulnerable group situation. This would create the solid working network 2. Development planning is relatively long-term process and the implementation is a lengthy process and does not bring immediate benefit to the most vulnerable group. It is important to have effective. 3. Thai and member state of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN),will have to adjust is policies and program empowerment of the public with particular attention to the vulnerable and marginalized groups on their legal rights and human rights to prepare for these changing patterns in ASEAN Communities for 2 years closer.

5 Reference Thipaporn Potawin. (2009). Knowledge develops and rights protection of the vulnerable groups. Office of Welfare Promotion, Protection and Empowerment of Vulnerable Groups. Ministry of Social Development and Human Security Office of Welfare Promotion, Protection and Empowerment of Vulnerable Groups (OWPPEV) Report of Situation of the Vulnerable Group in the year Bangkok ; Tape pen Vanish Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University. (2012). Factors Affecting on Welfare Protection for Vulnerable Group in ASEAN Community for 2 Years. Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University Research Tearm Kamolchanok Khumsuwan Sirinan Kittisuksathit Sakarin Niyomsilpa Manasikan Kanchanachitra Teeranong Sakulsri Wanapa Aree Office Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University <kamolchanok.khu@mahidol.ac.th>