CANADA A Different Nation: Canada enters the 20th Century
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1 CANADA A Different Nation: Canada enters the 20th Century
2 th century (1900 s)- very different than Canada in the 19th century (1800 s) Events, trends, and themes: Diverse population, International recognition, domestic changes, acts of tolerance/intolerance and economic boom and hardship Canadians were forced to ask who they were and what they valued World War One- an independent nation, but terribly proud of its connection to Britain
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4 INTRODUCTION What defines Canada in the early 1900 s and what attitudes and expectations did Canadians have for the century ahead? How can we find the answer to this?
5 Let me tell you, my fellow countrymen, that the twentieth century shall be the century of Canada and Canadian development. For the next 75 years, maybe 100 years, Canada shall be the star towards which all men who love progress and freedom shall come Wilfrid Laurier 1904
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7 CANADA IN 1900 Rural mostly farmers, fishers, loggers, construction workers Social activity baseball / hockey games, church socials, traditional values Local travel horse and buggy Long-distance travel train Few / no cars
8 SOCIETY AND WOMEN IN CANADA 1900S
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10 SOCIETY AND WOMEN IN CANADA 1900S Temperance Movements- prohibition Suffrage- Suffragists- Nellie McClung Need for reform on child labour, pollution, poverty These reforms were very much up against the social norms of the time- ladylike behavior, vs. manly behavior Women were considered property, not people under the law Many women worked (until marriage)- domestic service, factories, education
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16 ARTS AND LEISURE Beginning of the 1900 s- many Canadians start moving to cities (urbanization) Canadian literature and art- sentimental towards rural life, simple values and happy endings Anne of Green Gables Serious Artistic Movement based on Canadian geography and rural life
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22 URBANIZATION Canada opened its borders to immigrants- Western Canada- Last Best West At the same time many immigrants and rural Canadians began moving to cities Rich and poor divide Terrible living conditions for the working poor, illnesses, lack of clean water and sewage treatment and yet people still flocked to the cities- WHY?
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25 URBANIZATION Cities growing - factories - jobs Divide between the rich and poor grew - factory owners got rich- lived in big houses - Factory workers were poorly paid lived in slums
26 Okay...so what was the nation of Canada? Canada Prior to WW1
27 Canada- The Nation Nations are imagined communities - created by those who wish to build On the eve of WW1, The Great War, Canada existed as a state, but was not a nation Canadians were not connected to an idea of Canada, rather to their church, local community, language or their King Canada could control our domestic affairs- but Britain had final say
28 In other words.we did not have a Canadian identity...but based on some brief evidence, let s try and describe a Canadian in 1914
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31 Canada- The Nation - So what makes a nation- maybe start there - PM Wilfrid Laurier launched the Last Best West campaign- purpose? - Ethnocentrism
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35 Canadian Identity? 1900s many of the immigrants who came where non-white (hardly the most though)- particularly in British Columbia BC was a desirable location for immigrants from the Pacific Rim- Local Reaction? Here s the odd part in regard to nationalism- Most of the immigrants were from British controlled areas, therefore they were British, same as white Canadians-
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38 Violence- Source A To what degree did the Canadian government respond to the racial issues of the time? Source: Deputy Minister of Labour William Mackenzie King was sent to deal with the issue (1907 white Vancouverites rioted against the Chinese and Japanese in the city) That Canada should desire to restrict immigration from the Orient is regarded as natural, that Canada should remain a white man s country is believed to be not only desirable for economic and social reasons, but highly necessary on political and national grounds. OPCVL the heck out of this...
39 Murder 1914 the Komagata Maru landed in Vancouver after a 2 month trip from Hong Kong 400 South Asians (Sri Lankan)- all British subjects- expected to be allowed entry in Canada The ship was denied entry and literally towed out of Canadian waters- it returned to India and many were arrested (19 killed)
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41 Historical Inquiry How was Canadian identity defined? How does it appear that immigrants were treated? To what extent was the Canadian immigration policy Open and Prosperous for All? Can you predict some potential consequences of non-british immigration in the years before WW1?
42 One More Thing Cultural ExtinctionAboriginal Reserves 1880 s- purpose? Residential Schools- Assimilation "The Indian problem is not solved, but it must not be given up, and it need not be deserted in despair until there is a proper and final solution. I believe it possible to civilize, educate and Christianize the Indian. - J.S. Woodsworth
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