2. Anglo Americans were the most supportive of Texas independence.

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1 Republic of Texas and Statehood Study Guide Houston focused on ensuring peace especially with Native Americans A tariff a tax on imported goods to encourage the purchase of the nation made goods. Continued to use Texas Rangers for their founding purpose to protect settlers from hostile Native American reduce the public debt by eliminating government jobs and suspending payments on the debt. reduced the Texas army and navy 2nd Term cut government cost 2nd Term make peace with the remaining Native American 2nd Term wanted annexation of Texas by U.S. Lamar focused more on expanding Texas and its power wanted to gain recognition of Texas independence in Europe and Mexico opposed annexation by the United States Texas to remain an independent republic end the threat to Texas from Mexico and Native Americans. expanded the Texas Rangers rebuilt the Texas Navy moved the capital to present day Austin set aside public lands in each county for the establishment of public schools. wanted to force most Native Americans out of Texas. increased the public debt 1. Mexico Requirements for Settlers: All Texans were required to become Roman Catholic, citizens of Mexico and follow Mexican law. 2. Anglo Americans were the most supportive of Texas independence.

2 3. Texas Declaration of Independence and Constitution is modeled after the United States Declaration of Independence and Constitution. 4. Sam Houston was the first President of Texas. 5. Republic a form of government run by elected representatives. 6. Issues of the Republic of Texas: Mexico did not recognize Texas independence deeply in debt 7. Cordova Rebellion Leader Vicente Cordova created a rebel force to protest Texas independence and the Republic s unwillingness to protect Tejano and Native American rights and property. 8. Mirabeau Lamar wanted the Texas Congress to reject the peace treaty with the Cherokee because he believed they were involved in the Cordova Rebellion and were allied with Mexico. 9. The United States was the first country to recognize Texas independence. 10. Mirabeau Lamar campaign for president of Texas focused on Sam Houston failed peace policy with Native Americans. 11. Chief Bowles and the Cherokee: friend to Sam Houston Lamar wanted Cherokee out of Texas Chief Bowles killed at the Battle of Neches 12. Council House Fight Fight between Texans and Comanches after peace talks broke down Comanches killed hostages after their peace envoys were killed, leading to two more battles. Comanches had to leave Texas 13. Mary Maverick: a white female Texans who witnessed and wrote about the Republic of Texas including the Council House Fight

3 14. Texas Navy: was created to protect supply lines during the Texas Revolution Edwin W. Moore commander of Texas Navy during Lamar administration Texas Navy became a dominant force in the Gulf of Mexico 15. Santa Fe Expedition: Lamar s attempt to annex the city of Santa Fe Wanted Santa Fe because it was a trading center and it would begin Texas expansion to the Pacific Ocean Jose Antonio Navarro led the expedition the attempt was unsuccessful because of the harsh conditions Texans were taken to Mexico and released 16. Archive Wars: President Houston ordered the Texas Rangers to remove the archives from Austin because of a threat from Mexico. resulted in the archives and the capital remaining in Austin 17. Mier Expedition: attempt to remove Mexican forces from Texas small group of soldiers defied orders and entered Mexico Mexican troops defeated Texans 17 Texans were executed 18. Manifest Destiny United States belief that it was their right (their destiny) to settle the lands between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. 19. Texas Annexation: treaty of annexation rejected because it made Texas a territory and not a state and took public lands

4 20. Presidential Election of 1844: Henry Clay (Whig) James K. Polk (Democrat) Winner because he believed in the idea of expansion joint resolution passed by Congress making Texas a state and allowed Texas to kept its public lands. James Pinckney Henderson First Governor of Texas 21. Homestead Act of 1839: created to encourage people to own their own homes homestead refers to a family s home and land law safeguarded families from having their land seized or taken by creditors created to discourage land speculators (a person who buys land with the hope of selling it for a large profit). 22. United States and Mexican War: border dispute Mexico claimed the Nueces River and the United States claimed the Rio Grande River 23. President James K. Polk urged Congress to declare war on Mexico because American blood had been shed on American soil 24. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: ended the war between the United States and Mexico Mexico agreed to end the war with the U.S. capture of capital city of Mexico City settled the boundary between the United States and Mexico created the land know as the Mexican Cession 25. Mexican Cession: included the present day states of New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah and Colorado purchased for 15 million dollars people living in the Mexican Cession could claim U.S. citizenship

5 26. Compromise of 1850: compromise between Northern and Southern states California would be admitted as a free state people living in the Mexican Cession would decide the issue of slavery when they applied for statehood (popular sovereignty) Texas gave up its claim to Santa Fe and the Rio Grande River as their western boundary in exchange for their debts being paid by the U.S. set the boundary between Texas and New Mexico enforced the Fugitive Slave Act which required all citizens to return escaped slaves 27. African American rights in the Republic of Texas: more restrictive than Mexican laws denied citizenship the right to marry was limited could not gain permanent residence without approval free African Americans who moved to the Republic of Texas had to leave in two years or lose their freedom

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