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1 7 March 2017 ( ) Page: 1/135 Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures SPECIFIC TRADE CONCERNS NOTE BY THE SECRETARIAT 1 Revision At the March 2000 meeting of the Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Committee), the Secretariat was requested to prepare a paper summarizing the specific trade concerns (STCs) that had been brought to the Committee's attention since The Secretariat has revised this document annually to include new information provided by Members (G/SPS/GEN/204/Rev.1 to G/SPS/GEN/204/Rev.16). The STCs in the 17 th revision of G/SPS/GEN/204 maintain the previously assigned numbers according to the chronological order of the Committee meetings in which they were first raised. These numbers serve as unique identifiers and are intended to facilitate the tracking of issues raised over time. 3 The 17 th revision of G/SPS/GEN/204 is divided into two sections: a. General overview of Specific Trade Concerns; and b. Specific Trade Concerns discussed in Section 1 of the document contains summary statistics and graphs for all the STCs raised in the SPS Committee between the first regular meeting of 1995 and the last regular meeting of The STCs are categorized as relating to food safety, animal or plant health. This section also includes a summary table which identifies for each STC according to the assigned number, the Member(s) maintaining the measure, the Member(s) raising the concern, as well as information on whether the STC has been reported to have been resolved. Section 2 of the document contains information regarding all STCs which were raised in the SPS Committee in This includes (1) STCs raised for the first time in 2016; (2) STCs which were previously raised and discussed again in 2016; and (3) STCs for which there was no substantive discussion in the Committee during 2016, but where Members reported that a previously raised issue had been resolved, partially resolved or where substantive action on the issue occurred in another WTO body during 2016 (e.g., establishment of a dispute resolution panel on the issue). 1 This document has been prepared under the Secretariat's own responsibility and is without prejudice to the positions of Members or to their rights and obligations under the WTO. 2 G/SPS/R/18, para An "issue" in this document refers to a trade concern raised by a Member, which then receives an "specific trade concern (STC)" sequential number. When the same issue is raised by more than one Member, it falls under the same STC number. Also, when Members raise issues covering similar measures maintained by more than one Member, they are grouped under the same STC number. This explains the different number of STCs, issues and measures counted in this document.

2 - 2 - Table of contents 1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF SPECIFIC TRADE CONCERNS... 5 Chart 1.1 Number of New STCs Raised... 5 Chart 1.2a STCs by Subject ( )... 5 Chart 1.2b STCs Related to Animal Health & Zoonoses ( )... 6 Chart 1.3a Participation in Issues Raised by WTO Members ( )... 7 Chart 1.3b Number of New Issues Raised by Members... 7 Chart 1.4 Resolved STCs... 7 Table List of Specific Trade Concerns ( ) SPECIFIC TRADE CONCERNS CONSIDERED IN Chart 2.1 STCs by Subject Chart STCs Related to Animal Health & Zoonoses Chart Participation of Members in STCs Table 2.1 STCs Raised for the First Time in Table STCs Previously Raised and Discussed Again in Table STCs Reported as Resolved, Partially Resolved or Where Substantive Action Occurred in Another WTO Body in Australia Animal Health...34 General import restrictions due to BSE (STC 193) Brazil Animal Health...34 Measures on shrimp (STC 344) China Food safety...35 Import conditions related to phthalates (STC 345)...35 Import restrictions in response to the Japanese nuclear power plant accident (STC 354)...36 China's proposed amendments to the implementation regulations on safety assessment of agricultural GMOs (STC 395)...40 China's import ban on fresh mangosteen (STC 416) Animal Health...43 General import restrictions due to BSE (STC 193)...43 China's measures on bovine meat (STC 383)...43 China's import restrictions due to African swine fever (STC 392)...44 China's import restrictions due to Schmallenberg virus (STC 405)...46 China's import restrictions due to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (STC 406) Other concerns...49 Lack of transparency for certain SPS measures (STC 184) Costa Rica Plant Health...50 Page

3 - 3 - Costa Rica's suspension of the issuing of phytosanitary import certificates for avocados (STC 394) European Food safety...53 Application and modification of the EU Regulation on Novel Foods (STC 238)...53 Categorization of compounds as endocrine disruptors (STC 382)...65 EU proposal to amend regulation (EC) No. 1829/2003 to allow EU member States to restrict or prohibit the use of genetically modified food and feed (STC 396)...71 EU restrictions on exports of pork from the State of Santa Catarina (STC 407)...73 EU MRLs for bitertanol, tebufenpyrad and chlormequat (G/SPS/N/EU/168) (STC 412) Plant Health...75 EU ban on mangoes and certain vegetables from India (STC 374) Other concerns...77 Agricultural biotechnology approval process (STC 110)...77 EU withdrawal of equivalence for processed organic products (STC 378) Guatemala Food Safety...83 Guatemala's restrictions on egg products (STC 413) India Food Safety...83 India's amended standards for food additives (STC 403) Animal Health...85 Restrictions due to avian influenza (STC 185) Other Concerns...96 India's amendment to its import policy conditions for apples; Restriction to Nhava Sheva port (STC 397) Indonesia Food Safety...97 Indonesia's food safety measures affecting horticultural products and animal products (STC 414) Animal Health...98 Import restrictions on poultry meat (STC 286) Korea, Republic of Food safety...99 Strengthened import restrictions on food and feeds products with regard to radionuclides (STC 359) Animal Health General import restrictions due to BSE (STC 193) Korea's import restrictions due to African swine fever (STC 393) Mexico Plant Health Measures on imports of hibiscus flowers (STC 386)

4 Nigeria Food Safety Nigerian restrictions on exports of beef and poultry (STC 408) Russian Federation Food Safety The Russian Federation's import restrictions on processed fishery products from Estonia and Latvia (STC 390) Russian Federation import restrictions on certain animal products from Germany (STC 411) Animal Health Import ban on live pigs and pork products due to African swine fever (STC 369) Other Concerns Russian Federation import measures (STC 409) Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Animal Health General import restrictions due to BSE (STC 193) Chinese Taipei Food Safety Chinese Taipei's strengthened import restrictions on food with regard to radionuclides (STC 387) South Africa Food Safety South Africa's revised veterinary health certificates for the import of cattle, sheep and goats from Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland (STC 404) Turkey Animal Health General import restrictions due to BSE (STC 193) United States Animal Health US non-acceptance of OIE categorization for BSE (STC 375) Plant Health US high cost of certification for mango exports (STC 373) Other Concerns Measures on catfish (STC 289) US seafood import monitoring programme (STC 415) Certain Members Animal Health General import restrictions due to BSE (STC 193)

5 - 5-1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF SPECIFIC TRADE CONCERNS 1.1. Altogether, 416 STCs have been raised in the 22 years between 1995 and the end of Chart 1.1 shows the number of new STCs raised each year. Thirteen new STCs were raised in Chart 1.1 Number of New STCs Raised 1.2. Chart 1.2a categorizes the 416 STCs raised since 1995 into food safety, animal or plant health concerns. Overall, 32% of STCs relate to food safety concerns, 24% relate to plant health, and 6% relate to other issues such as certification requirements, control or inspection procedures. 38% of STCs raised relate to animal health and zoonoses. Chart 1.2a STCs by Subject ( ) 1.3. STCs related to animal health and zoonoses are further divided into foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), avian influenza (AI) and other animal health concerns (OAH). Chart 1.2b shows that TSEs account for 31% of animal health concerns, while 23% relate to FMD and 9% to avian influenza concerns. The remaining 37% relate to other animal health concerns.

6 - 6 - Chart 1.2b STCs Related to Animal Health & Zoonoses ( ) 1.4. Developing countries are participating actively under this agenda item in the SPS Committee meetings. Chart 1.3a indicates that over 22 years, developing country Members have raised 240 issues 4, compared to 238 issues raised by developed country Members, and five issues raised by least-developed country Members. 5 One developing country Member has supported another Member raising an issue 318 times, compared to 193 times developed country Members supported an issue, and 14 times least-developed country Members supported an issue. 222 measures at issue were maintained by a developing country Member, and 220 measures were maintained by a developed country Member. One issue has been raised regarding measures maintained by a leastdeveloped country Member Chart 1.3b shows the number of new issues raised each year by each category of Member Charts 1.3a and 1.3b reflect the number of issues raised by Members at SPS Committee meetings, which are then numbered under STCs. The same issue can be raised by more than one Member, in which case it is grouped under the same STC number. Therefore, the number of issues raised can be larger than the number of STCs. 6 4 On many occasions more than one Member has raised, supported or maintained an issue. 5 On 1 December 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European and the Treaty establishing the European Community (done at Lisbon, 13 December 2007) entered into force. On 29 November 2009, the WTO received a Verbal Note (WT/L/779) from the Council of the European and the Commission of the European Communities stating that, by virtue of the Treaty of Lisbon, as of 1 December 2009, the European replaces and succeeds the European Community. However, the European is referred to as the European Community when an STC was raised or discussed before 1 December The European is counted as one Member. Similarly, when one Member speaks on behalf of ASEAN, it is counted as one Member only. 6 See footnote 3.

7 - 7 - Chart 1.3a Participation in Issues Raised by WTO Members ( ) Chart 1.3b Number of New Issues Raised by Members 1.7. Chart 1.4 shows that out of the 416 STCs raised since 1995, 148 STCs (36%) have been reported resolved. In 2016 specifically, two STCs were reported as resolved Since 1995, 32 STCs (8%) have been reported to be partially resolved. In these partially resolved STCs, trade may have been allowed for selected products or by some of the importing Members maintaining the measure in question No solutions have been reported for the remaining 236 STCs. Of these, 223 STCs were raised more than one year ago with no reported resolution. However, some of these STCs may have been resolved without the Committee being made aware of these developments. Chart 1.4 Resolved STCs

8 - 8 - Table List of Specific Trade Concerns ( ) STC Number Description of Measure Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue Shelf-life requirements Korea, Republic of Australia, Canada, United States of America 2 Import clearance measures and practices Korea, Republic of United States R 1996 Norway Brazil R 3 Restrictions on gelatine imports 4 Measures related to BSE Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, United States of America Switzerland 5 Import requirements for wine Brazil European 6 Importation of cheese Canada European 7 Regionalization in relation United States European to animal health 8 Ban on salmon imports Australia Canada, United States of America 9 Zero-tolerance for Chile, Czech Republic, United States salmonella in imported El Salvador, Honduras, poultry products Slovak Republic 10 Imports of potatoes Czech Republic European 11 Restriction on levels of copper and cadmium in imported squid 12 Testing requirements for different varieties of apples, cherries and nectarines Spain, European Japan United States United States 13 Translation of regulations Japan; Korea, Republic of Argentina NR Restrictions on imported Brazil United States R wheat 15 Zoosanitary import Canada European NR policies pertaining to BSE 16 Restrictions on imports of Chile United States R wheat and fruit 17 Cosmetics and BSE European Australia R 18 Certification requirements France, European United States NR for pet food 19 Protected zones European Uruguay NR Status 7 PR R R R NR R NR R R R 7 NR = Not Reported, PR = Partially Resolved, R = Resolved.

9 - 9 - STC Number Description of Measure Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue United States 20 Restrictions on imports of rough rice Honduras 21 Fresh fruit and vegetables Indonesia Australia, United States 22 Measures affecting Israel Uruguay R imports of bovine meat 23 Plant quarantine Japan United States NR regulations 24 Requirements for Panama United States R certification of consumer rice 25 Restrictions on wheat and Poland United States NR oilseeds 26 Phytosanitary issues in Certain Members United States R general 27 Citrus canker European Argentina R 28 Notification on wheat, rye Switzerland Argentina R and triticale 29 Measures related to avian Venezuela, Bolivarian United States NR influenza Republic of 30 Regulation concerning Czech Republic European R warehouses and silos 31 Rules on "specified risk European United States NR materials" in products of animal origin 32 Gelatine imports European Brazil, United PR States of America 33 Salmonella-related European Chile, Peru PR restriction on fishmeal imports 34 Measures regarding FMD Japan Argentina, PR European 35 Import ban on frozen Korea, Republic of Thailand R poultry 36 Import prohibition of Mexico Thailand R milled rice 37 Actions taken by local United States Chile R governments Temporary prohibition of fresh pork and products Argentina European R 39 Maximum levels for certain contaminants (aflatoxins) in foodstuffs 40 Trade restrictions in response to cholera Status 7 R NR European Argentina; Australia; Bolivia, Plurinational State of; Brazil; The Gambia; India; Indonesia; Malaysia; Philippines; Senegal; Thailand R European Tanzania PR

10 STC Number Description of Measure 41 Restrictions on imports of apples, pears and quinces 42 Import restrictions on potatoes 43 Prohibition on bone-in beef imports from EC member States Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue Slovak Republic Hungary R Slovak Republic South Africa Poland, European European 44 Measures related to BSE United States European NR 45 Import restrictions on Australia, New Zealand European R cheese, Switzerland 46 Import prohibition of coconut palms and related products Brazil Philippines NR 47 Measure on establishments operating in the animal feed sector European United States 48 Import ban on livestock Turkey Hungary, PR United States 49 Restrictions on imports of Australia Philippines R sauces containing benzoic acid 50 Quarantine requirements Australia Thailand NR for chicken meat 51 Prohibition of poultry meat Czech Republic Thailand R imports 52 Measures on food treated European United States NR with ionizing radiation 53 Emergency measures on citrus pulp European Brazil R 54 Notifications regarding import requirements on meat and eggs 55 TSE-related import restrictions of live cattle 56 Notification on amendment of the Japanese Plant Protection Law 57 Requirements for imports of milk and milk products 58 Notification on refrigeration and labelling requirements for shell eggs 59 Interim rule affecting solid wood packaging material 60 Import restrictions on bovine semen and embryos, milk and milk products 61 Import restrictions on bovine semen Switzerland Israel Japan Poland United States United States 1999 Argentina India United States European United States European European Hong Kong, China European Canada, European Status 7 R R NR R R NR R NR R R PR

11 STC Number Description of Measure Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue European 62 Restrictions on imports of horses India NR 63 Information on dioxin Certain Members European R 64 Ban on antibiotics in feed European United States NR 65 Import restrictions on Korea, Republic of Argentina NR beef 66 Notifications related to Malaysia, Singapore Switzerland R dioxin 67 Import restrictions on Mexico Argentina NR beef 68 Notifications on veterinary Poland Switzerland, R measures and measures United States on animal products including gelatine 69 Import restrictions on rhododendrons in growing medium 70 Import conditions for pork meat and products 71 Restrictions on meat and dairy products 72 Measures regarding canned tuna in oil United States European Venezuela, Bolivarian European NR Republic of El Salvador Uruguay R Belgium, European Philippines NR 73 Imports of citrus fruit United States Argentina R Restrictions on imports of Australia Philippines NR tropical fresh fruit 75 Notification on meat and Iceland Argentina R meat products 76 Ban on pet food imports Turkey Hungary R 77 Restrictions on canned Egypt Thailand NR tuna 78 Notification on methyl Australia European R bromide 79 Import restrictions on Australia Thailand NR durian 80 Restrictions on poultry Bolivia, Plurinational State Chile R meat imports of 81 Wood packing material European Canada R 82 Restrictions on Indonesia New Zealand R importation of fresh fruit 83 Restrictions on milk Panama European R powder imports Import restrictions affecting BSE-free countries Argentina; Australia; Canada; Korea, Republic of; New Zealand; United States Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia Status 7 R NR

12 STC Number Description of Measure 85 Import restrictions on prawns and prawn products; revised generic IRA for prawns and prawn products 86 Access of California table grapes 87 Measures affecting imports of products containing Brazilian beef 88 Import restrictions due to FMD 89 Import restrictions on soy sauce 90 Restrictions on bovine products 91 Restrictions on pork products 92 Restrictions on banana imports 93 Phytosanitary requirements for potatoes, garlic and onions 94 EC Directive 2000/42/EC on pesticide residues 95 Legislation on the fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ) 96 Geographical BSE risk assessment 97 Restrictions on the use of fishmeal 98 Restrictions on Egyptian potatoes 99 Restrictions on importation of sugar cane top 100 Import measures on apples due to fire blight 101 Proposed import prohibition of commoditycountry combinations of fresh cut flowers and foliage 102 Import restrictions on potted plants 103 FMD-related import restrictions Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue Australia China, Thailand PR Australia United States R Canada Brazil R Canada, United States of Hungary NR America European Thailand NR Hungary Canada R Hungary Canada R Turkey Ecuador R Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of Argentina Status 7 NR European Côte d'ivoire NR European Israel NR European Canada, Chile, India R European Chile, Norway, PR Peru European Egypt NR Japan Indonesia NR Japan New Zealand United States European United States European NR Certain Members Argentina, PR European 104 FMD restrictions Chile Argentina R 105 Restrictions on apples and Cuba Argentina NR pears 106 Regulations on genetically European United States PR modified food and feed 107 Transitional TSE measures European Canada R 108 Cut flowers European Ecuador, Israel NR R R

13 STC Number Description of Measure Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue 109 Phytosanitary regulations Spain, European Argentina NR (Canary Islands) 110 Agricultural biotechnology European United States PR approval process 111 FMD restrictions Indonesia Argentina NR FMD trade restrictions Bolivia, Plurinational State Argentina R of 113 Pet food import Chile Argentina R requirements 114 Food safety regulations China United States NR affecting agricultural products produced from modern biotechnology 115 Import restrictions for China Argentina R citrus and other fruits related to fruit fly 116 FMD restrictions Colombia Argentina R 117 Traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and food and feed 118 Import licenses for agricultural products 119 Notification on Chinese fruit imports European Argentina, Canada, United States of America NR Panama Canada R Philippines China PR 120 Restrictions on pig meat United States European NR 121 Imports of clementines United States European R 122 FMD Restrictions Venezuela, Bolivarian Argentina R Republic of 123 Restrictions on imports of Venezuela, Bolivarian Canada, PR potatoes, onions, fertilised eggs, day-old chicks and meat products Republic of Colombia 124 Notifications related to Certain Members United States NR avian influenza 125 BSE related measures Argentina Canada R 126 Import requirements for seed potatoes Brazil Canada, European R China European R China European R Cuba Argentina R 127 Import ban on products of Dutch origin 128 Import requirements for cosmetics 129 Import restrictions on spiced pork and salted meat products 130 Restrictions on shellfish European Indonesia NR 131 Pesticide and antibiotic European Cuba NR limits in honey (EC Directive 96/23/EC) 132 Import restrictions on dairy products 133 Official control restrictions on citrus and other fresh fruits and vegetables Indonesia Argentina R Japan New Zealand, United States Status 7 NR

14 STC Number Description of Measure Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue Moldova, Republic of 134 SPS measures on animal products Romania R 135 Restrictions on beef and South Africa Brazil PR pork 136 Policies regarding Chinese Taipei United States NR quarantine and nonquarantine pests 137 Import restrictions on United States Switzerland NR meat and meat products 138 Pest risk assessment Argentina United States R requirements 139 Restriction on pig meat Australia European R 140 Imports of live ostriches Brazil European R 141 Pest risk assessments for Brazil Canada NR imports of plant origin 142 Zero tolerance for e-coli China United States NR 143 Regulation on wood China European R packaging material 144 Restrictions on the European Brazil R importation of fruits and fruit juices 145 Import restrictions on Honduras Costa Rica R chicken meat imports 146 Ban on hormones in Indonesia United States R animal production 147 Regulation on food Japan European NR additives 148 Amendment of the food Japan China NR sanitation law 149 Restrictions on food Panama European R products 150 Certification of meat and Philippines Canada R dairy products 151 Restrictions on imports of Trinidad and Tobago Argentina NR pork sausages and other pork products 152 Restrictions on melons United States Mexico NR 153 Restrictions on imports of United States China NR Chinese potted plants in growing medium 154 Risk assessment on BSE Uruguay Canada, United PR States of America Import requirements for Australia European R Netherlands truss tomatoes 156 Notification G/SPS/N/BRA/74 and G/SPS/N/BRA/75 on BSErelated measures Brazil Canada R 157 Quarantine measures for the entry and exit of aquatic products China European Status 7 R

15 STC Number Description of Measure Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue 158 Restrictions on pork Croatia Slovenia R imports 159 Proposal on animal byproducts European United States NR 160 Transitional BSE measures European United States NR 161 EC Directive 2001/661/EC European South Africa NR on foot-and-mouth disease 162 Fumigation standards Japan United States R 163 Restrictions on Austrian Mexico European NR products 164 Restrictions on the Mexico United States R importation of dry beans 165 Import restrictions on Bahrain, Kingdom of; European PR Spanish olive oil Kuwait, the State of; Oman; Qatar; United Arab Emirates 166 Import measures on live Croatia Hungary R animals and meat products 167 Restrictions on honey European United States R imports 168 Maximum levels for aflatoxins in corn and sampling contaminants in food European Argentina NR 169 EC proposed regulation on maximum residue levels of pesticides 170 Live animals and animal products 171 Animal health conditions and certification requirements for live fish 172 Restrictions on imports of mangoes 173 Notification on uses of living modified organisms 174 Notification on transboundary movement of living modified organisms 175 Notification on food and feed controls 176 Notification on maximum tolerance levels for Ocratoxin A in coffee 177 Sanitary conditions for the importation of live material for apiculture 178 Revision of standards and specifications for food and additives 179 Guidelines for maximum residue level (MRL) testing European Argentina, China Status 7 NR European Australia NR European Australia R Japan Brazil R Japan Australia R Korea, Republic of Australia R European United States NR Germany, European Colombia, PR Papua New Guinea European Argentina NR Japan China NR Korea, Republic of United States R

16 STC Number Description of Measure 180 Heat treatment for meat and bone meal in poultry for pet food 181 Import restrictions on potatoes 182 Implementation of ISPM Implementation of ISPM 15 Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Chinese Taipei Member(s) Raising the Issue United States Chinese Taipei New Zealand R United States Argentina R Certain Members Chile, Uruguay PR Lack of transparency for China United States NR certain SPS measures 185 Restrictions due to avian India European NR influenza, United States of America 186 Phytosanitary import India European PR restrictions, United States of America 187 FMD restrictions Panama Argentina R 188 Delisting of France from United States European R countries authorized to export certain meat and meat products to the United States 189 Prohibition on the use of specified risk materials and requirements for disabled cattle United States Argentina NR 190 Regionalization and recognition of animal disease free status 191 Maximum residue levels for pesticides on food 192 Non-notification of various SPS measures 193 General import restrictions due to BSE Certain Members European Status 7 R PR European China NR India United States NR Certain Members European PR, United States of America Australia Chile R 194 Restrictions on fresh grapes 195 Restrictions on citrus Barbados Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 196 Measures on US poultry China United States R 197 Regulation on Ocratoxin A European Colombia R in coffee 198 Regulation on aflatoxins European China NR and Ocratoxin A in foods for infants and young children 199 Deviation from international standard for wood packing material Spain, European United States R NR

17 STC Number Description of Measure Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue 200 Ban on food grade wax India United States R 201 Standards and Japan China NR specifications for food additives (boscalid) 202 Septoria controls on Korea, Republic of United States R horticultural products 203 Rule on materials derived from cattle and recordkeeping requirements United States Argentina, China NR 204 Notification by Members of implementation of ISPM 15 Certain Members European Slaughter of imported Bolivia, Plurinational State Mexico NR breeding cattle of 206 Inspection and testing Greece, European Canada R procedures for imported wheat 207 Directives on residual European China PR pesticide tolerance and inspection methods for tea 208 Food and feed hygiene European Canada NR rules 209 Plant health directive European United States NR 210 Restrictions on imports of Guatemala Mexico NR chicken meat 211 Restrictions on the transit Guatemala Mexico NR of avocados 212 Positive list system for Japan China, United PR pesticides, veterinary drugs and feed additives MRLs States of America 213 Restrictions on beef Japan United States NR imports 214 Inspection regime for food Panama United States R processing establishments 215 Public Health Regulation Thailand United States NR Restrictions on Ya pears United States China R imports 217 Import restrictions on apples Australia New Zealand NR 218 Lack of recognition of regionalization and disease-free status for classical swine fever 219 EurepGAP requirements for bananas 220 Proposed regulations for piper methysticum (kavakava) 221 Safety insurance and quality improvement standards for feed and feed additives Brazil European United Kingdom, European European Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Fiji Japan China R Status 7 R NR NR NR

18 STC Number Description of Measure 222 Import suspension of heat-processed straw and forage for feed 223 Import requirements for Indian mangoes 224 Restrictions on EC exports of plant and animal products Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue Japan China R Japan India NR Japan European 225 Restrictions on US poultry Mexico United States R 226 Inspection regime for Panama Costa Rica R agricultural products 227 BSE-related import Chinese Taipei United States NR restrictions on nonruminant products 228 Import procedures for United States European NR fruits and vegetables 229 Import restrictions on Canada Chinese Taipei R Enoki mushrooms 230 Phytosanitary Costa Rica Nicaragua R requirements on fresh oranges 231 Restrictions on cinnamon European Sri Lanka R 232 Import restrictions on EC Israel European R beef due to BSE 233 Phytosanitary import Israel European R legislation 234 Suspension of importation of live poultry and poultry carcasses Thailand Mexico NR 235 Import restrictions on EC exports of live birds, meat, meat products and other derivates due to avian influenza 236 Restrictions on beef exports under the Hilton Quota 237 Lack of regionalization for Newcastle disease and restrictions on live birds 238 Application and modification of the EU Regulation on Novel Foods 239 Tolerance levels for soil content on potato tubers 240 Biotech labelling and import approval process regulations 241 Import restrictions on wooden Christmas trees 242 Restrictions on US poultry exports 243 Lack of recognition of pest-free areas Certain Members 2006 Argentina Brazil European European European European Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Status 7 NR PR R NR NR Dominican Republic Canada NR India United States United States China R European Indonesia United States United States NR NR PR

19 STC Number Description of Measure 244 Importation of live animals and meat products 245 Restrictions on US pork and poultry imports 246 Import restrictions on products of animal origin due to dioxin 247 BSE-related measures on beef products 248 Regionalization for bovine and pig meat products 249 Reform of Australia's IRA process 250 Trade restrictions related to national systems for determining maximum residue levels (MRLs) for pesticides 251 Zero tolerance for pathogens on raw meat and poultry products 252 Zero tolerance for salmonella in poultry and eggs 253 Export certification requirements for dairy products 254 Animal health requirements for poultry meat 255 Application of regionalization and prohibition of bovine meat 256 Import restrictions on cooked poultry products from China 257 Import restrictions on cooked poultry products from China 258 Import restrictions on beef and beef products due to Blue Tongue disease 259 Avian influenza restrictions 260 Requirements for quarantine treatment of aircraft 261 Varietal restrictions on US apples 262 Restrictions on heattreated products in relation to avian influenza 263 Import restrictions on cooked and frozen meat Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue Indonesia Brazil NR Romania 2007 China United States European Korea, Republic of Canada R Korea, Republic of Brazil R Status 7 NR Australia European NR Certain Members Argentina NR China El Salvador India El Salvador United States United States United States United States China Brazil R R NR NR NR NR European China PR United States China R Certain Members European NR China United States NR Chile Argentina R China 2008 Egypt United States European NR Mexico Brazil NR R

20 STC Number Description of Measure Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue 264 Maximum residue levels European Ecuador NR for Ethephon in pineapple 265 Regulatory process United States Brazil NR economic analysis requirement 266 Price list for inspections Malaysia Brazil NR 267 Pesticide maximum Japan China, United NR residue level (MRL) enforcement system States of America 268 Import restrictions on EC United States European NR dairy products 269 Restrictions on apples United States China NR 270 Import restrictions on rice Mexico Pakistan R 271 Restrictions on imports of Mexico Brazil NR swine meat 272 Rapid Alert System regarding mango imports European Senegal NR 273 Health certificate ratification by national embassies 274 Korea's Livestock Epidemic Prevention Act 275 Restrictions on ractopamine in beef and pork 276 Maximum residue levels for pesticides in cacao 277 NAPPO draft standard for ships and cargoes from areas infested with Asian gypsy moth 278 Hygiene standard for distilled spirits and integrated alcoholic beverages 279 Import restrictions on pork products due to influenza A/H1N1 280 New meat import conditions 281 Import restrictions on gelatine from bovine hides and head skin due to BSE requirements 282 Measures on food products containing meat, poultry or processed egg products 283 Pesticide maximum residue levels (MRLs) 284 Rule on importation of wooden handicrafts from China 285 Import restrictions on fresh pork meat and beef Oman, Certain Members European Korea, Republic of Canada NR Chinese Taipei United States Status 7 R NR European Ecuador NR Canada, Mexico, United States China 2009 China Mexico NR Armenia; Bahrain, Kingdom of; China; Gabon; Indonesia; Jordan; Suriname Mexico NR Indonesia European NR Colombia Brazil R United States China NR Japan Brazil, Ecuador PR United States China R United States Brazil PR R

21 STC Number Description of Measure Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue 286 Import restrictions on Indonesia Brazil NR poultry meat 287 Import restrictions on South Africa Brazil PR fresh pork meat and beef 288 Import measures on Ukraine European R animals and animal products 289 Measures on catfish United States China NR 290 Suspension of inspection Venezuela, Bolivarian Colombia R and delivery of plant and animal health certificates for imports Republic of BSE Measures Chinese Taipei Canada NR 292 Prohibition of ornamental United States Costa Rica R plants larger than 18 inches 293 Risks arising from France, European Brazil NR Carambola fruit fly in French Guyana 294 Import restrictions on Malaysia Brazil NR plant and plant products 295 Artificial colour warning European United States NR labels 296 SPS notification practices China European NR 297 Registration requirement Canada China R for pet food export enterprises 298 Import restrictions on Colombia Brazil NR Brazilian beef 299 US 2009 Food Safety United States China, India NR Enhancement Act 300 Regulation (EC) No. European India NR 1099/ US risk analysis for the entry of queen bees United States Argentina NR 302 Restrictions on products derived from biotechnology 303 Import restrictions on poultry meat 304 Proposed MRL for 1- Methylcyclopropene in bananas 305 Import restrictions on beef and recognition of the principle of regionalization 306 Maximum residue levels of pesticides 307 Prohibition of certain food additives 308 Restrictions on bovines and bubalines for reproduction 309 Labelling of products of animal origin Turkey United States Status 7 NR Senegal Brazil NR Canada Ecuador NR Indonesia Brazil NR European India NR Japan India NR Brazil Colombia R Brazil European NR

22 STC Number Description of Measure 310 Measures on canned sardines 311 Restrictions on poultry and poultry products 312 Restrictions on beef exports due to BSErelated concerns 313 Import restrictions due to dioxin contamination in Germany Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue Brazil Morocco NR Albania, Croatia Chile R Mexico Nicaragua R 2011 Certain Members European 314 Ban on offals Viet Nam United States NR, European 315 Ukraine import restrictions Ukraine Mexico NR on poultry and poultry products 316 United States import United States Costa Rica NR restrictions on chrysanthemums 317 Mexico's BSE measures Mexico Canada NR 318 US failure to recognize United States Argentina NR South Patagonia as FMDfree and to import beef from north of the 42nd parallel 319 Chinese quarantine and China Norway NR testing procedures for salmon 320 Restrictions on imported Philippines United States NR fresh meat 321 Japan's MRLs applied to Japan Paraguay NR sesame 322 Polyamide and melamine European China; Hong NR plastic kitchenware Kong, China 323 Import restrictions on Malaysia European NR pork and pork products 324 China's requirement for China India NR registration and supervision of foreign enterprises 325 EU regulations on European Colombia, NR cadmium in cocoa Ecuador 326 Restrictions on table Thailand South Africa NR grapes, apples and pears 327 EU Court of Justice ruling European Argentina NR regarding pollen derived from GMOs 328 US default MRLs, limits of United States India R determination or limits of quantification on basmati rice Testing methods for food additives China India NR Status 7 R

23 STC Number Description of Measure Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue 330 Indonesia's port closures Indonesia China, PR European, New Zealand, United States 331 EU limits of aluminium in European China NR flour products 332 Restrictions related to FMD Japan Argentina NR 333 Trade restrictive measures due to the Schmallenberg Virus 334 MRLs for roasted and powdered coffee 335 EU testing of pesticide residues 336 US measures on fresh lemons from the north west region of Argentina 337 Delay in finalizing inspection procedures on bovine and poultry meat from Argentina 338 Import ban on live animals from the EU Certain Members European Chinese Taipei India R Status 7 NR European India NR United States Argentina NR Canada Argentina NR Russian Federation European NR 339 Restrictions on tomatoes United States Senegal NR 340 Requirements for Turkey Australia NR importation of sheep meat 341 Russia's listing of export Russian Federation European NR establishments 342 Restrictions on shrimp due Japan India R to anti-oxidant residues 343 Permits on horticultural Indonesia United States NR products 344 Measures on shrimp Brazil Ecuador NR Import conditions related China European R to phthalates 346 Ban on Bisphenol A France, European United States NR 347 Import restrictions on India Argentina NR apples, pears and citrus 348 EU quarantine measures on certain pine trees and other products European Russian Federation NR 349 MRLs for veterinary medicines in live animals 350 Prohibition of use and sale of treated seeds 351 EU temperature treatment requirements for imports of processed meat products 352 US proposed rule on good manufacturing practice for human food Costa Rica Panama NR European European United States Russian Federation NR NR United States China NR

24 STC Number Description of Measure 353 EU renewal of GMO approvals 354 Import restrictions in response to the Japanese nuclear power plant accident 355 EU import requirements for orchid tissue culture plantlets in flasks 356 Phytosanitary measures on citrus black spot 357 Accreditation of thirdparty bodies to conduct food safety audits and to issue certifications 358 Import conditions for pork and pork products 359 Strengthened import restrictions on fishery products with regard to radionuclides 360 Import policy on swallow nests 361 Non-recognition of testing laboratories for meat products 362 Import restrictions on beef due to BSE 363 Import restrictions on beef due to BSE 364 Import restrictions on beef due to BSE 365 Import conditions on poultry 366 Quarantine requirement for blueberries 367 Import requirements on traditional foods 368 Import restrictions on confectionary products 369 Import ban on live pigs and pork products due to African Swine Fever 370 US imports of meat from Brazil 371 Import requirements for blueberries and avocados 372 Import restrictions on certain types of plant products 373 US high cost of certification for mango exports 374 EU ban on mangoes and certain vegetables from India Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue European Argentina NR China, Certain Members Japan NR European Chinese Taipei NR European South Africa NR United States China NR India European NR Korea, Republic of Japan NR China Indonesia R Russian Federation India NR South Africa Brazil NR China Brazil NR Japan Brazil NR Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of European NR Japan Argentina NR Turkey Japan NR Russian Federation Ukraine NR 2014 Russian Federation European Status 7 NR United States Nicaragua NR India Chile NR Russian Federation European NR United States India NR European India NR

25 STC Number Description of Measure 375 US non-acceptance of OIE categorization for BSE 376 Australia's non-acceptance of OIE categorization for BSE 377 Brazil's regulation on international certificates for fish and fishery products 378 EU withdrawal of equivalence for processed organic products 379 Russia's market access requirements for bovine meat 380 Import restrictions on fruits and vegetables 381 Requirements for veterinary certificates 382 Categorization of compounds as endocrine disruptors 383 China's measures on bovine meat 384 General import restrictions due to African swine fever 385 General import restrictions due to highly pathogenic avian influenza 386 Measures on imports of hibiscus flowers 387 Chinese Taipei's strengthened import restrictions on food with regard to radionuclides 388 US proposed rule for user fees for agricultural quarantine and inspection services 389 Chinese import regime, including quarantine and testing procedures for fish 390 The Russian Federation's import restrictions on processed fishery products from Estonia and Latvia 391 Malaysia's import restrictions related to approval of poultry meat plants 392 China's import restrictions due to African swine fever 393 Korea's import restrictions due to African swine fever Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue United States India NR Australia India NR Brazil China NR European India NR Russian Federation India NR Russian Federation European NR Russian Federation Ukraine NR European United States Status 7 NR 2015 China India NR Certain Members Certain Members European European Mexico Nigeria R NR Chinese Taipei Japan NR United States Mexico NR China Norway NR Russian Federation European R NR Malaysia Brazil NR China Korea, Republic of European European NR NR

26 STC Number Description of Measure 394 Costa Rica's temporary suspension of the issuing of phytosanitary import certificates for avocados 395 China's proposed amendments to the implementation regulations on safety assessment of agricultural GMOs 396 EU proposal to amend Regulation (EC) No. 1829/2003 to allow EU member States to restrict or prohibit the use of genetically modified food and feed 397 India's amendment to its import policy conditions for apples; Restriction to Nhava Sheva port 398 Viet Nam's restrictions on fruit due to fruit flies 399 Viet Nam's restrictions on plant products 400 Undue delays in the start of Australia's risk analysis for avocados 401 Undue delays in Viet Nam's approval process for dairy and meat products 402 Undue delays in Australia's approval process for chicken meat 403 India's amended standards for food additives 404 South Africa's revised veterinary health certificates for the import of cattle, sheep and goats from Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland (G/SPS/N/ZAF/40) 405 China's import restrictions due to Schmallenberg virus 406 China's import restrictions due to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza 407 EU restrictions on exports of pork from the State of Santa Catarina 408 Nigerian restrictions on exports of beef and poultry Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Costa Rica China European India Member(s) Raising the Issue Guatemala, Mexico Paraguay, United States Argentina, Paraguay, United States Chile, New Zealand Status 7 NR NR NR PR Viet Nam Chile NR Viet Nam Chile NR Australia Chile NR Viet Nam Chile NR Australia Chile NR India European NR 2016 South Africa Namibia NR China China European European NR NR European Brazil NR Nigeria Brazil NR

27 STC Number Description of Measure 409 Russian Federation import measures 410 Costa Rica's regulation on registration, use and control of pesticides and related substances (G/SPS/N/CRI/48/Add.1) 411 Russian Federation import restrictions on certain animal products from Germany 412 EU MRLs for bitertanol, tebufenpyrad and chlormequat (G/SPS/N/EU/168) 413 Guatemala's restrictions on egg products 414 Indonesia's food safety measures affecting horticultural products and animal products 415 US seafood import monitoring programme 416 China's import ban on fresh mangosteen Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue Russian Federation Ukraine NR Costa Rica Israel NR Russian Federation European Status 7 NR European India NR Guatemala Mexico NR Indonesia Philippines NR United States China NR China Indonesia NR

28 SPECIFIC TRADE CONCERNS CONSIDERED IN A total of 37 STCs were brought to the attention of the Committee during 2016, of which 13 were new STCs (Table 2.1) and 24 had been raised previously (Table 2.2). Three out of the 24 previously raised STCs, were reported in 2016 as resolved or partially resolved (Table 2.3) Chart 2.1 shows all the STCs raised in the Committee or for which a resolution was reported in 2016, divided by the subject covered by the STC. Overall, 16 STCs (43%) relate to food safety, eight STCs (22%) relate to other concerns and four STCs (11%) relate to plant health. The remaining nine STCs (24%) relate to animal health and zoonoses, although this category includes issues that are also relevant to food safety, such as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Among the nine animal health STCs raised in 2016, two STCs (22%) refer to TSEs, one STC (11%) refers to foot-and-mouth disease and one STC (11%) to avian influenza. The remaining five (56%) STCs refer to other animal health issues. Chart 2.1 STCs by Subject 2016 Chart STCs Related to Animal Health & Zoonoses 2016

29 Chart Participation of Members in STCs Of the 37 STCs that were discussed in 2016, including those resolved or partially resolved, 17 were raised by 19 developed country Members 8, while 23 STCs were raised by 27 developing country Members. 9 In 2016, no STCs were raised by least-developed country Members Seven STCs were supported by 12 developed country Members and 11 STCs were supported by 57 developing country Members. Developing and developed country Members have raised or supported the same STC nine times. Three STCs were supported by 11 least-developed country Members In 12 STCs, the measure at issue was maintained by a developed country Member, and in 24 STCs it was maintained by a developing country Member. One STC was referred to measures maintained by "certain Members", possibly including developed and developing country Members. No STCs regarding measures maintained by a least-developed country Member were raised in In 2016, panel proceedings occurred in the context of the WTO dispute settlement system with respect to four STCs (185, 286, 359 and 369) Table 2.1 presents STCs according to the Member(s) maintaining the measures at issue in the order of the alphabetic list of WTO Members. It provides a summary of the discussions on each STC in the SPS Committee in Two of these STCs were raised by two developed country Members. 9 One of these STCs was raised by three developing country Members; and two of these STCs were raised by two developing country Members each. 10 STCs can be raised, maintained or supported by more than one Member, which explains the apparent double-counting shown in Charts 2.2 and 2.3 compared with the overall count of the 416 STCs raised since 1995.

30 Table 2.1 STCs Raised for the First Time in 2016 STC Number Description of Measure 404 South Africa's revised veterinary health certificates for the import of cattle, sheep and goats from Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland (G/SPS/N/ZAF/40) 405 China's import restrictions due to Schmallenberg virus 406 China's import restrictions due to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza 407 EU restrictions on exports of pork from the State of Santa Catarina 408 Nigerian restrictions on exports of beef and poultry 409 Russian Federation import measures 410 Costa Rica's regulation on registration, use and control of pesticides and related substances (G/SPS/N/CRI/48/Add.1) 411 Russian Federation import restrictions on certain animal products from Germany 412 EU MRLs for bitertanol, tebufenpyrad and chlormequat (G/SPS/N/EU/168) 413 Guatemala's restrictions on egg products 414 Indonesia's food safety measures affecting horticultural products and animal products 415 US seafood import monitoring programme 416 China's import ban on fresh mangosteen Member(s) Maintaining the Measure Member(s) Raising the Issue South Africa Namibia NR China European NR China European NR European Brazil NR Nigeria Brazil NR Russian Federation Ukraine NR Costa Rica Israel NR Russian Federation European NR European India NR Guatemala Mexico NR Indonesia Philippines NR United States China NR China Indonesia NR Status NR = Not Reported, PR = Partially Resolved, R = Resolved.

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