Youths and labour market in Cameroon in 2010
|
|
- Malcolm Byrd
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 REPUBLIQUE DU CAMEROUN Paix- Travail- Patrie REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON Peace- Work- Fatherland INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA STATISTIQUE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS Youths and labour market in Cameroon in 2010 June 2011 BP 134 Yaounde. Tél. : (237) Fax : (237) Site Web: 1
2 Youths and labour market in Cameroon in 2010 PRESENTATION NOTE The decision to recruit 25,000 young Cameroonians, taken by the President of the Republic on the 10 th February 2011, will induce a new and positive momentum on the labour market. On the basis of that decision, the Prime Minister, Head of Government, immediately set up the organs in charged of conducting the operations. It is necessary to point out that this important decision is part of the implementation of the Growth and Employment Strategy. The private sector will have to fit in after the Government, since the Public Service cannot alone bring down unemployment, notably youths unemployment. The decision intervenes in a socio-economic context, characterised by a strong employment demand on the labour market, where the modern sector of the economy, according to the findings of the second national Survey on Employment and the Informal Sector (EESI 2), only covers about 10% of employments, the remaining being supplied by the informal sector, generally in precarious conditions. The portion of the population targeted (17-40 years old) by this recruitment constitutes an important demographic weight, which accounts for roughly 37% of the total population. Within this age group, unemployment is a widespread phenomenon, especially in the major metropolises, Yaounde and Douala. Even if the unemployment rate as defined by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) remains apparently low, it is highly overshadowed by global underemployment (a kind of hidden unemployment), which affects more than 70% of persons in activity. The higher education graduates are the most affected by unemployment and underemployment for those who are employed. Undoubtedly, for the evident reason of job security, the majority of unemployed youths, especially those of the secondary or higher education level, prefer paid jobs in the Public Service or the modern private sector. The monthly wage expectations of these young unemployed stands on average at 119,500 CFA F and increases with the level of education to 201,500 CFA F for NHD holders or equivalent diplomas and 400,000 CFA F for doctorate graduates. Such indications could be usefully exploited in the setting up of the budgetary framework related to the recruitment of the 25,000 public agents. 2
3 INTRODUCTION The Head of State has decided, on the 10 th February 2011, on the recruitment of 25,000 persons in the Public Service for the year The hope of thousands of young Cameroonians will thereby become reality. On the occasion of his traditional message to the youth, the Head of State has decided on the recruitment, for the year 2011, of 25,000 public agents aged between 17 and 40 years in the Public Service. This decision, of a major political and socioeconomic range, has been hailed by all the populations. The latter consider it as a prior solution to the thorny issue of unemployment, notably the unemployment of young graduates, among whom some have desperately been seeking a job for more than a decade. The transition of the decision to action has been immediate, as the Government has mobilized itself swiftly. By decree N 040/CAB/PM of the 18 th February 2011, the Prime Minister, Head of Government, has materialized into facts the decision by setting up two organs, namely the coordination and supervision Commission (composed of 15 members and representatives of sectoral ministries) and the technical Committee (comprising 12 members). These organs are each in charge of ensuring the materialization of the recruitment of the 25,000 agents in the Public Service. The Commission, placed under the supervision of the Prime Minister, Head of Government, orients, coordinates and evaluates the operations inherent to the recruitment of 25,000 young graduates in the Public Service. The technical Committee, placed under the authority of the Minister of Public Service, steers the operation of recruitment of these 25,000 public agents. I- STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK OF RECRUITMENTS The recruitment of 25,000 public agents intervenes in the second year of implementation of the Growth and Employment Strategy Paper (GESP), which gives prime importance to employment. Cameroon adopted in 2009 its Growth and Employment Strategy Paper (GESP). This GESP, of which the first phase covers the period till 2020, will have to foster the rise of Cameroon to the rank of a country with an emergent economy by 2035, according to the Vision Cameroon gave itself. The GESP bestows prime importance to employment, which constitutes the second pillar of this strategy. The first pillar pertains to economic growth, which must be beyond 7% per annum over a long period. The GESP acknowledges that if growth, albeit strong and sustainable, does not generate decent jobs, it would not be of satisfactory quality as it might induce wage inequalities and social strife. The labour market, in light of the findings of the second Survey on Employment and the Informal Sector (EESI 2), carried out by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) in 2010, enables to get an information base for the evaluation of the employment section of the GESP. This operation is part of the National Strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS) adopted and being implemented since 2009 by the Government. 3
4 EESI 2, carried out by the NIS in 2010, can be tapped for getting the overall situation of the labour market and obtaining the elements of the profile of the people likely to be candidates for the recruitment. II- SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT The recruitments will done in a context marked by a labour market mainly characterised by the predominance of precarious employments which are mostly created in the informal sector. The Head of State s decision intervenes in a context marked by an economic growth, which was at 1.9% in 2009, must have stood around 3% in 2010 and is projected to be around 3.8% in Inflation was roughly 1.3% in 2010, lower by 1.7 point in comparison with 2009, thanks to the measures undertaken by the authorities for fighting speculation and guaranteeing a better purveying of markets with staples. Following the definitions in force at the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the labour market situation is as follows for the people aged 10 years or more, considered as population at working age. 2.1 Labour market dynamism In 2010, the rate of activity of people aged 10 years or more decreased by a little more than 2 points as compare to The informal sector is by far the greatest supplier of jobs, however precarious. The rate of activity is one of the indicators that enable to appreciate the labour market dynamics. Its fluctuations give an indication of the market capacity to open or close to job creation. At a level of 69.0% in 2010, the rate of activity decreased by 2.5 points as compare to its 2005 value. Despite this fall, such a level of activity highlights the will of the population to implement every possible strategy so as to get out of poverty and reduce its socio-economic dependence. Considering only the population aged between 15 and 64 years, the rate of activity which is 77.1%, has decreased of more than 2 points as compare to its 2005 level. For the years old, its value was 35.9% in 2010, as against 39.9% in The activity of this age group is especially seen in the context of the economic exploitation of children, a practice condemned by the law. This overall average level of activity veils strong regional disparities. Indeed, the Littoral (excluding Douala), the Centre (excluding Yaounde) and the West regions, with more than 8 active persons out of 10 of working age, stand apart from the other regions. Whereas at the other end, Adamawa region has the lowest rate of activity which is about 6 active persons over 10. The participation in the labour market is clearly higher in the rural area than in the urban one. Indeed, almost three persons of working age out of four in the rural area have an employment or are seeking thereof, against three out of five in the urban area. The informal sector remains by far the greatest supplier of jobs, since 90.5% of workers operate in this sector. 4
5 2.2 The labour market disequilibria: Unemployment and underemployment Unemployment definition according to ILO does not enable to appraise the labour market situation. ILO s definitions, applied as such to the labour market situation of all countries, especially those of the Sub-Saharan Africa, do not allow an optimal and thorough characterization of national situations. In fact, according to the ILO, an active person is considered as unemployed if he has got no job or has not worked for at least an hour over the 7 days preceding the survey and is seeking a job and is ready to work immediately. As of expanded unemployment, it regroups the unemployed as defined by the ILO, to which is added the discouraged unemployed, who, although not having sought a job during the reference period, remain available if they were proposed one. It is for this reason that a relevant analysis of the situation leads us to consider other indicators of possible labour market disequilibria. It is notably the underemployment, which integrates the level of remuneration, the activity income and the number of working hours Unemployment Between 2005 and 2010, the unemployment rate decreased by nearly 1 point, from 4.4% to 3.8%. The number of unemployed (according to the ILO s definition) stabilized around 350,000 people. Unemployment is essentially firstinsertion unemployment, which mostly affects the youths and the higher education graduates. The analysis of the phenomenon with respect to the age of individuals reveals that the average age of the unemployed stands at 27 years. This average age varies very little with respect to the sex. It is roughly 28 years old for men and about 27 years old for women. The unemployment rate increases with the level of education. Indeed, it is under 9% for individuals with at most the secondary education level and 13% for those of the higher education. The average duration of unemployment stands at 38.5 months, and 56.2% of unemployed persons are first-time jobseekers. These unemployed persons are not ready to exercise just any type of employment. They seek an employment corresponding to their qualifications. Actually, if the unemployment rate is so low and undoubtedly close to an incompressible level, it is because it is not a good indicator of the labour market tensions. In the absence of compensations, remaining unemployed is only possible when one belongs to a relatively wealthy family likely to take care of unemployed members. Like in most developing countries, underemployment, which is a sort of hidden unemployment, provides a better measure of the insufficiency/inadequacy of job supply. 5
6 2.2.2 Underemployment Visible underemployment affects 14.8% of the active occupied population. There is visible and invisible underemployment. Visible underemployment concerns the people who, involuntarily, work less than 40 hours a week. It affects 14.8% of the active occupied population. This phenomen is in general observed more in the urban area (16.9%) than in the rural one (13.8%). As regards invisible underemployment, it affects 63.7% of the active occupied persons, women in particular. Invisible underemployment concerns the workers whose remuneration is lower than the guaranteed hourly minimum wage (the equivalent of 28,500 CFA F per month for 40 working hours per week). This form of underemployment affects 63.7% of workers. The active women account for 71.8% in this phenomen, against 56.3% for men. It is in the agricultural informal sector that this situation is more frequent: It concerns 81.4% of the active occupied persons, against 20.0% in the private formal sector and 12.3% in the public sector. Global, underemployment affects 71.9% of the active people, with some found in the public sector. Global underemployment concerns the unemployed active people according to the ILO s definition and the employed active people who are in visible or invisible underemployment. It affects 71.9% of the active population. This rate is 65.1% for men and 79.2% for women. This phenomenon affects 36.7% of the active population in the public sector, 27.5% in the private formal sector, 62.0% in the non-agricultural informal sector and 83.7% in the agricultural informal sector. Graph 1: Rate of global underemployment with respect to sex and the activity sector Between 2005 and 2010, the rate of invisible underemployment has dropped by 5.6 points, from 69.3% to 63.7%. If one considers the global underemployment indicator, which cumulates together the two forms of underemployment, the decrease is also significant. Whereas underemployment affected 75.8% of the active population in 2005, 71.9% 1 of active occupied persons are affected in Visible underemployment has been computed on the basis of 35 hours so as to facilitate the comparison with 2005.
7 III- PROFILE OF THE POTENTIAL CANDIDATES TO THE RECRUITMENT 3.1 Their main characteristics On the basis of demographic projections, the population aged between 17 and 40 years is estimated at 7,257,881 people, that is 37.4% of the whole population in 2010, the latter comprising 50.4% of women and 49.6% of men. With respect to the repartition by region and the residence area, the proportion of the years old is higher in Yaounde (48.3%), Douala (47.6%), the South-West (44.1%) and the South (40.1%). Moreover, these youths represent 45.0% of the population in urban area and 32.7% in the rural area. Furthermore, almost 1 person out of 10 holds a higher education diploma. Apart from CEP/CEPE/FSLC holders, among whom there are more women than men, there are almost as many women as men among the holders of the other diplomas. Graph 2: Repartition of the graduates of the years (%) This population is composed of 29.3% non-graduates, as against 70.7% graduates. With respect to sex, there are 50.4% of women who hold a diploma, as against 49.6% for men. Globally, 4 persons out of 10 are CEPE/CEP or FSLC holders. 3.2 Levels of activity and unemployment The rate of activity of the years old is 76.2% and varies from 60.7% in the Adamawa region to 87.8% in the Centre region (excluding Yaounde). Graph 3: ILO activity rate of the years old with respect to the survey region 7
8 women are more discouraged than men in job-seeking. On the regional plan, besides the great metropolises of Douala (12.1%) and Yaounde (12.4%), young people of the Adamawa and South-West regions are the most concerned by unemployment, with figures greater than the national average. It is worth pointing out that the phenomenon is more intensified in the urban area, where the average rate is 11.4%, than in the rural one (4.3%). The level of education does not seem to constitute a shield against unemployment. The unemployment rate is generally higher for persons with the higher education level. It is 13.7% among BAC/GCEAL/BEP holders, 22.8% among BTS/DUT/DEUG/ NHD holders, 15.7% among Licence/BD holders and 10.4% among Maîtrise/DEA/ Master/MBA holders. Graph 4: ILO unemployment rate, according to the highest diploma (%) 3.3 Profile of the years old in unemployment situation The average age of the graduates of the years who are in the situation of unemployment is 25.9 years. This shows that the youths are the most concerned by unemployment. This statistic raises the problem of the insertion of youths in the labour market after their training. Furthermore, one notices that the unemployed women are a little younger (25.6 years old) than the unemployed men (26.3 years old). The youths who already have some work experience are on average older by three years than those with no experience (first-time job-seekers). The average number of years of studies among the unemployed is 11.2 years: It means that these unemployed have successfully completed the class of 2 nde /Form 5 of secondary education. The urban area unemployed have attended on average one more year of studies than those of the rural area. With respect to sex, it is observed that, among the unemployed, men attend about one more year of studies than women. When first-time job-seekers are compared with those already having some work experience, it emerges no difference regarding the average number of years of studies. 3.4 Profile of the underemployed likely to be candidates It will be possible to find among the candidates for recruitment, persons who are presently in the situation of underemployment in the informal sector. 8 Given the weight of the informal sector in our economy that offers nearly 90% of jobs, it may happen that underemployed graduates apply. Among the years old having a job, 60.7% are in the situation of global underemployment. This level of
9 underemployment is higher for women (70.9%) than for men (52.5%), in the rural area (68.5%) than in the urban one (55.7%). The level of global underemployment among the years old varies with respect to the region of residence. It is lower in the metropolis of Douala (49.1%), in the East (54.0%), the South (55.3%) and the South-West (55.2%) regions. The BTS/DUT/DEUG and Maîtrise/DEA/ MBA graduates are the least concerned by this phenomenon. In fact, 40% of them are in the situation of underemployment. 3.5 Characteristics of the unemployed Within this age group, women are more affected by unemployment than underemployment As in all the country's total population, among the unemployed aged 17-40, there are more women than men (64.9%, against 35.1%). These unemployed are mostly first-time job-seekers. In fact, 59.5% of them are first-time job-seekers against only 40.5% who already have some work experience. Besides, this unemployment is of long duration as 56.4% of these unemployed have been seeking work for more than one year the average duration since unemployment being 34.3 months. This duration is higher in the rural area (46.2 months) than in the urban one (31.2 months). Graph 5: Characteristics of the unemployed IV- PREFERENCES OF THE UNEMPLOYED The majority of the unemployed, for reasons of job security, prefer public sector s or formal private sector s jobs. Among the unemployed, 65.9% prefer being wage earners in the public sector or in the formal private sector, 21.6% lean towards independent work and 12.4% are indifferent. With regard to the level of education, almost 8 unemployed persons out of 10 of the higher education level prefer a salaried job, unlike those of the secondary education level, who are 26.2% to prefer an independent employment. It is not therefore excluded that some people who already work in the informal sector should be candidates to the recruitment. Graph 6: Jobs sought by the graduates of the years (%) 9
10 V- WAGE EXPECTATIONS OF THE YEARS OLD The wage expectations of the candidates to the recruitment stand averagely around 119,412 CFA F per month. This average increases with the diploma to a maximum of almost 400,000 CFA F per month for holders of at least the doctorate degree. The objective of the authorities is to reinforce human resources in administrations at every level and, concomitantly, resolve the thorny problem of unemployment, notably that of the youths. The positive effect expected by administrations is the engagement, the devotion to work and the good productivity of the young people recruited. The motivation linked to the recruitment in the Public Service must be accompanied by the motivation linked to the remuneration. Graph 7: Wage expectations among the educated persons aged between 17 and 40 years with respect to sex (in thousands of CFA F) and 99,484 CFA F for women). These wage expectations vary with the diploma. In fact, they increase from approximately 70,728 CFA F for FSLC (or equivalent diplomas) holders to 201,416 CFA F for NHD (or equivalent diplomas) holders and 400,000 CFA F for Doctorate holders. Furthermore, independently of the diploma, wage expectations of men are systematically higher than those of women. Wage expectations are not rigid, because candidates may accept monthly salaries inferior to 41.0% roughly of their initial expectations. Graph 8: Reservation wage among the educated persons aged between 17 and 40 years with respect to sex (in thousands of CFA F) If one considers only the people of this age group having at least a diploma, the average monthly wage expectations is 119,412 CFA F (156,323 CFA F for men 76.2% of the unemployed are ready to revise their expectations down ward in case of prolonged unemployment. The reservation wage, which is the minimum acceptable wage stands on average at 70,338 CFA F per month, that is 41.1% (more than two-fifth) below wage expectations. 10
11 CONCLUSION The unemployment of youths of the years is a very intensified phenomenon in the urban area. The cities of Douala and Yaounde display the highest levels of youth unemployment and underemployment. The higher education graduates are the most affected. These young people have a higher preference for salaried jobs, and this will increase the pressure. They are not ready to exercise just any type of employment. The Government will have to find the adequate incentives for the modern private sector to fit in. The wage expectations expressed seem to be on average reasonable, except for some graduates, whose expectations cannot be met given the current Public Service s salary scale. Most candidates will be ready to accept the proposed remuneration, provided the other working conditions and the career profile be clearly defined. 11
12 ANNEX Table 1: Rate of underemployment (in %) for the population in general DOUALA YAOUNDE URBAIN RURAL TOTAL Rate of visible underemployment (in %) 13,5 20,0 16,9 13,8 14,8 Men 11,4 15,7 14,6 14,9 14,8 Women 16,4 25,3 19,8 12,7 14,9 Public sector 11,2 27,8 24,4 36,7 28,5 Formal private sector 6,6 8,5 7,4 13,0 8,7 Non-agricultural informal sector 15,3 18,6 17,2 20,8 18,5 Agricultural informal sector 9,0 27,5 13,9 10,9 11,1 Rate of invisible underemployment (in %) 32,0 38,5 42,9 74,4 63,7 Men 24,0 32,1 35,1 68,5 56,3 Women 42,9 46,4 52,9 80,3 71,8 Public sector 8,7 8,7 7,9 21,2 12,3 Formal private sector 11,4 19,5 16,2 32,7 20,0 Non-agricultural informal sector 37,2 48,1 46,9 57,9 51,0 Agricultural informal sector 61,0 35,4 75,6 81,8 81,4 Rate of global underemployment (ILO) (in %) 41,3 53,8 54,3 79,2 71,9 Men 36,7 49,3 49,1 74,8 65,1 Women 59,2 69,0 68,9 84,3 79,2 Public sector 19,9 34,8 31,4 47,1 36,7 Formal private sector 17,7 26,9 22,9 42,3 27,5 Non-agricultural informal sector 47,2 60,9 58,0 69,0 62,0 Agricultural informal sector 65,9 57,9 79,9 84,0 83,7 Table 2: Wage expectations and reservation wages for the educated people of the years Monthly wage expectation (CFA F) Accept to revise their wage expectations down ward unemployment lasts (in %) Reservation wage (CFA F) Expected number of working hours per week Men CEPE/CEP/FSLC BEPC/CAP/GCEOL Probatoire/BP BAC/GCEAL/BEP BTS/DUT/DEUG/NHD Licence/Bachelor Degree Maîtrise/DEA/Masters/MBA or more Women CEPE/CEP/FSLC BEPC/CAP/GCEOL Probatoire/BP BAC/GCEAL/BEP BTS/DUT/DEUG/NHD Licence/Bachelor Degree Maîtrise/DEA/Masters/MBA or more Total CEPE/CEP/FSLC BEPC/CAP/GCEOL Probatoire/BP BAC/GCEAL/BEP BTS/DUT/DEUG/NHD Licence/Bachelor Degree Maîtrise/DEA/Masters/MBA or more
Visegrad Youth. Comparative review of the situation of young people in the V4 countries
Visegrad Youth Comparative review of the situation of young people in the V4 countries This research was funded by the partnership between the European Commission and the Council of Europe in the field
More informationPromoting growth through inclusive labor market policieies and institutions
Kingdom of MOROCCO Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs THIRD INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON EMPLOYMENT POLICIES Organized by the Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs of the Kingdom of MOROCCO in collaboration
More informationRev. soc. polit., god. 25, br. 3, str , Zagreb 2018.
doi: 10.3935/rsp.v25i3.1522 ESTIMATING LABOUR MARKET SLACK IN THE EUROPEAN UNION John Hurley and Valentina Patrini Dublin: Eurofound, 2017., 56 str. In the social policy and political discussions sufficient
More informationConference on What Africa Can Do Now To Accelerate Youth Employment. Organized by
Conference on What Africa Can Do Now To Accelerate Youth Employment Organized by The Olusegun Obasanjo Foundation (OOF) and The African Union Commission (AUC) (Addis Ababa, 29 January 2014) Presentation
More informationINDUSTRY BRIEF PROSPECTUS. Working in Saudi Arabia: A Labor Market Update.
2017 INDUSTRY BRIEF PROSPECTUS Working in Saudi Arabia: A Labor Market Update www.us-sabc.org Disclaimer The information that is published in this report was analyzed and compiled from sources believed
More informationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/2009/I/3/Add.4 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 12 January 2009 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
More informationYouth disadvantage in the labour market: Empirical evidence from nine developing countries
2012/ED/EFA/MRT/PI/38 Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2012 Youth and skills: Putting education to work Youth disadvantage in the labour market: Empirical evidence
More informationYouth labour market overview
1 Youth labour market overview With 1.35 billion people, China has the largest population in the world and a total working age population of 937 million. For historical and political reasons, full employment
More informationFact Sheet WOMEN S PARTICIPATION IN THE PALESTINIAN LABOUR FORCE: males
Fact Sheet WOMEN S PARTICIPATION IN THE PALESTINIAN LABOUR FORCE: -11 This fact sheet (1) presents an overview of women s employment status in terms of labour force participation, unemployment and terms
More informationQUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF RURAL WORKFORCE RESOURCES IN ROMANIA
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF RURAL WORKFORCE RESOURCES IN ROMANIA Elena COFAS University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania, 59 Marasti, District 1, 011464, Bucharest, Romania,
More informationAttracting Highly Qualified and Qualified Third- Country Nationals to Italy
Attracting Highly Qualified and Qualified Third- Country Nationals to Italy EMN France National Conference Paris, 18 October 2013 Italian labour market: an overview Despite the fact that Italy is experiencing
More informationLabor Force Statistics Vol. 1: Unemployment and Underemployment Report (Q1-Q3 2017)
Labor Force Statistics Vol. 1: and Underemployment Report (Q1-Q3 2017) Report Date: December 2017 Contents Summary 1 Definition and Methodology 3 Labor Force and Non-Labor Force and Underemployment 3 8
More informationSTRENGTHENING RURAL CANADA: Fewer & Older: The Coming Population and Demographic Challenges in Rural Newfoundland & Labrador
STRENGTHENING RURAL CANADA: Fewer & Older: The Coming Population and Demographic Challenges in Rural Newfoundland & Labrador An Executive Summary 1 This paper has been prepared for the Strengthening Rural
More informationSpatial Inequality in Cameroon during the Period
AERC COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH ON GROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION Spatial Inequality in Cameroon during the 1996-2007 Period POLICY BRIEF English Version April, 2012 Samuel Fambon Isaac Tamba FSEG University
More informationIndonesia Leading the Way in Tackling the Youth Employment Challenge
Indonesia Leading the Way in Tackling the Youth Employment Challenge Policies on Employment and Vocational Training for Young Persons in Asian Countries Decent Work for Young People Tokyo, 27 28 September
More informationThe global dimension of youth employment with special focus on North Africa
The global dimension of youth employment with special focus on North Africa Joint seminar of the European Parliament and EU Agencies 30 June 2011 1. Youth employment in ETF partner countries: an overview
More informationWork and income SLFS 2016 in brief. The Swiss Labour Force Survey. Neuchâtel 2017
03 Work and income 363-1600 SLFS 2016 in brief The Swiss Labour Force Survey Neuchâtel 2017 Published by: Information: Editors: Series: Topic : Original text: Translation: Layout: Graphics: Front page:
More informationNational Report on the Educational Counselling Services and Vocational Training of Immigrants in Greece
MOVE ON 2 nd Project Meeting, Athens, 17 th of June 2016 National Report on the Educational Counselling Services and Vocational Training of Immigrants in Greece Methodology Qualitative research was undertaken
More informationTERMS OF REFERENCE NATIONAL CONSULTANT ILO/UNHCR JOINT PROJECT
TERMS OF REFERENCE NATIONAL CONSULTANT ILO/UNHCR JOINT PROJECT Project Title: ILO/UNHCR Joint Consultancy to map institutional capacity and opportunities for refugee inclusion in social protection mechanisms
More informationInclusive growth and development founded on decent work for all
Inclusive growth and development founded on decent work for all Statement by Mr Guy Ryder, Director-General International Labour Organization International Monetary and Financial Committee Washington D.C.,
More informationSUMMARY LABOUR MARKET CONDITIONS POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE. UNRWA PO Box Sheikh Jarrah East Jerusalem
UNRWA PO Box 19149 Sheikh Jarrah East Jerusalem +97225890400 SUMMARY The Gaza labour market in secondhalf 2010 (H2 2010) showed growth in employment and unemployment relative to H2 2009. Comparing H1 and
More informationDECENT WORK IN TANZANIA
International Labour Office DECENT WORK IN TANZANIA What do the Decent Work Indicators tell us? INTRODUCTION Work is central to people's lives, and yet many people work in conditions that are below internationally
More informationAddressing the situation and aspirations of youth
Global Commission on THE FUTURE OF WORK issue brief Prepared for the 2nd Meeting of the Global Commission on the Future of Work 15 17 February 2018 Cluster 1: The role of work for individuals and society
More informationTen Years of the National Basic Livelihood Security System and Working Poor Women
Ten Years of the National Basic Livelihood Security System and Working Poor Women English Research Paper - 11 Jongsoog Kim Seon-Mee Shin Contents 1 Ten Years of the National Basic Livelihood Security
More informationUnderstanding Employment Situation of Women: A District Level Analysis
International Journal of Gender and Women s Studies June 2014, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 167-175 ISSN: 2333-6021 (Print), 2333-603X (Online) Copyright The Author(s). 2014. All Rights Reserved. Published by American
More informationAbout half the population of the Kyrgyz
Building a fair society Kyrgyzstan s unions and poverty reduction In Kyrgyzstan, trade unions have been closely involved in drawing up and implementing the National Poverty Reduction Programme. They believe
More informationThe European Parliament, the Council and the Commission solemnly proclaim the following text as the European Pillar of Social Rights
The European Parliament, the Council and the Commission solemnly proclaim the following text as the European Pillar of Social Rights EUROPEAN PILLAR OF SOCIAL RIGHTS Preamble (1) Pursuant to Article 3
More informationJ0MUN XIII INTRODUCTION KEY TERMS. JoMUN XIII APQ. Addressing the issue of widespread unemployment, especially among youths
J0MUN XIII JoMUN XIII Forum: Issue: Student Officer: Position: Advisory Panel Addressing the issue of widespread unemployment, especially among youths Tomini Fashina President INTRODUCTION Widespread unemployment
More informationHow to Generate Employment and Attract Investment
How to Generate Employment and Attract Investment Beatrice Kiraso Director UNECA Subregional Office for Southern Africa 1 1. Introduction The African Economic Outlook (AEO) is an annual publication that
More informationYouth labour market overview
0 Youth labour market overview Turkey is undergoing a demographic transition. Its population comprises 74 million people and is expected to keep growing until 2050 and begin ageing in 2025 i. The share
More informationEuropean Anti-Poverty Network (EAPN) Ireland Submission to Action Plan for Jobs 2018
European Anti-Poverty Network (EAPN) Ireland Submission to Action Plan for Jobs 2018 The European Anti-Poverty Network (EAPN) Ireland welcomes the opportunity to make a submission to the Action Plan for
More informationCEDAW/C/2002/II/3/Add.4
United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CEDAW/C/2002/II/3/Add.4 Distr.: General 8 May 2002 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
More information1 Introduction Problem Statement
1 Introduction All business activities and the output of an economy depend on the resources established during the production process such as raw materials, capital and labour. Those production factors
More informationDoes the Czech Economy Make Efficient Use of Non-EU Labour Migrants?
Does the Czech Economy Make Efficient Use of Non-EU Labour Migrants? For a number of years the Czech Republic has witnessed one of the largest growths in immigrant populations in Europe. Despite the fact
More informationTERMS OF REFERENCE NATIONAL CONSULTANT ILO/UNHCR JOINT PROJECT
TERMS OF REFERENCE NATIONAL CONSULTANT ILO/UNHCR JOINT PROJECT Project Title: ILO/UNHCR Joint Consultancy to map institutional capacity and opportunities for refugee integration through employment in Mexico
More informationPost-Secondary Education, Training and Labour September Profile of the New Brunswick Labour Force
Post-Secondary Education, Training and Labour September 2018 Profile of the New Brunswick Labour Force Contents Population Trends... 2 Key Labour Force Statistics... 5 New Brunswick Overview... 5 Sub-Regional
More informationMODULE I Overall Framework on Domestic Work
MODULE I Overall Framework on Domestic Work The ILO Perspective Decent work for ALL. Decent work - term= everyone s basic aspirations: Employment in conditions of freedom, dignity Recognition of basic
More informationSaudi Arabia Country Research for YCI Feasibility
Saudi Arabia Country Research for YCI Feasibility Demographically, Saudi Arabia presents an excellent environment for conducting a YCI programme. Employment in the private sector has been a particular
More informationPolicy Brief on Labour Force
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Policy Brief on Labour Force Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population With technical assistance
More informationCountry Paper to be Presented in the Symposium
Country Paper to be Presented in the Symposium on Globalization and the Future of Youth in Asia ---Towards the Creation of a Society where Young People Participate actively in the Working Life and Demonstrate
More informationTotal age in years
Figure. % children in employment, 7-14 years age group, 2009 % in employmen nt 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2.9 3.2 4.7 5.2 5.6 8.3 10.7 13.5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total age in years 6.6 Almost 7% of 7-14 year-olds,
More informationIntroduction and overview
Introduction and overview 1 Sandrine Cazes Head, Employment Analysis and Research Unit, International Labour Office Sher Verick Senior Employment Specialist, ILO Decent Work Team for South Asia PERSPECTIVES
More informationPRE-CONFERENCE SEMINAR FOR ELECTED WOMEN LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEADERS
PRE-CONFERENCE SEMINAR FOR ELECTED WOMEN LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEADERS Thème : "Strengthening Women s Leadership in Local Government for Effective Decentralized Governance and Poverty Reduction in Africa: Roles,
More informationThe Strategy on Labour Migration, Combating Human Trafficking and Forced labour of Confederation of Trade Unions of Armenia ( )
The Strategy on Labour Migration, Combating Human Trafficking and Forced labour of Confederation of Trade Unions of Armenia (2009-2012) The presented strategy is directed to organize the activities of
More informationLabour Market Research Division Department of Employment Ministry of Labour July 24th, 2012
Research Division Department of Employment Ministry of Labour July 24th, 2012 Research Division Administration Subsection Analyzing Section Managing And Developing Data Section Section East Region (Rayong
More informationRegional Disparities in Employment and Human Development in Kenya
Regional Disparities in Employment and Human Development in Kenya Jacob Omolo 1 jackodhong@yahoo.com; omolo.jacob@ku.ac.ke ABSTRACT What are the regional disparities in employment and human development
More informationKILM 12. Time-related underemployment
KILM 12. Time-related underemployment Introduction This indicator relates to the number of employed persons whose hours of work in the reference period are insufficient in relation to a more desirable
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 20 March 2015 English Original: Spanish Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Concluding observations on the fourth periodic report
More informationMagdalena Bonev. University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria
China-USA Business Review, June 2018, Vol. 17, No. 6, 302-307 doi: 10.17265/1537-1514/2018.06.003 D DAVID PUBLISHING Profile of the Bulgarian Emigrant in the International Labour Migration Magdalena Bonev
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 21 October 2016 English Original: Spanish E/C.12/CRI/CO/5 Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Concluding observations on the fifth
More informationIntention to stay and labor migration of Albanian doctors and nurses
Intention to stay and labor migration of Albanian doctors and nurses Ertila DRUGA 3 rd Conference, LSEE Research Network on Social Cohesion in SEE Social Cohesion and Economic Governance 6-7 April 2017,
More informationExecutive summary. Strong records of economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region have benefited many workers.
Executive summary Strong records of economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region have benefited many workers. In many ways, these are exciting times for Asia and the Pacific as a region. Dynamic growth and
More informationWhen unemployment becomes a long-term condition
Dr. Emma Clarence, OECD Miguel Peromingo, WAPES When unemployment becomes a long-term condition The epicentre of the crisis has been the advanced economies, accounting for half of the total increase in
More informationProfile of the New Brunswick Labour Force
Profile of the New Brunswick Labour Force October 213 213 Profile of the New Brunswick Labour Force Province of New Brunswick PO 6, Fredericton NB E3B 5H1 www.gnb.ca 213.11 ISBN 978-1-465-247-1 (Print
More informationCOMMUNITY STABILIZATION ASSESSMENT IN EASTERN UKRAINE
Since the annexation of the Crimea and the beginning of the armed conflict in the Donbas, Ukraine has faced the challenge of intense internal displacement. At the same time, the country is in the process
More informationThe Europe 2020 midterm
The Europe 2020 midterm review Cities views on the employment, poverty reduction and education goals October 2014 Contents Executive Summary... 3 Introduction... 4 Urban trends and developments since 2010
More informationANNUAL SURVEY REPORT: BELARUS
ANNUAL SURVEY REPORT: BELARUS 2 nd Wave (Spring 2017) OPEN Neighbourhood Communicating for a stronger partnership: connecting with citizens across the Eastern Neighbourhood June 2017 1/44 TABLE OF CONTENTS
More informationEuropean Pillar of Social Rights
European Pillar of Social Rights 1 The European Parliament, the Council and the Commission solemnly proclaim the following text as the European Pillar of Social Rights EUROPEAN PILLAR OF SOCIAL RIGHTS
More information(Mirko Freni, Floriana Samuelli, Giovanna Zanolla)
Employment and immigration: the integration and professional development processes of workers from central and eastern Europe - Results of Research Project on Migrant Workers and Employers in the Trentino
More informationFuture direction of the immigration system: overview. CABINET PAPER (March 2017)
Future direction of the immigration system: overview CABINET PAPER (March 2017) This document has been proactively released. Redactions made to the document have been made consistent with provisions of
More information2018 MEETING OF SADC MINISTERS FOR EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR AND SOCIAL PARTNERS
` 2018 MEETING OF SADC MINISTERS FOR EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR AND SOCIAL PARTNERS 2 March 2018 Cape Town, South Africa Horizon Decent Work: Advancing Coherence, Connectivity and Inclusivity We, the SADC Ministers
More informationPersistent Inequality
Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives Ontario December 2018 Persistent Inequality Ontario s Colour-coded Labour Market Sheila Block and Grace-Edward Galabuzi www.policyalternatives.ca RESEARCH ANALYSIS
More informationCase Study on Youth Issues: Philippines
Case Study on Youth Issues: Philippines Introduction The Philippines has one of the largest populations of the ASEAN member states, with 105 million inhabitants, surpassed only by Indonesia. It also has
More information6th T.20 MEETING. Antalya, Republic of Turkey, 30 September Policy Note
6th T.20 MEETING Antalya, Republic of Turkey, 30 September 2015 Policy Note Tourism, SMEs and Employment Policies to Stimulate Job Creation and Inclusiveness Tourism is an engine for better jobs and sustainable
More informationWOMEN, WORK, GLOBALIZATION
WOMEN, WORK, GLOBALIZATION Research of the Agency for Social Analyses (ASA) and WAD Foundation Headed by Prof. Dr.Lilia Dimova Supported by UNIFEM ASA s Research WOMEN, WORK, GLOBALIZATION - 2001. November
More informationRIGHTS, LABOUR MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ILO APPROACH
RIGHTS, LABOUR MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ILO APPROACH INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION BRIEF International Migration Programme Foreword The ILO s concern with international migration stems from its mandate
More informationARMENIA COMPREHENSIVE FOOD SECURITY, VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS (CFSVA) UPDATE 2017
ARMENIA COMPREHENSIVE FOOD SECURITY, VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS (CFSVA) UPDATE 2017 SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRENDS The Armenia Comprehensive Food Security, Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) Update presents the current
More informationEmployment outcomes of postsecondary educated immigrants, 2006 Census
Employment outcomes of postsecondary educated immigrants, 2006 Census Li Xue and Li Xu September 2010 Research and Evaluation The views and opinions expressed in this document are those of the author(s)
More informationGender, labour and a just transition towards environmentally sustainable economies and societies for all
Response to the UNFCCC Secretariat call for submission on: Views on possible elements of the gender action plan to be developed under the Lima work programme on gender Gender, labour and a just transition
More informationCEDAW/C/PRT/CO/7/Add.1
United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CEDAW/C/PRT/CO/7/Add.1 Distr.: General 18 April 2011 Original: English ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Committee on the
More informationAn Analysis of the Causes and Consequences of Unemployment in District Peshawar
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive An Analysis of the Causes and Consequences of Unemployment in District Peshawar Zaheer Ahmad Ahmad and Jangraiz Khan Elementary and Secondary Education Department, Khyber
More informationCreating Youth Employment in Asia
WP-2014-041 Creating Youth Employment in Asia S.Mahendra Dev Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai October 2014 http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/wp-2014-041.pdf Creating Youth Employment
More informationPolicy brief. Migration for Domestic Work in Ghana: Implications for Poverty Reduction. Briefing Paper No.4 October, 2015
M i g r a ti n g o u t o f P o v e r t y R e s e a r c h P r o g r a m m e C o n s o r ti u m Policy brief Briefing Paper No.4 October, 2015 Migration for Domestic Work in Ghana: Implications for Poverty
More information% of Total Population
12 2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 2.1 POPULATION The Water Services Development Plan: Demographic Report (October December 2000, WSDP) provides a detailed breakdown of population per settlement area for the
More informationInstitute for Public Policy and Economic Analysis
Institute for Public Policy and Economic Analysis The Institute for Public Policy and Economic Analysis at Eastern Washington University will convey university expertise and sponsor research in social,
More information6889/17 PL/VK/mz 1 DG B 1C
Council of the European Union Brussels, 3 March 2017 (OR. en) 6889/17 OUTCOME OF PROCEEDINGS From: On: 3 March 2017 To: General Secretariat of the Council Delegations SOC 164 GENDER 9 EMPL 123 EDUC 101
More informationEuropean Parliament Eurobarometer (EB79.5) ONE YEAR TO GO UNTIL THE 2014 EUROPEAN ELECTIONS Institutional Part ANALYTICAL OVERVIEW
Directorate-General for Communication Public Opinion Monitoring Unit Brussels, 21 August 2013. European Parliament Eurobarometer (EB79.5) ONE YEAR TO GO UNTIL THE 2014 EUROPEAN ELECTIONS Institutional
More informationOffice of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Study on the implementation of human rights with regard to young people
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Study on the implementation of human rights with regard to young people * The Portuguese Ombudsman institution, in its capacity of national human rights
More informationAttitudes towards Refugees and Asylum Seekers
Attitudes towards Refugees and Asylum Seekers A Survey of Public Opinion Research Study conducted for Refugee Week May 2002 Contents Introduction 1 Summary of Findings 3 Reasons for Seeking Asylum 3 If
More informationVACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT
File: PER-GS-4 (CONF) Date: 23 April 2018 Announcement No. 08 (2018) E VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT Post Title: Communications Officer Department/Unit SAFE & FAIR: Realizing Women Migrant Workers Rights and Opportunities
More informationSPANISH NATIONAL YOUTH GUARANTEE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ANNEX. CONTEXT
2013 SPANISH NATIONAL YOUTH 2013 GUARANTEE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ANNEX. CONTEXT 2 Annex. Context Contents I. Introduction 3 II. The labour context for young people 4 III. Main causes of the labour situation
More informationLabour migration after EU enlargement ESTONIA. Siiri Otsmann Labour Policy Information and Analysis Department Ministry of Social Affairs
Labour migration after EU enlargement ESTONIA Siiri Otsmann Labour Policy Information and Analysis Department Ministry of Social Affairs Contents Background information Research and statistics Main features
More informationSocio-economic and demographic characteristics of the population 1
Socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the population 1 This section contains a description of the principal demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the Spanish population.the source
More informationRegina City Priority Population Study Study #2 - Immigrants. August 2011 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Regina City Priority Population Study Study #2 - Immigrants August 2011 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive Summary The City of Regina has commissioned four background studies to help inform the development of
More informationAccess and equality in relation to BME groups
AIC/16/21 Agenda item 10 7 September 2016 Access and equality in relation to BME groups The paper summarises findings of an initial review of the current policy environment in relation to the education
More informationYouth labour market overview
1 Youth labour market overview Youth aged 15-24 account for more than 17 million of the overall 92.3 million Filipino population i. With the 25-29 age group, the young generation in the Philippines comes
More informationPRESENTATION 3 1. PROGRESS MADE IN NAP INCLUSION KEY CHALLENGES, PRIORITY OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS 9 3. PRIORITY OBJECTIVES 13
NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON SOCIAL INCLUSION OF THE KINGDOM OF SPAIN 2008 2010 INDEX PRESENTATION 3 1. PROGRESS MADE IN NAP INCLUSION 2006 2008 5 2. KEY CHALLENGES, PRIORITY OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS 9 3. PRIORITY
More informationSocial and Demographic Trends in Burnaby and Neighbouring Communities 1981 to 2006
Social and Demographic Trends in and Neighbouring Communities 1981 to 2006 October 2009 Table of Contents October 2009 1 Introduction... 2 2 Population... 3 Population Growth... 3 Age Structure... 4 3
More informationReport on the situation of Roma and Roma Children Rights
The Roma National Center is a non-governmental organization that protects and promotes the Roma rights in the Republic of Moldova. The Roma National Center is concerned about the situation regarding the
More informationPOLICY BRIEF. Assessing Labor Market Conditions in Madagascar: i. World Bank INSTAT. May Introduction & Summary
World Bank POLICY INSTAT BRIEF May 2008 Assessing Labor Market Conditions in Madagascar: 2001-2005 i Introduction & Summary In a country like Madagascar where seven out of ten individuals live below the
More informationSpecial Section: Underemployment in Pakistan. Introduction 1. works less than 35 hours (see 15 Figure S1) and may, therefore,
Third Quarterly Report for FY06 Special Section: Underemployment in Pakistan Introduction 1 In Pakistan, a large proportion Figure S1: Employed Working < 35 Hours per Week of the employed labor force Numbers
More informationUPDATED CONCEPT OF IMMIGRANT INTEGRATION. 1. Introduction to the updated Concept of immigrant integration
UPDATED CONCEPT OF IMMIGRANT INTEGRATION 1. Introduction to the updated Concept of immigrant integration 1.1. International context surrounding the development of the policy of immigrant integration Immigration
More informationA comparative analysis of poverty and social inclusion indicators at European level
A comparative analysis of poverty and social inclusion indicators at European level CRISTINA STE, EVA MILARU, IA COJANU, ISADORA LAZAR, CODRUTA DRAGOIU, ELIZA-OLIVIA NGU Social Indicators and Standard
More informationYouth and Employment in North Africa: A Regional Overview
Youth and Employment in North Africa: A Regional Overview A Report Prepared for the Conference on Youth and Employment in North Africa Geneva, September 2017 September 2017 Contents 1. Introduction 5
More informationThe venue of the forum is the Yaounde Conference Centre
République du Cameroun Paix Travail Patrie Ministère de la fonction publique et de la reforme administrative Centre Africain de Formation et de Recherche Administratives pour le Développement المرآز الا
More informationImplications of the influx of Syrian refugees on the Jordanian labour market ILO/FAFO/DOS
Implications of the influx of Syrian refugees on the Jordanian labour market ILO/FAFO/DOS The study The study on the Implication of the influx of Syrian refugees on the Jordanian Labour Market is part
More informationImplementation Plan for the Czech Youth Guarantee Programme
Implementation Plan for the Czech Youth Guarantee Programme (Update of April 2014) The Implementation Plan for the Youth Guarantee programme aims to provide an important contribution to meeting national
More informationLabor Force Analysis
Southeast Asian Journal of Social and Political Issues, Vol. 1, No. 3, March 2013 318 SEAJ-SPI ISSN 2088-2955 Vol. 1, No. 3 (March 2013):318-327 Labor Force Analysis Asri Laksmi Riani and Muh. Yusuf Ariyadi
More informationANNUAL SURVEY REPORT: REGIONAL OVERVIEW
ANNUAL SURVEY REPORT: REGIONAL OVERVIEW 2nd Wave (Spring 2017) OPEN Neighbourhood Communicating for a stronger partnership: connecting with citizens across the Eastern Neighbourhood June 2017 TABLE OF
More informationHow Important Are Labor Markets to the Welfare of Indonesia's Poor?
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized S /4 POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 1665 How Important Are Labor Markets to the Welfare
More information