The Largest mass movement in Human History - From 1880 to 1921, a record-setting 23 million immigrants arrived on America s shores in what one

Transcription

1

2 The Largest mass movement in Human History - From 1880 to 1921, a record-setting 23 million immigrants arrived on America s shores in what one scholar called the largest mass movement in human history. During this time, almost 46 people around the world left their homelands to settle in new countries. The majority of immigrants over 56 percent came to the United State. At the time, the U.S. had no quotas or limits, nor did it require passports or special entrance papers. America s door was open to the world, and the world came in droves.

3 The demographic makeup of immigrants made a dramatic change in the period after Between , approximately percent of all immigrants entering the U.S. came from southern and eastern Europe. included Italians, Russian Jews, Polish, other Russians, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Greeks, Portuguese, Czechs, and Armenians.

4 Economic Conditions: Farming declined due to the Industrial Revolution. Exploding population growth could not handle a series of natural disasters that spread disease and poverty. No work and terrible living conditions left competition for land, food, and jobs. Political and Religious Persecution: Russia limited the kind of jobs Jews could hold (outright discrimination) Pograms Alexander II of Russia supported violent mob attacks against Jews.

5 Lure of life in America: Newspapers and letters home to Europe promised America to be the magic land or unlimited opportunity and riches. American factory owners went to Europe and recruited factory workers, promising a better life.

6 Arriving: From 1882 to the early 1920 s, approximately 75% of all immigrants entered the United States thought the immigration processing center at Ellis Island, located in New York Harbor.

7 Upon arrival, immigrants went through both a medical and legal inspection. Many of the immigrants found the medical examinations the most traumatizing part of the process Doctors examined the immigrant s scalp, skin, hands, throat, and voices looking for infectious diseases. If an immigrant failed the medical portion, they were quarantined but rarely hospitalized, while waiting for deportation.

8 Legal inspections were the final test. Immigrants waited in orderly lines for up to 2 days to pass a 3 minute quiz. Inspection officials, just poor city workers themselves, assumed the role of judges. They questioned names, the reasons for coming, and asked questions about the immigrants family. Inspectors also asked, Have you ever been in prison, in a poorhouse, or supported by charity? Many times the inspector would simply misspell the immigrants name on the inspection card, forever changing the identity of the immigrant..

9

10 After arriving in the U.S., about two-thirds of immigrants settled in urban centers, such as New York City, Chicago, Boston and Philadelphia. Many immigrants stayed with friends or relatives, most lived in close-knit ethnic neighborhoods, or enclaves, in American cities. Most cities were ill-equipped to handle the needs of their increasing population. Although illegal because of safety conditions, many immigrants stayed in 5 cents a spot lodging. Others lived in tenements, the run-down, low-rent apartment building clustered in the poorest communities. One New York City social worker counted 1,231 people living in 120 rooms in one part of the city.

11

12 Many native-born Americans viewed immigrants with fear, hostility, and suspicion. Nativists often held deep seated hatred about immigrants but these were largely based simply on ethnicity, race, and religious background not for any legitimate reason.

13 In your groups look at the 5 political cartoons and answer the following questions: Which cartoon on 19 th & 20th century immigration was the most provocative for you? What details in the cartoon provoked your thoughts or emotions? Describe the dominant attitude of 20th century Americans to immigrants expressed in the cartoons? Give a specific detail from three of the cartoons you studied that convey the attitudes of 20th century Americans toward immigrants.

14

15

16

17

18

19 19th c. Asian Immigration: (China & Japan) Between ,000 Chinese came to the U.S. recruited to build the Transcontinental Railroad Thousands of Japanese arrive around same time, almost entirely on the west coast ( California, Oregon, and Washington) Encountered race riots, laws banning marriage to whites, boycotts of their businesses Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 (renewed in 1921 & 1924) closes the door to immigration from Asia in the U.S.

20 Nativists eventually persuaded the Congress to pass laws limiting the number of immigrants the U.S. would accept from each nation congress passes a literacy test on those wishing to enter the U.S. Emergency Immigration act of 1921 a stop gap measure (temp) fear in congress that over the previous year 800,000 immigrants to US Limit 3% of a nations population living in US based on 1910 census. An overall maximum annual quota of 357,000 was imposed

21 Immigration act of 1924 National Origins act % of the total of any given nation s residents in the U.S. as reported in the 1890 census; After July 1, 1927 the 2 % rule was to be Replaced by an overall cap of 150,000 immigrants annually and quotas determined by national origins as revealed in the 1920 census. College students, professors and ministers were exempted from the quotas. aim of this law was to restrict the entry of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe and encourage immigration from Western and Northern Europe

22 In your groups, using your Group summarizing notes, to create 3 analytical and overarching questions from the reading Next answer your questions as a group citing specific details from the reading. Each group member needs to write down the answers on their own paper but this is a group response

23 Round 1: Now find 2 new people from another to work with. Take your group questions and responses with you. In these new groups share your questions with each other and discuss your answers. Make sure to cite and share specific examples from the reading. Round 2 : rotate and find 2 new people to work with and repeat what you did in round 2.

24 After World War II, U.S. economy was booming & immigration laws were loosened Allowed for refugees from war & Soviet Union 1960s & 1970s technology boom loosens restriction from Asia

25 High numbers of immigrants have caused the most serious immigration debates since the early 1900s Business leaders & big farmers support open immigration for a cheap labor force Supporters of open immigration believe it is a big part of the success of the U.S. economy

26 Study the images & text of the following political commentaries on U.S. Immigration policy. Pick 3 of the cartoons then answer the following questions in your small group: 1. What contradiction in U.S. immigration policy is presented in the image or text? 2. What is the artist s attitude toward immigrants? Give a detail from the image or text that conveys the author s attitudes toward immigrants. 3. What is the artist s attitude toward U.S. Immigration policy? Give a detail from the image or text that conveys the author s attitudes toward U.S. policy.

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34 Describe at least two ways that American attitudes to immigration from other countries have changed since the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. Describe at least two ways that American attitudes to immigration from other countries has stayed the same since the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries.