Ethno-political conflict in Crimean Panisula

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1 Ethno-political conflict in Crimean Panisula

2 Crimea penisula of Ucraine - located on the northern coast of Black sea Autonomus Republic of Crimea - governed by the Constitution of Crimea (in accordance with the laws of Ukraine.) - capital - the city of Simferopol, located in the center of the peninsula. Sewastopol- the city with a special status.

3 The main ethnic groups in Crimean Panisula Russians - 58,85% of the population, the majority in Crimean Panisula (in XVIII century was conquered and controlled by Russian Empire), many societies and orgainizations, supported by Russia Ukrainians - 24,4 % of the population Tatars - 12, 10% of the populations, emerged as a nation at the time of Crimean Khanate (a state ruled by the Crimean Tatars from XV to XVIII century). 18 may All Crimean Tatars were deported to the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic and other distant parts of the Soviet Union. Creation of Crimean Tatar National Movement Organisation Tatars were allowed to return to Crimea from exile in the mid s

4 Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People is the central executive body of the Kurultai of Crimean Tatars, living in their homeland of Crimea. The Mejlis was founded in 1991, to act as a representative body for the Crimean Tatars which could address grievances to the Ukrainian central government, the Crimean government, and international bodies. On April 2010, several pro-russian Crimean political leaders in Crimea demanded the disbanding and banning of the Mejlis and all other forms of political representation for the Crimean Tatars (including the Kurultai). Crimean Tatar organizations have urged President Viktor Yanukovych to "protect Crimea's indigenous people from discrimination". During the 2012 parliamentary elections members of the Mejlis joined the All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" election list

5 History Crimean Tatars origins can be traced back to the Germanic Goths (Ostrogoths), Turkic Huns and Aryan Scythians: They are in general of good height, slender and dark haired; their features are regular, their physiognomy and carriage are expressive, they are free and generous in their treatment and in their speech they are thoughtful and sensible (F. Feodorov, 1855) 1400s - the Tatarized Goths of the Crimea formed an independent state in the Crimean Peninsula and other areas of the south Ukrainian steppe known as the Crimean Khanate, 1783 annexation of the state by Tsarina Catherine the Great (Crimean Tatars drew close to extinction).

6 About half a million Crimean Tatars abandoned their homeland for the Ottoman Empire during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, 1917 the Crimean Tatars made were mere quarter of the population of their historic homeland, Later, Crimean Peninsula was organized as the Crimean ASSR and the Crimean Tatars were considered the autonomous republic s de facto state-sponsored native nationality In the late 1920s and 1930s the Crimean Tatar intelligentsia was murdered, the Crimean Tatars property was collectivized and thousands of Crimean Tatars were deported to Siberia, Soviet sources claim that approximately 20,000 Crimean Tatars were mobilized from a total national population of approximately 218,000.

7 Thousands of Crimean Tatars serving in the Red Army were captured by the III Reich army as Russian (N. Adulhamitoglu), Many of the Crimean Tatar collaborators were favoured over Russians in the peninsula by the III Reich army, Conflicts between Russian and Tatar partisants, After the Red Army regained the Crimean countryside, thousands of Crimean Tatars were murdered, 18 May Kara Gun (Black Day), commemorated by Crimean Tatars to this day - Tatars were massively deported to Central Asia, while Russians arrived in Crimea; According to N.F. Bugai, a maximum of 191,088 Crimean Tatars were deported from the Crimean autonomous republic.

8 151,604 of these were sent to the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic and 8597 to the Udmurt and Mari Autonomous Provinces 1954 Crimea became a part of USSR, Nikita Khrushchev, lifted the special regime that allowed the Crimean Tatar survivors to begin the process of reintegrating themselves into Soviet society.

9 Nowdays In 1989 a decree was published in the Soviet paper Izvestiia, allowing the Crimean Tatars to return to their homeland, From 1989 to 1994, a quarter of a million Crimean Tatars migrated from Central Asia, predominantly from Uzbekistan, to the Crimean Peninsula, 1991 USSR proclaimed autonomy for Crimean Peninsula, where the majority were Russians.

10 Crimean Parliament proclaimed the Republic of Crimea, Few days later parts of the conflict made a compromise that made Republic of Crimea a part of Ukraine, March 1993 the post of President of Crimea was established and the number of Crimean representatives in autonomous Parliament was agreed, 1995 new Constitution changed the name of territory on the Aoutonomous Republic of Crimea, Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership between Ukraine and Russian Federation, From 2008 growth of ethnopolitical tensions;

11 Civil Status Autonomous Republic, Presidential Representative, The Supreme Council of Crimea (100 seats), Council of Ministers, Ukrainian Judicial System

12 Political representatives Viktor Tarasovych Plakida - is a Ukrainian politician and businessman. Plakida served as the PrimeMinister of Crimea from 2006 to 2010 (the office of Prime Minister is also known as the Chairman of the Crimean Council of Ministers). He is the current (and again) Representatives of the President of Ukraine in Crimea.

13 Anatolii Volodymyrovych Mohyliov - is the Prime Minister of Crimea since November 8, 2011 and former Ukrainian Minister of Internal Affairs (On November 7, 2011 President Viktor Yanukovych nominated Mohyliov as Prime Minister of Crimea. The Supreme Council of Crimea appointed him to this post the next day).mohyliov was elected the leader of the Crimean branch of Party of Regions on 29 November 2011

14 Mustafa Abdülcemil Qırımoğlu (Cemilev) - also known as Mustafa Jemilev (Dzhemilev, Cemilev), is Chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People and a member of the Ukrainian Parliament since He is a recognized leader of the Crimean Tatar National Movement and a former Soviet dissident.

15 NOWADAYS Tha main issue concerning the status of Crimea in relations between Russia and Ukraine is the issue of the stationing of the Russian Black Sea Fleet on the peninsula Second major problem is ethnic and religious based conflicts (Tatars Islam, Russians Orthodox Christianity)

16 Russian provocations On the evening of January 24, 2013 the chairman of the Audlit Committee Medżlisu Crimean Tatars Kurtseit Abdullajew has been attacted by unknown group people Night of December 1, 2012 destroyed approximately 100 temporary objects, belonging to the Crimean Tatars (was carried out by the Rosyjska Jedność, and the pro-russian organisation Jedność

17 21 December, the Russian organization Istota Czasu, chaired by Sergei Kurginian, exhibition dedicated to 133 birthday Joseph Stalin For the Tatars it was provocation because it was on the orders of Stalin the entire nation of Crimean Tatars was deported in May 1944 to Uzbekistan) However, fortunately for the Crimea and its inhabitants, majority disputes concerning the status of the Autonomous Republic of are solved through dialogue.

18 Karolina Krupa Liliana Sak Marta Hoffmann Thank you for your attention!