After the War of 1812 THE BEGINNING OF CHANGE IN AMERICAN POLITICS, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY

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1 After the War of 1812 THE BEGINNING OF CHANGE IN AMERICAN POLITICS, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY

2 Consequences of the War of 1812 Why was the War of 1812 fought? Impressment Violation of neutral shipping rights Britain required that all trade go through them British arming Native Americans Consequences: The US and Great Britain agreed to re-establish pre-war boundaries (Treaty of Ghent) Other European nations began recognizing the US as a nation The rise of nationalism The Federalist Party collapsed ( The Hartfors Convention) The manufacturing industry grew

3 The Rise of Industry What was the economic debate between Hamilton and Jefferson that was eventually reflected in their political party platforms? The national debt But most importantly building the American economy Farming v. Trade and Industry Farming would allow for Americans to utilize the land they had to produce much needed and desired commodities like vegetables, wheat, cotton and tobacco However, what happened when too many farmers were producing too many of these items? excess How did the American government respond to this need? By expanding trade, starting with the French in the West Indies But what would they have needed to make trade with France and other countries possible? (consider transportation and new technology)

4 The Industrial Revolution In order to make trade profitable in the US, Americans would have to upgrade, or advance their way of production and travel In 1793, Europe underwent a huge social and economic transformation The Industrial Revolution Began in Britain with the development of machines, powered by steam or flowing rivers, to perform work once done by hand The first machines made cloth: they spun thread and wove the cloth more quickly In the beginning, Britain tried to keep their new technology out of the hands of other countries They banned export of machinery and forbade emigration (leaving the country) for people who had knowledge of the technology However, Samuel Slater broke the law and moved to America Slater used his knowledge to build the first water-powered textile mill in Rhode Island in 1793; at the time it produced cotton thread

5 America and the Industrial Revolution After Slater and his textile mill, others expanded on his idea Francis Cabot Lowell, modified the idea and established a mill that made all parts of cloth Slater not only introduced an important technology, but he also introduced a new business model Factories Hiring whole families to increase production The growth of factories changed: 1) the speed of production; 2) the volume of production; and 3) the lives of thousands of Americans Machines increased the pace of work and divided labor into many small tasks done by separate workers Workers did not have to be as skilled or trained Eventually, the cloth industry would take off and as a result so would the cotton industry

6 America and the Industrial Revolution Although the Industrial Revolution had begun in Britain during the 1700 s, it would not be until the first decades of the 1800s when America would catch on. What event would create the need for America to begin investing in technology building its industries The Napoleanic Wars between France and Britain The Wars nterfered with America s exports to European markets (because of ship stealing/ piracy) and and its imports from Great Britain (because of American neutrality under Washington) The inability of the American Army to effectively arm itself for defense coupled with the desire not to be subject to the uncertainties of European international relations caused Americans to seek ways to improve the national economy. After Slater, Eli Whitney changed American production and industry with the invention of the cotton gin (South) and interchangeable parts

7 Nationalism and Industry Not only was America growing physically with the acquisition (gaining) of land, but it was also growing (economically) and politically (nationalism and the Monroe Doctrine) The increase in US pride led directly to the need to protect what was American: Americans wanted to protect American businesses and industries increase consumers This desire led to the Tariff of 1816 As the US continued to expand, the need to protect American interests from European interests grew The Monroe Doctrine Manifest Destiny

8 Sectionalism and Industry The cotton gin changes in southern agriculture Factories changes in northern industry Tariff of 1816 Sectionalism First, political parties Then, the Industrial Revolution