Nations: Borders & Power

Transcription

1 Nations: Borders & Power What factors determine where boundaries between countries are established? How do different countries related to one another?

2 Political Regions Governments establish boundaries over which asserts its authority Countries usually have several levels of government (cities, counties, or states) = overlapping authority over same area [Ex] Dallas City: government led by the mayor - Dallas (County): provides services to the area - Texas (State): led by the Governor; passes its own laws - U.S. (National/Federal): supreme to state laws

3 Applying What You Know: Your Community Political Region/Name Leader (Role + Name) Responsibilities & Authority City: Dallas County: Dallas State: Texas Country: United States Mayor Mike Rawlings Commissioner (County Judge) Clay Jenkins Governor Greg Abbott President Donald Trump Police Dept, Fire Dept, other local services setting policies and procedures, issuing contracts, authorizing expenditures, managing county resources and departments, annual tax rate, budget powers not delegated to the US (10 th Amendment) Issue licenses, Regulate businesses, Elections, Local governments, Ratify amendments, public health/safety declaring war and raising armies, making treaties, coining money, imposing tariffs, federal laws

4 The Question of Borders Sovereign: each government has final control over what happens within its borders; it is not subject to any higher authority on its own territory Every nation has sovereign government + fixed borders - Physical: rivers, mountains, lakes, seas, oceans - Political: Agreements or historical events (war) Natural hazards can change physical borders (climate change = rising sea levels = flooded coastlines)

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6 1. What expanded the national boundaries of the United States? a. Physical geography changes from natural hazards b. Historical conflicts and agreements c. Imperialism as Britain colonized more lands

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8 [Ex] Expansion of the United States [Colonies] Eastern border: Atlantic Ocean [1783] Western border: Mississippi River Wanted to expand westwards, areas claimed by others [1804] US purchased Louisiana Territory from France [1819] US purchased Florida from Spain [1845] Texas annexed to the United States [ ] US obtains territories from Texas to California

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10 2. What is the biggest difference between the Israelis and Palestinians that has created conflict? a. Political b. Historical c. Cultural

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12 [Ex] Israel & Palestine [1947] United Nations voted to create a Jewish state (Israel) [1948] Israel independence = Palestine (Arab) declares war [Today] debating future borders of Israel & Palestine Major Issue: should new Palestine include part of Jerusalem?

13 [Summary] Creation of national boundaries guided by physical geography AND by history: outcomes of conflicts for control of territory Both physical and human factors shape countries borders as well as their internal political divisions Give one example of each factor/process where borders were established Physical Factors Example: Madagascar Describe: (Island) Indian Ocean, Mozambique Channel Human Factors Example: North & South Koreas Describe: 38 th parallel divides

14 [Acting as an Amateur Geographer] 1. Imagine you are creating a new local government for your community. Where would you place its new borders? 2. Why would you place them there?

15 Balance of Power Idea: if one country becomes too strong, others will join together against it Purpose: prevent any single nation from becoming so powerful that it is tempted to force its will upon other nations Goal: limit conflict among the most powerful nations Amount of power affects its: control of territory & resources, ability to defend itself or wage war, influence international relations

16 Factors Influencing Power of a Nation What is the size of the country s area? What is the population of the country? How well educated and united is its population? How large and well-equipped are its armed forces? What are the country s physical features? How productive is the country s economy?

17 The World s Major Powers Have large a influence on international relations today 1. United States 2. China 3. Russia 4. Japan Have all 3 of these characteristics: Powerful armed forces A large population Prosperous economy

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19 3. The United Nations was formed after which event? a. WWI against Central Powers b. WWII against Axis Powers c. Cold War against Communism

20 The United Nations Organization of all sovereign nations of the world Aim: to promote peace, prevent war, encourage development General Assembly: all member nations belong UN Security Council: powerful nations belong, can send UN peace-keeping forces to areas of conflict around the world

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23 4. The original version of the present-day EU was a cooperation of countries that had: a. Coal and steel resources b. Nuclear weapons c. Prevented spread of communism

24 European Parliament European Union Economic and political union of mostly European nations People and goods can pass freely (few barriers to trade) Cooperate on many matters, follow EU regulations Most use the Euro, a common currency Citizens in member countries elect representatives to a

25 Promised by their Hebrew father King David Arab Muslim invaders who conquered Palestine Britain control Palestine, establish Jewish homeland Immigration of Jews from Europe to Palestine increased Surround states refused to accept & invaded Israel took Gaza Strip + Sinai Peninsula, East Jerusalem, West Bank, Golan Heights Palestinian Arab refugees w/ no state of their own Israel s occupied territories since Six- Israeli settlements in traditional Day War Palestinian territories Went to refugee camps around Israel, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon Palestinian state is designated and declared sovereign Guarantee peace between two cultures occupying one land

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