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1 UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) State immunity and cultural objects on loan van Woudenberg, N. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van Woudenberg, N. (2011). State immunity and cultural objects on loan General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam ( Download date: 17 Nov 2017

2 LIST OF SOURCES 1. Bibliography Akehurst, Michael, Custom as a Source of International Law, British Yearbook of International Law, , Vol. 47, pp Alberts Carson, Cindy, Raiders of the Lost Scrolls: The Right of Scholarly Access to the Content of Historic Documents, Michigan Journal of International Law, Winter 1995, Vol. 16, pp Alebeek, Rosanne van, Staatsimmuniteit [State Immunity], in: Horbach, Nathalie, Lefeber, René and Ribbelink, Olivier (eds.), Handboek Internationaal Recht [Handbook International Law], The Hague 2007, pp Anglade, Leila, Anti-Seizure Statutes in Art Law: the influence of La Danse on French Law, in: Breen, Oonagh, Casey, James and Kerr, Anthony (eds.), Liber Memorialis Professor James C. Brady, Dublin 2001, pp Anglim, Jennifer M., Crossroads in the Great Race: Moving Beyond the International Race to Judgment in Disputes over Artwork and Other Chattels, Harvard Journal of International Law, Winter 2004, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp Bartsch, Kerstin and Elberling, Björn, Jus Cogens vs. State Immunity, Round Two, The Decision of the European Court of Human Rights in the Kalogeropoulou et al. v. Greece and Germany Decision, German Law Journal, 2003, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp Berman, Shoshana, Protection of Cultural Objects on Loan the Israeli Perspective, Art Antiquity and Law, June 2007, Vol. XII, Issue 2, pp Boer, Th.M. de, Internationale kunstuitleen, een hachelijke onderneming? [International art loans, a perilous undertaking?], Nederlands Juristenblad [Dutch Lawyers Journal], 2006, No. 20, pp Boer, Th.M. de, Annotation Azeta v. Japan Collahuasi Resources and the State of the Netherlands, Dutch Supreme Court, 11 July 2008, Nederlandse Jurisprudentie; Uitspraken in burgerlijke en strafzaken [Dutch Jurisprudence; Rulings in civil and penal cases], 2010, No. 42, pp Boguslavskij, Mark M., Irina Shchukina s Suit (On the Decision of a French Court), International Journal of Cultural Property, 1995, Vol. 4, Issue 2, pp Boos, Sabine, Kulturgut als Gegenstand der grenzüberschreitenden Leihverkehrs [Cultural property as object of international art loans], Berlin Bröhmer, Jürgen, State immunity and the violation of human rights, The Hague, Boston, London Brook Zimmerman, Laurie, The People of the State of New York Versus The Museum of 517

3 Modern Art, 19 April 2000; to be found at: Brownlie, Ian, Principles of Public International Law, Sixth Edition, Oxford Bruning, Susan B., US Arts Law Update. New York Legal Decision Provides Protection to Experts for Art. Authentication Opinions, Media & Arts Law Review, 2001, Vol. 6, No.1, pp Candrian, Jérôme, L immunité des Etats face aux Droits de l Homme et à la protection des Biens culturels, Zurich, Basel, Geneva Candrian, Jérôme, Les tableaux du Musée Pouchkine de Moscou: poursuites, immunité et arbitrage sous le signe de l Etat de droit, Blätter für Schuldbetreibung und Konkurs, 2007, Heft 3, pp Caprio, Charlene A., Artwork, Cultural Heritage Property, and the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, International Journal of Cultural Property, 2006, Vol. 13, Issue 3, pp Carss-Frisk, Monica, The right to property - A guide to the implementation of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Council of Europe, Human rights handbooks, No. 4, Strasbourg Chamberlain, Kevin, Claude Cassirer v. Kingdom of Spain: The U.S. Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act and its application to Nazi-expropriated works of art, Art Antiquity and Law, 2006, Vol. XI, Issue 4, pp Choharis, Peter Charles, U.S. Courts and the International Law of Expropriation: Toward a New Model for Breach of Contract, Southern California Law Review, 2006, Vol. 80, Issue 1, pp Choi, Sue, The Legal Landscape of the International Art Market After Republic of Austria v. Altmann, Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, 2005, Vol. 26, Issue 1, pp Clark, Stephen, An illustration: The Schiele case in the New York State and Federal Courts, in: Renold, Marc-André and Gabus, Pierre (eds.), Claims for the restitution of looted art, Geneva 2004, pp Clark, Stephen, The Schiele Matter, in: Fitz Gibbon, Kate (ed.), Who owns the past? Cultural Policy, Cultural Property and the Law, New Brunswick, New Jersey, London 2007, pp Condorelli, Luigi and Sbolci, Luigi, Measures of execution against the property of foreign States: the law and practice in Italy, Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 1979, Vol. X, pp Cornu, Marie and Frigo, Manlio, L accord portant création du Louvre Abou Dabi, musée universel: une double invention culturelle et juridique, Annuaire Français de Droit 518

4 International, 2009, Vol. 55, pp Davis, Margaret Leslie, The Two First Ladies, Vanity Fair, November 2008, pp Dickinson, Andrew, Lindsay, Rae and Loonam, James P., State Immunity; selected materials and commentary, Oxford Dickinson, Andrew, State Immunity and State-Owned Enterprises, Clifford Chance London, December Dixon, Martin, Textbook on international law, 6th Edition, Oxford Dömeland, Dörte, Gil Sander, Frederico and Prima Braga, Carlos A., The Economics of Odious Debt, in: Prima Braga, Carlos A. and Dömeland, Dörte (eds.), Debt relief and beyond: lessons learned and challenges ahead, Washington Eck, Daniel W. and Gerstenblith, Patty, International Cultural Property (2001), The International Lawyer, Summer 2002, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp Eck, Daniel W. and Gerstenblith, Patty, International Cultural Property (2002), The International Lawyer, Summer 2003, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp Eck, Daniel W. and Gerstenblith, Patty, Cultural Property (2003), The International Lawyer, Summer 2004, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp Essers, Volkmar, Henri Matisse ( ), Master of Colour, Cologne Feldman, F., Weil, S.E., Biederman, D., Biederman, S., Art Law: Rights and Liabilities of Creators and Collectors, Boston Fielder Redman, Lauren, The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act: Using a Shield Statute as a Sword for Obtaining Federal Jurisdiction, Art and Antiquities Cases, Fordham International Law Journal, February 2008, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp Fincham, Derek, Profile of Claude Cassirer, 8 April 2010, to be found at: Fischer-Lescano, Andreas, Ausnahmen vom Grundsatz der Staatenimmunität im Erkenntnisund Vollstreckungsverfahren [Exceptions to the principle of State Immunity in the adjudication and enforcement process], 20 January Fishman, Joseph P., Locating the International Interest in International Cultural Property Disputes, The Yale Journal of International Law, 2010, Vol. 35, pp Fox, Hazel, A Commercial Transaction Under the State Immunity Act, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, January 1994, Vol. 43, pp Fox, Hazel, The Law of State Immunity, Oxford 2002; Second Edition, Oxford Frigo, Manlio, Protection of cultural property on loan; anti-seizure and State immunity laws: 519

5 an Italian perspective, Art Antiquity and Law, April 2009, Vol. XIV, Issue 1, pp Gaillard, Emmanuel, Effectiveness of Arbitral Awards, State Immunity from Execution and Autonomy of State Entities - Three Incompatible Principles, in: Gaillard, Emmanuel and Younan, Jennifer (eds.), State Entities in International Arbitration, IAI Series on International Arbitration No. 4, Huntington 2008, pp Gannon, Stacey, The Museum of Modern Art, Egon Schiele and Issues of Borrowed Art, 1 April 2001, to be found at: Gattini, Andrea, The International Customary Law Nature of Immunity from Measures of Constraint for State Cultural Property on Loan, in: Buffard, Isabelle, Crawford, James, Pellet, Alain and Wittich, Stephan (eds.), International Law between Universalism and Fragmentation Festschrift in Honour of Gerhard Hafner, Leiden, Boston 2008, pp George, Tanya Evelyn, Using customary international law to identify fetishistic claims to cultural property, New York University Law Review, 2005, Vol. 80, No. 4, pp Gerstenblith, Patty, Identity and Cultural Property: The Protection of Cultural Property in the United States, Boston University Law Review, 1995, Vol. 75, pp Gerstenblith, Patty and Czegledi, Bonnie, International Cultural Property (2005), The International Lawyer, Summer 2006, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp Gerstenblith, Patty, Art, Cultural Heritage and the Law, Second Edition, Durham Gerstenblith, Patty, International Art and Cultural Heritage (2009), The International Lawyer, Spring 2010, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp Ghafur Hamid, Abdul, Sources of International Law: a Re-evaluation, International Islamic University Malaysia Law Journal, 2003, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp Goldstein, Charles A., Protection of Cultural Objects on Loan The Israeli Perspective, 15 February 2008, to be found at: T_2008.pdf. Goodwin, Gabrielle, Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran: Legal Threats to Cultural Property, 2010, to be found at: an_legal_threats_to_cultural_property. Graham, Jane, From Russia without love: Can the Shchukin heirs recover their ancestor s art collection?, Sports and Entertainment Law Journal, Spring 2009, Vol. 6, pp Griffith, Gavan, Foreign State immunity in Australia, Estudios en homenaje a Jorge Barrera Graf, T.II, Instituto de investigaciones juridicas, Mexico D.F., 1989, pp

6 Gupta, Arjun, A portrait of justice deferred: Retroactive application of the FSIA and its implications for Holocaust era art restitution. Republic of Austria v. Altmann, 124 S. CT (2004), University of Dayton Law Review, 2005, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp Hafner, Gerhard and Köhler, Ulrike, The United Nations Convention on the Immunity of States and Their Property, Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 2004, 2005, Vol. 35, pp Hafner, Gerhard, Kohen, Marcelo G. and Breau, Susan C., State Practice Regarding State Immunities, Leiden, Boston Heese, Marja van, Ethical Commitments and Seizure Risks, in: Afman, Renger and Knoop, Riemer (eds.), Moving Heritage, Making Movable Heritage in the EU: Bulgarian-Dutch Experiences , Sofia, The Hague 2008, pp Henckaerts, Jean-Marie, Study on customary international law: A contribution to the understanding and respect for the rule of law in armed conflict, International Review of the Red Cross, March 2005, Vol. 87, No. 857, pp Henckaerts, Jean-Marie and Doswald-Beck, Louise, Customary International Humanitarian Law, Cambridge Herreman, M.M.L., Conservatoire beslagen tot afgifte en levering; een studie naar de werking en problematiek van het 730 Rv-beslag, mede in rechtshistorisch perspectief [Prejudgment attachments for the surrender and delivery of property; a study of the operation and problems of attachment under Article 730 of the Code of Civil Procedure, viewed partly from historical legal perspective], Rotterdam Heß, Burkhard, The International Law Commission s Draft Convention on the Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property, European Journal of International Law, 1993, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp Hoffman, Barbara T., International Art Transactions and the Resolution of Art and Cultural Property Disputes, in: Hoffman, Barbara T. (ed.), Art and Cultural Heritage - Law, Policy, and Practice, Cambridge 2006, pp Huttenlauch, Anna Blume, Diplomat Kunst [Diplomat Art], 28 March 2007, to be found at Iguchi, Naoki, Inoue, Aoi and Kadonaga, Maki, New Act Sets Out Terms of Jurisdictional Immunity for Foreign States, 25 August 2009, to be found at: Jayme, Erik, Das Freie Geleit für Kunstwerke [The Safe Conduct for Artworks], Vienna Jayme, Erik, Neueste Entwicklungen im internationalen Kunstrecht [Recent developments in international art law], Kunst im Recht, Graz Jurisprudential Faculty Jayme, Erik, Globalization in art law: clash of interests and international tendencies, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, October 2005, Vol. 38, Issue 4, pp

7 Jennings, Robert, and Watts, Arthur, Oppenheim s International Law, Ninth Edition, London, New York 1996, Vol. 1. Jenschke, Christoff, Obligation to Restitute objets d art According to the First Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention versus National Immunity from Seizure, in: German Commission for UNESCO, the Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus and UNESCO Chair in Heritage Studies (eds.), World Heritage and Cultural Diversity, Germany 2010, pp Kaplan, Alexander, The need for statutory protection from seizure for art exhibitions: the Egon Schiele seizures and the implications for major museums exhibitions, Journal of Law and Policy, 1999, Vol. 7, pp Kaye, Lawrence M., Art Loans and Immunity from Seizure in the United States and the United Kingdom, International Journal of Cultural Property, 2010, Vol. 17, Issue 2, pp Kirgis, Frederic, Custom on a Sliding Scale, American Journal of International Law, 1987, Vol. 87, pp Kloth, Matthias, Immunities and the Right of Access to Court under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Leiden, Boston Knerly Jr., Stephen J., Overview of laws concerning immunity from seizure of works of art on loan, 35th Annual Ali-Aba Course of Study - Legal Issues in Museum Administration, Philadelphia, United States, March Knerly Jr., Stephen J., International loans, State immunity and anti-seizure laws, Ali-Aba Course of Study - Legal Issues in Museum Administration, Boston, United States, 1-3 April Korinek, Karl, Bammer, Armin, Potz, Richard and Weishaider, Wolfgang (eds.), Kulturrecht im Überblick [Art law in overview], Vienna Kostenevich, Albert, From Matisse to Malevich, Pioneers from the modern art from the Hermitage, Amsterdam Kowalczyk, Ronald B., Case note. Section of the New York Arts and Cultural Affairs Law: civil by association, International Journal of Cultural Property, 2001, Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp Kowalski, Wojciech, Legal Aspects of the Recent History of the Qumran Scrolls: Access, Ownership, Title and Copyright, in: Lim, Timothy H., MacQueen, Hector L. and Carmichael, Calum R. (eds.), On Scrolls, Artifacts and Intellectual Property, Sheffield 2001, pp Kreder, Jennifer Anglin, and Graaf, Kimberly de, Museums in the Crosshairs: Unintended Consequences of the War on Terror, 2010, to be found at: Kühl, Isabel, Der internationale Leihverkehr der Museen [The international Loans of Museums], Cologne

8 Kurtz, Birgit a.o., The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, 2009 Year in Review, Crowell and Moring LLP, New York Lammers, Johan G., The role of the Legal Adviser of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: the Dutch approach and experience, Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, Winter 2009, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp Lipe, Guy S. and Omar, Amin, Litigation Against Foreign States in the United States Courts: An Overview of the American Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, Vinson and Elkins, LLP, Presented at the Russian-American Symposium on Private International Law, Moscow State Institute of International Relations, 29 June Lopez, Laina, Should National Treasures Be Subject to Judicial Auction?: The Implications of Rubin v. Iran, American Bar Association Panel FSIA as Sword or Shield, 7 April 2011, to be found at: -spring-meeting/documents/thursday/shield%20or%20sword/aba%20cle%20final %20re%20Rubin% pdf. Lue, Yin-Shuan, Clark, Polly and Fremont-Smith, Marion R., Countering a Legal Threat to Cultural Exchanges of Works of Art: The Malewicz Case and Proposed Remedies, The Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations, December 2007, Working Paper No. 42. Lufkin, Martha, Whistling past the graveyard isn t enough: U.S. may seek to confiscate painting lent by Austrian Museum which allegedly knew it was Nazi loot, Art Antiquity and Law, September 2002, Vol. 7, Issue 3, pp Malanczuk, Peter, Akehurst s Modern Introduction to International Law, Seventh revised edition, London, New York Malaro, Marie C., A Legal Primer on Managing Museum Collections, Second Edition, Washington Mann, F.A., The State Immunity Act 1978, British Yearbook of International Law, 1979, Vol. 50, pp McFarlane, Catherine, Managing multiple loans for exhibition - A case study: The Medieval Imagination, Illuminated Manuscripts from Cambridge, Australia & New Zealand, 2008 Arc Conference, Sidney: Sharing collections: The ins and outs of loans, to be found at: McNamara, Tom, A Primer on Foreign Sovereign Immunity, Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP, Colorado, Presented to the Union Internationale des Avocats, Winter Seminar on International Civil Litigation and the United States of America, February/March 2006, to be found at: Meijers, H., Fasen van volkenrechtsvorming en het nut van internationaal gewoonterecht, Alphen aan den Rijn, The Hague

9 Meijers, H., How is international law made? - the stages of growth of international law and the use of its customary rules, Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 1980, pp Merryman, John Henry, Cultural Property Internationalism, International Journal of Cultural Property, 2005, Vol. 12, pp Nafziger, James A.R., Seizure and Forfeiture of Cultural Property by the United States, Villanova Sports and Entertainment Law Journal, 1998, Vol. 5, pp Newman, Lawrence M., Attachment of Assets, Huntington Noonan, Rebecca, Immunity from Seizure, in: Fitz Gibbon, Kate (ed.), Who owns the past? Cultural Policy, Cultural Property and the Law, New Brunswick, New Jersey, London 2007, pp O Connell, Anna, Immunity from seizure: an overview, Art Antiquity and Law, January 2006, Vol. XI, Issue 1, pp O Connell, Anna, The United Kingdom s Immunity from Seizure Legislation, LSE Working Papers 20/2008, November Odendahl, Kerstin, Immunität entliehener ausländischer staatlicher Kulturgüter - Eine Analyse der Affäre um die Beschlagnahmung der Gemälde aus dem Pushkin-Museum im November 2005 [Immunity of cultural objects belonging to foreign States on loan - An analysis of the affair of the seizure of the paintings from the Pushkin Museum in November 2005], Aktuelle Juristische Praxis, 2006, No. 10, pp Odendahl, Kerstin, Die völkerrechtliche Vollstreckungsimmunität von Kulturgütern [The immunity from measures of constraint for cultural objects under international law], Presentation Art and Law Seminar, Faculty of Law, University of Basel, Switzerland, 17 June Oppenheim, Lassa and Lauterpacht, Hersch, International Law. A Treatise, Vol. I, London Palmer, Norman, Art Loans, London, The Hague, Boston Palmer, Norman, Museums and the Holocaust, London Palmer, Norman, Cultural Objects; Countering Illicit Movement within the European Community; Initiatives and Avenues of Progress, November Palmer, Norman, Adrift on a sea of troubles: cross-border art loans and the specter of ulterior title, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, October 2005, Vol. 38, Issue 4, pp Palmer, Norman, Comments on the DCMS consultation paper on anti-seizure legislation for cultural objects on loan, 2006, to be found at: 524

10 Pellew, Dominique, Enforcement of the Noga arbitral awards in France, International Arbitration Law Review, 2005, Vol. 1, pp Pieler, Erika C. and Reis, Leonhard, Die Leihe von Kulturgut nach der österreichischen Rechtsordnung [The borrowing of cultural objects according to the Austrian legal order], KUR [Kunst und Recht], 2007, Issue 2, pp Popp, Laura, Arresting Art Loan Seizures, Columbia-VLA Journal of Law & Arts, 2001, Vol. 24, Issue 2, pp Prott, Lyndel V. and O Keefe, Patrick J. Cultural Heritage or Cultural Property?, International Journal of Cultural Property, 1992, No. 1, pp Prott, Lyndel V., The Dja Dja Wurrung Bark Etchings Case, International Journal of Cultural Property, 2006, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp Qi, Dahai, State Immunity, China and Its Shifting Position, Chinese Journal of International Law, 2008, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp Rabkin, Jeffrey, Universal Justice: The Role of Federal Courts in International Civil Litigation, Columbia Law Review, 1995, Vol. 95, No. 8, pp Redmond-Cooper, Ruth, Disputed title to loaned works of art: the Shchukin litigation, Art Antiquity and Law, February 1996, Vol. I, Issue 1, pp Repr. in: Palmer, Norman, Art Loans, London, The Hague, Boston 1997, Appendix IX. Reinisch, August, European Court Practice Concerning State Immunity from Enforcement Measures, European Yearbook of International Law, 2006, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp Reinisch, August, State Immunity from Enforcement Measures, in: Hafner, Gerhard, Kohen, Marcelo G. and Breau, Susan C. (eds.), State Practice Regarding State Immunities, Leiden, Boston Reinisch, August, Enforcement of Investment Awards, in: Yannaca-Small, Katia (ed.), Arbitration under international investment agreements, Oxford 2010, pp Schachter, O., Nawaz, M. and Fried, J., Toward a wider acceptance of U.N. treaties, New York Schoen, Susanne, Die rechtsverbindliche Rückgabezusage - Das Freie Geleit für Kulturgut [The Legally Binding Commitment to Return - Safe Conduct for Cultural Property], Im Labyrinth des Rechts? Wege zum Kulturgüterschutz [In the labyrinth of the law? Ways to the protection of cultural property], Magdeburg 2007, pp Shapiro, Shira T., Case Note: How Republic of Austria v. Altmann and United States v. Portrait of Wally relay the past and forecast the future of Nazi looted art restitution litigation, William Mitchell Law Review, 2008, Vol. 34, Issue 3, pp Shaw, Malcolm N., International Law, Fifth Edition, Cambridge 2003; Sixth edition, Cambridge

11 Siehr, Kurt G., Globalization and national culture: Recent trends toward a liberal exchange of cultural objects, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 2005, Vol. 38, Issue 4, pp Sills, Travis, Judicial Conversion of Culture: Attaching Embodiments of Ancient Culture to Judgments in Civil Proceedings, in: Hutt, Sherry (ed.), Yearbook of Cultural Property Law, 2007, pp Smith, William, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London Spiegel, Judith, Vreemde Staten voor de Nederlandse rechter [Foreign States in Dutch courts], Amsterdam Spiegler, Howard N., Surviving War and Peace: The Long Road to Recovering the Malevich Paintings, The Journal of Art Crime, Spring 2009, p. 4. Staal, Tim, The Malewicz case: The Downfall of Art Exchanges with United States Museums?, University of Amsterdam Stewart, David P., Current Developments - The UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property, American Journal of International Law, January 2005, Vol. 99, No. 1, pp Stewart, David P., Introductory note on the UN Convention on jurisdictional immunities of States and their property, International Legal Materials, 2005, Vol. 44, pp Sucharitkul, Sompong, Jurisdictional Immunities in Contemporary International Law from Asian Perspectives, Chinese Journal of International Law, 2005, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp Sun, Jin, Immunity from execution of judgments under the FSIA - Moderate balance to the new UN Convention, US-China Law Review, May 2007, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp Teekens, M., De gerechtsdeurwaarder [The Court Bailiff], Deventer 1973, p. 74. Thomas, Claire R., That belongs in a Museum! Rubin v. Iran: Implications for the Persian Collection of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Loyola Los Angeles International & Comparative Law Review, 2009, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp Umeda, Sayuri Japan: Promotion of Exhibitions of Foreign Art Works, 5 May 2011, to be found at: Voskuil, C.A.A., The International Law of State Immunity, as reflected in the Dutch Civil Law of Execution, Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 1979, Vol. X, pp Voyiakis, Emmanuel, Access to Court v. State Immunity, International & Comparative Law Quarterly, April 2003, Vol. 52, Part 2, pp Wallace Stuart, R., Immunity from Seizure of Cultural Objects - the Experience in the United States, in: Renold, Marc-André and Gabus, Pierre (eds.), Claims for the restitution of looted 526

12 art, Geneva 2004, pp Warendorf, Hans C.S., Thomas, Richard and Curry-Sumner, Ian, Civil Code of the Netherlands, Alphen aan den Rijn Wawrzyniak, James, Rubin v. the Islamic Republic of Iran: a Struggle for Control of Persian Antiquities in America, Harvard Law School Student Scholarship Series, 2007, Paper 17. Weller, Matthias, Immunity for artworks on loan? A review of international customary law and municipal anti-seizure statutes in the light of the Liechtenstein litigation, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, October 2005, Vol. 38, Issue 4, pp Weller, Matthias, The Safeguarding of Foreign Cultural Objects on Loan in Germany, Art Antiquity and Law, April 2009, Vol. XIV, Issue 1, pp Weller, Matthias, Third-Party Claims on the Occasion of Cross-Border Art Loans in Europe: Brussels I Regulation Anti Seizure-Statutes Human Rights, Art Antiquity and Law, December 2009, Vol. XIV, Issue 4, pp Weller, Matthias, Die rechtsverbindliche Rückgabezusage [The legally binding commitment to return], in: Blaurock, Uwe, Bornkamm, Joachim and Kirchberg, Christian (eds.), Festschrift für Achim Krämer zum 70. Geburtstag am 19. September 2009 [Commemorative vor Achim Krämer on the occasion of his 70th birthday], Berlin 2009, pp Weller, Matthias, Immunity from seizure in Germany, Cultural Heritage & Arts Review, 2010, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp Wessels, B., Kan een provincie failliet gaan? [Can a province be declared bankrupt?], Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Burgerlijk Recht [Dutch Magazine for Civil Law], 1999, No. 9, pp Whiteman, Marjorie, Digest of International Law, Washington D.C. 1968, Vol. 6. Widmer, Benno, Das Kulturgütertransfergesetz und seine Umsetzung in der Schweiz [The Cultural Property Transfer Act and its implementation in Switzerland], KUR [Kunst und Recht], 2010, Issue 5, pp Wiesinger, Eva, State Immunity from Enforcement Measures, University of Vienna, July To be found at: wiesinger.pdf. Willis, Elisabeth, Etched on Bark 1854: contested historical ground, 3 April 2006, paper written for the Museums Australia annual conference, Brisbane, May Woudenberg, Nout van, Declarations of Immunity from Seizure of Foreign Artworks and the Legal Position of Sovereign Art Lenders before U.S. Courts: the Malewicz case, in: Blokker, Niels, Lefeber, René, Lijnzaad, Liesbeth and van Bladel, Ineke (eds.), The Netherlands in Court. Essays in Honour of Johan G. Lammers, Leiden 2006, pp

13 Woudenberg, Nout van, Immunity from Seizure of Cultural Objects belonging to Foreign States: Dutch Legislation and Practice, Cultural Heritage & Arts Review, 2010, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp Woudenberg, Nout van, Immunity from seizure: a legal exploration, in: Pettersson, Susanna, Hagedorn-Saupe, Monika, Jyrkkiö, Teijamari and Weij, Astrid (eds.), Encouraging Collections Mobility - A way forward for Museums in Europe, Helsinki 2010, pp Wouters, Jan and Eeckhoutte, Dries van, Giving Effect to Customary International Law Through European Community Law, Catholic University Leuven, Faculty of Law, Institute for International Law, Working Paper No June Wouters, Jan, Bronnen van het internationale recht [Sources of international law], in: Horbach, Nathalie, Lefeber, René and Ribbelink, Olivier (eds.), Handboek Internationaal Recht [Handbook International Law], The Hague 2007, pp Wouters, Jan and Ryngaert, Cedric, The Impact of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law on the Process of the Formation of Customary International Law, Catholic University Leuven, Faculty of Law, Institute for International Law Working Paper No February Youngblood Reyhan, Patricia, A chaotic palette: conflict of laws in litigation between original owners and good-faith purchasers of stolen art, Duke Law Journal, February 2001, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp Zerbe, Rodney M., Immunity from Seizure for Artworks on Loan to United States Museums, Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, Winter , Vol. 6, No. 4, pp Press articles 2.1 International press [in chronological order] Varoli, John, Rome, la valse de La Danse, Le Journal des Arts, 30 June 2000, No Varoli, John, Disputed Hermitage Matisse leaves Italy, Milan show postponed, The Art Newspaper, July-August 2000, No Varoli, John and Nayeri, Farah, Russia Cancels UK Art Show, Cites Lack of Guarantee, Bloomberg.com, 19 December Russian art loan to London exhibition in doubt amid fears paintings could be seized, International Herald Tribune, 19 December UK Disputes Russia's Claim of Cancelled Exhibition, Artinfo.com, 19 December Akinsha, Konstantin and Kozlov, Grigorij, Fighting for Their Rights, Art News, April 2008, 528

14 Vol. 107, No. 4. Lufkin, Martha, Stedelijk returns five Malevich works to artist s heirs, The Art Newspaper, June 2008, No Somers Cocks, Anna, Revealed: details of contract between Abu Dhabi and France, The Art Newspaper, June 2008, No Hickley, Catherine, Nazi Victim s Family Sues Germany for Looted El Greco, Pissarro, Bloomberg.com, 26 October Ruiz, Cristina, How the Mona Lisa almost came to a watery end, The Art Newspaper, May 2009, No Hornby, Lucy, China calls for return of art treasures from abroad, Reuters, 17 November Baily, Martin, British Museum agrees Iran loan, The Art Newspaper, January 2010, No Jess, Kevin, Canada rejects Jordan s claim to Dead Sea Scrolls, Digital Journal, 3 January Canada Neutral on Dead Sea Scrolls Controversy, Artinfo.com, 5 January Lufkin, Martha, Restitution case targets Thyssen museum, The Art Newspaper, February 2010, No Jordan claims Dead Sea Scrolls from Israel, The Art Newspaper, February 2010, No Lufkin, Martha, Canadian sues Swiss museum for Van Gogh drawing, The Art Newspaper, June 2010, No Dobrzynski, Judith, Settled At Last: Portrait of Wally, Now Purchased By Leopold (Museum), To Return to Vienna, Artsjournal, 21 July Russia refuses to turn over Jewish library to US, The Associated Press, 12 August Lufkin, Martha, Nazi loot case against Spain can move forward, The Art Newspaper, 27 August 2010 (web only). Lufkin, Martha, The case that changed everything, The Art Newspaper, September 2010, No Mullin, Sheppard, Grandma Robbed by Nazis - Grandson Sues Spain to Recover Stolen Paintings, Art Law Gallery, 2 September Benchmarks for , The Art Newspaper, December 2010, No Lufkin, Martha, Spain and Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection petition U.S. Supreme Court, The Art Newspaper, 15 December 2010 (web only). 529

15 Lufkin, Martha, Hungary seeks dismissal in Nazi restitution case, The Art Newspaper, 16 February 2011 (web only). Lufkin, Martha, Iran wins immunity in artefacts case, The Art Newspaper, May 2011, No Stoilas, Helen and Burns, Charlotte, US-Russia cultural cold war continues, The Art Newspaper, 26 May 11 (web only). Czech reclaiming artworks for fear of seizure, The Associated Press, 10 June National press [countries in order of the study and in chronological order] United States of America Jenkins, Robert N., The key to success: Caring, timing and striving, St. Petersburg Times, 6 January Travel Advisory; The Romanovs in Florida, The New York Times, 8 January Dobrzynski, Judith, Already, Schiele Case is Reining in Art World, The New York Times, 10 January Judge says disputed paintings can return to Austria, CNN US, 13 May Museum wins dispute over art allegedly stolen by Nazis, CNN US, 21 September Reynolds, Christopher, Lawsuit seeks to block LACMA s Pushkin show, Los Angeles Times, 16 July McRae, Susan, Heir Sues to Halt LACMA Exhibit, Wall Street Journal, 16 July Holley, David, She works the system, Los Angeles Times, 27 July Bowles, Pete, Met sued over art Nazis allegedly stolen, The New York Times, 21 January Meier, Barry, Painting ordered back to Greece, The New York Times, 24 January Soto, Onell R., Holocaust survivor wants art returned, The San Diego Union-Tribune, 11 May Meier, Barry, Antiquities and Politics Intersect in a Lawsuit, The New York Times, 29 March Dobrzynski, Judith, Lenders Pull Two Bonnards from a Show at the Modern, The New York Times, 29 April

16 McCue, Dan, Holocaust Survivor Heirs Sue for Van Gogh Drawing, Courthouse News Service, 9 December Williams, Carol J., Pissarro masterpiece travels a twisted history, Los Angeles Times, 7 April $19 million settlement in case of painting stolen by Nazis, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, News Releases, 20 July United States announces $19 million settlement in case of painting stolen by Nazi, United States Attorney, Southern District of New York, 20 July The United States of America, the Estate of Lea Bondi Jaray and the Leopold Museum Settle the Long-Standing Case Involving Portrait of Wally by Egon Schiele, Press release by Herrick, Feinstein LLP, 20 July Vogel, Carol, Hungary Sued in Holocaust Art Claim, The New York Times, 27 July Dempsey, Judy, Roadblocks Remain in Case of Paintings Lost to Nazis, The New York Times, 28 October Vogel, Carol and Levy, Clifford J., Dispute Derails Art Loans From Russia, The New York Times, 2 February Glenn, David, U. of Chicago and Museums Win Key Ruling in Legal Battle Over Iranian Antiquities, The Chronicle of Higher Education, 29 March Canada Jordan Asks Canada to seize Dead Sea Scrolls, The Globe and Mail, 1 January Ross, Oakland, Dead Sea Scrolls stir storm at ROM, The Star, 9 April United Kingdom Carroll, Rory, Judge to decide who is lord of The Dance, The Guardian, 14 June Kennedy, Frances, Matisse masterpiece whisked back to Russia, The Independent, 14 June Watson, Peter, Who owns this masterpiece?, The Times, 27 January Romania blocks Tate exhibit, The Guardian, 27 January Greeks withdraw El Greco painting, BBC News, 30 January Page, Jeremy, $1bn of seized art to be returned, Times Online, 17 November

17 Art is to be out of reach for cultural kidnappers, Times Online, 13 March Stolen art works, The Times, 28 November Russia calls off major art loan as ties with UK worsen, The Guardian, 19 December Russian-held art in centre of row after Moscow refuses export to London exhibition, Daily Mail, 20 December Brown, Mark, Russian collectors heirs want compensation for lost art, The Guardian, 22 January The Netherlands Bern geeft Russen in beslag genomen schilderijen terug [Bern returns seized paintings to Russia], Algemeen Dagblad, 16 November Baks, Evelien, Schilderijen terug naar erven [Paintings back to heirs], Algemeen Dagblad, 23 April Heyting, Lien, Vijf doeken van Malevitsj naar erven [Five works of Malevich to heirs], NRC Handelsblad, 24 April The City of Amsterdam and the Heirs of Kazimir Malevich reach an amicable settlement regarding the Malevich collection in Amsterdam, Press release City of Amsterdam, 24 April Rijksmuseum verwerft topstuk Berckheyde [Rijksmuseum acquires master piece Berckheyde], Press release Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, 6 October Bank legt claim op topwerk Rijksmuseum [Bank claims master piece Rijksmuseum], NRC Handelsblad, 17 April Jensma, Folkert, Juridische strijd over schilderij Gouden Bocht [Legal dispute over painting Golden Bend ], NRC Handelsblad, 24 April Fauwe, Loes de, Geen garantie De Bocht terug in Amsterdam [No guarantee that The Bend will return to Amsterdam], Parool, 25 April Rijksmuseum mag De Bocht houden [Rijksmuseum may keep The Bend ], NRC Handelsblad, 28 September Borg, Lucette ter, Achter de dingen [Behind things], NRC Handelsblad, 31 December France From Russia art claimants want compensation from Russia, AFP, 22 January

18 2.2.6 Germany Vorerst keine Sabarsky Ausstelling in Wien [For the time being no Sabarsky exhibtion in Vienna], Frankfurter Algemeine Zeitung, 19 May Curry, Andrew, Russia Threatens to Withhold Artworks, Spiegel Online, 21 December Jordan to ask U.S. and Italy to seize visiting Dead Sea Scrolls, Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 14 January Austria Kunstwerke in Belvedere-Ausstellung beschlagnahmt [Works of art seized in Belvedere exhibition, Nachrichten.at, 24 May Belvedere: Kunst mit Kuckuck [Belvedere: Art with Cuckoo], Der Standard, 25 May Czech Republic Exhibit of Kremlin collection to open in Prague, Prague Daily Monitor, 9 February Kremlin exhibition to be held in Prague, Prague Daily Monitor, 18 February Austrian court seizes CzechRep s property sought by Diag Human, CTK Czech News Agency, 24 May Jones, Tom, Vienna Court demands Czech artwork seizure, Czechposition.com, 24 May Rühmkorf, Christian, Kunst für Blut-Geld internationaler Rechtsstreit spitzt sich zu [Art for blood money - international legal dispute escalates], Radio Prague, 25 May CzechRep says will prove its dispute with Diag Human not over, Ceske Noviny.cz, 26 May Diag Human plans more distraints of Czech property abroad, CTK Czech News Agency, 28 May Jones, Tom, Austrian bailiffs seize Czech artworks, Czechposition.com, 30 May Cultural Ministry orders return of state-owned artworks from abroad to avoid seizure in arbitration case, Radio Prague, 1 June Ministry receives Paris court s ruling on Diag Human case, Prague Daily Monitor, 6 June

19 Compton, Claire, Priceless works of art seized, The Prague Post, 8 June CR reluctant to loan artifacts abroad over Diag Human suit, Prague Daily Monitor, 8 June Vienna court scraps Czech artifacts seizure over Diag Human case, Ceske Noviny.cz, 1 July Italy Conti, Paolo, Mattise, la Danse contesa torna all Ermitage [Contested Mattise, the Dance returns to the Hermitage], Corriere della sera, 13 June La Danse die Matisse: il guidice nega la possibilità di sequestro [ La Danse by Matisse: the court denies possibility of sequestration], Corrierre della sera, 21 July Russian Federation Andriasova, Tatyana, Shchukin s unique art collection returns to Russia, The Moscow News, 11 October Noga s Arrest a No Go, Kommersant, 17 November Aftermath of the Arts Scandal, Kommersant, 18 November They Won t Let Matisse Go to Britain, Kommersant, 20 December Britain Guarantees Guarantee by Jan 7, Kommersant, 27 December VTB Accounts Frozen Over Swiss Debt Claim, Moscow Times, 15 January Alexander Kogan: NOGA Isn t Done Yet, Moscow News Weekly, 24 January Israel Henry, Marilyn, An artful dilemma, Jerusalem Post, 22 January Brinn, David, Israel Museum exhibits hope to match looted Holocaust art with the owners, Jerusalem Post, 13 February Brinn, David, The art of restitution, Jerusalem Post, 14 February Tuchmayer, Avi, Stolen Holocaust Art at the Israel Museum, IsraelNationalNews.com, 19 February Henry, Marilyn, Metro Views: A whimper, not a bang, Jerusalem Post, 12 September Fendel, Hillel, Jordan, PA Claim Dead Sea Scrolls, IsraelNationalNews.com, 2 January 534

20 2010. O Sullivan, Arieh, Palestinians claim Dead Sea Scrolls, The Jerusalem Post, 3 January China and the territory of Taiwan Hua, Zhuang, Feature: Auction of looted Chinese relics hurts China's cultural rights, China View, 26 February New Japan law opens way for exhibits, The China Post, 26 March Australia Safe, Georgina, Artefact Stoush Risks Future Loans, The Australian, 22 October International reports 3.1 UNESCO Legal and Practical Measures Against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property, UNESCO Handbook, International Standards Section, Division of Cultural Heritage, Paris Unidroit Explanatory Report to the 1995 Unidroit Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Objects, to be found at: Council of Europe Explanatory Report on the European Convention on State Immunity, to be found at: European Union Study No : An inventory of national systems of public guarantees in 31 European countries, Réunion des Musées Nationaux, Etablissement Public à Caractère Industriel et Commercial (EPIC) Paris (France) in collaboration with Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Preussischer Kulturbesitz Berlin (Germany), June Report on a legal framework for free movement within the internal market of goods whose ownership is likely to be contested, 26 November 2003, to be found at: 535

21 Lending to Europe: Recommendations on collection mobility for European Museums, a report produced by an independent group of experts, set up by EU Council Resolution 13839/04, April Action Plan for the EU Promotion of Museum Collections Mobility and Loan Standards, endorsed 17 October 2006, to be found at: Work Plan for Culture , to be found at: Report of the subgroup Immunity from Seizure of the Expert Group Mobility of Collections, June 2010, to be found at: Conclusions and Recommendations subgroup Immunity from Seizure, Expert Group Mobility of Collections, June 2010, to be found at: Final Report and Recommendations to the Cultural Affairs Committee on Improving the Means of Increasing the Mobility of Collections, OMC Expert Group Mobility of Collections, June 2010, to be found at: Commission Report to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the implementation of the European Agenda for Culture, Doc. COM (2010)390 final, 9 July Work Plan for Culture , to be found at: Explanatory Report to the 2007 Lugano Convention on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, Official Journal C 319, 23 December 2009, p Organization of American States Annual Report of the Inter-American Juridical Committee to the [OAS] General Assembly 2000, 25 August 2000, CJI/doc.45/00, to be found at: International Law Commission [in chronological order] Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its thirtieth session, UN Doc. 536

22 A/33/10, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1978, Vol. II, Part Two. Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1981, Vol. I, Summary records of the meetings of the thirty-third session, UN Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1981. Third report on the jurisdictional immunities of States and their property, by Mr. Sompong Sucharitkul, Special Rapporteur, UN Doc. A/CN.4/340, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1981, Vol. II, Part One, Documents of the thirty-eighth session, pp Report of the Commission to the General Assembly on the work of its thirty-fourth session, Doc. A/37/10, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1982, Vol. II, Part Two. Fifth report on the jurisdictional immunities of States and their property, by Mr. Sompong Sucharitkul, Special Rapporteur, UN Doc. A/CN.4/363, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1983, Vol. II, Part One, Documents of the thirty-fifth session, pp Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1985, Vol. I, Summary records of the meetings of the thirty-seventh session, UN Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1985. Seventh report on jurisdictional immunities of States and their property, by Mr. Sompong Sucharitkul, Special Rapporteur, UN Doc. A/CN.4/388, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1985, Vol. II, Part One, Documents of the thirty-seventh session, pp Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1985, Vol. I, Summary records of the meetings of the thirty-seventh session, UN Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1985. Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1986, Vol. I, Summary records of the meetings of the thirty-eighth session, UN Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1986. Eighth report on the jurisdictional immunities of States and their property, by Mr. Sompong Sucharitkul, Special Rapporteur, UN Doc. A/CN.4/396, Yearbook of the International Law Commission,1986, Vol. II, Part One, Documents of the thirty-eighth session, pp Report of the Commission to the General Assembly on the work of its thirty-eighth session, Doc. A/41/10, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1986, Vol. II, Part Two. Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1988, Vol. I, Summary records of the meetings of the fortieth session, UN Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1988. Comments and observations received from Governments, UN Doc. A/CN.4/410 and Add. 1-5, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1988, Vol. II, Part One, Documents of the fortieth session, pp Preliminary report on jurisdictional immunities of States and their property, by Mr. Motoo Ogiso, Special Rapporteur, UN Doc. A/CN.4/415, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1988, Vol. II, Part One, Documents of the fortieth session, pp Second report on jurisdictional immunities of States and their property, by Mr. Motoo Ogiso, Special Rapporteur, UN Doc. A/CN.4/422, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1989, Vol. II, Part One, Documents of the forty-first session, pp

23 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1991, Vol. I, Summary records of the meetings of the forty-third session, UN Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1991. Report of the Commission to the General Assembly on the work of its forty-third session, UN Doc. A/46/10, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1991, Vol. II, Part Two, pp Report of the Commission to the General Assembly on the work of its fifty-first session, UN Doc. A/54/10, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1999, Vol. II, Part Two. Report of the Commission to the General Assembly on the work of its fifty-third session, UN Doc. A/56/10, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 2001, Vol. II, Part Two, pp Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property (4-15 February 2002), General Assembly Official Records, fifty-seventh session, Suppl. No. 22 (UN Doc. A/57/22). Fragmentation of International Law: difficulties arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law, Report of the Study Group of the International Law Commission, 18 July 2006, UN Doc. A/CN.4/l International Law Association Draft Convention on State immunity, Report of the 60th Conference, Montreal, 29 August - 4 September 1982, pp. 5-10, Resolution No. 6: State Immunity ; 22 ILM 287 (1983). Draft Convention on State immunity, Report of the 66th Conference, Buenos Aires, August Final Report of the ILA Committee on Formation of Customary (General) International Law, London, 2000, to be found at the ILA website: Institute of International Law International Regulation of the jurisdiction of courts relating to process against sovereign States and foreign heads of State, Hamburg, 11 September Resolution on immunity of foreign States in relation to jurisdiction and enforcement, Aixen-Provence, 1954, Annuaire de l Institut de Droit International, 1954, Vol. 45, pp Also to be found at: Resolution on Contemporary Problems Concerning the Immunity of States in Relation to Questions of Jurisdiction and Enforcement, Basel, 1991, Annuaire de l Institut de Droit International, 1991, Vol. 64-1, pp Also to be found at: 538

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