CASES FOR DISCUSSION. The Gap
|
|
- Monica Gilmore
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Note: the following case is copyrighted and may be copied and used only by current users and owners of the textbook, BUSINESS ETHICS: CONCEPTS AND CASES by Manuel Velasquez. CASES FOR DISCUSSION The Gap On Monday July 24, 1995, Stanley Raggio, senior vice president for international sourcing and logistics for The Gap, Inc., opened a copy of The New York Times and found the article on the Gap. There, in a story by Bob Herbert, he saw his boss, Donald G. Fisher, being castigated for sourcing practices that he, Stan Raggio, was charged with managing. The hundreds of thousands of young (and mostly female) factory workers in Central America who earn next to nothing and often live in squalor have been an absolute boon to American clothing company executives like Donald G. Fisher, the chief executive of the Gap and Banana Republic empire, who lives in splendor and paid himself more than $2 million last year. Judith Viera is an 18-year-old who worked at a maquiladora plant in El Salvador that made clothing for the Gap and other companies. She was paid a pathetic 56 cents an hour. Donald Fisher should meet Judith Viera, spend some time with her, listen to her as she describes in a still-childish voice her most innocent of dreams. She would like to earn enough money to buy a little more food for her mother and two sisters. She would like to go to high school. But Donald Fisher is a busy man. It takes a great deal of time to oversee an empire balanced on the backs of youngsters like Ms. Viera (and her counterparts in Asia). 1 The article in The New York Times was one of hundreds that were to appear in newspapers across the United States during the next few months describing human rights violations and subsistencelevel wages at suppliers in Central America from which the Gap and other clothing retailers sourced their apparel. The Gap, Inc. is a chain of retail stores that sell casual apparel, shoes, and accessories for men, women, and children. Headquartered in San Francisco, the stores operate under a variety of names including: Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy Clothing Company, GapKids, and babygap. All merchandise sold by the chain is private label. 3 The Gap was founded in 1969 when Donald Fisher and his wife, Doris, opened a small clothing store near San Francisco State University. By 1971 they were operating six Gap stores. In 1983 Fisher enticed Millard Drexler, former president of Ann Taylor, into taking over as the new president of the Gap, while Fisher became Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the company. Drexler transformed the company by replacing the drab lines of clothing the store had been stocking, with new brightly colored lines of rugged high quality cotton clothes.
2 In 1995 Fisher retired as CEO and Drexler, now aged 50, took over the title. By now the Gap had 1348 well-located stores in the U.S. and Puerto Rico, 72 in Canada, 49 in the United Kingdom, and 3 in France. Competition was intense and earlier R. H. Macy and Federated stores had been forced to file chapter 11 bankruptcy. The Gap, however, had been doing very well, with 1994 profits of $258 million on sales of $3.723 billion. 3 Apparel stores like the Gap purchased their clothes from manufacturers in the United States and around the world. Some 20,000 contractors in the United States, most employing 5 to 50 workers, sewed clothes for companies like the Gap. The apparel manufacturing industry in the United States was under intense pressure from imports since the work was so labor-intensive, and labor was less regulated and much cheaper in many developing countries, depressing both wages and working conditions in the United States. For example, it is estimated that in China, wage rates in the apparel industry are approximately one-twentieth of U.S. rates. Since 1990 the U.S. had lost more than a half a million textile and apparel jobs, and companies struggling to survive in the United States often had working conditions as bad as anything to be found in developing countries. A 1989 study by the General Accounting Office discovered that two-thirds of the 7000 garment shops in New York City were sweatshops. 4 A spot check by the Labor Department in Southern California had found that 93 percent of the shops checked had health and safety violations. The Gap contracted with over 500 manufacturers around the world who made the Company s private-label apparel according to Gap s specifications. Gap Inc. purchased about 30 percent of its clothes from manufacturers located in the United States and 70 percent from vendors located in 46 foreign countries. No single supplier provided more than 5 percent of its merchandise. On May 10, 1993, a toy-factory fire in Thailand killed over two hundred workers and injured five hundred. The toy factory was owned by Kader Industries which made toys at the plant for some of the largest toy companies in the United States including, Toys R Us, Fisher-Price and Tyco. U.S. Customs Service documents revealed that during the first three months of 1993, U.S. companies had imported more than 270 tons of toys from the Thai factory. The accident drew attention not only to the responsibilities of the Toy industry, but to the responsibilities of all U.S. industries and consumers in ensuring that products are made under safe and humane working conditions regardless of where they are produced. In the wake of concern over Third World working conditions, the Gap had also adopted a set of Sourcing Principles and Guidelines. These provided standards that vendors had to meet including: engage in no form of discrimination, use no forced or prison labor, employ no children under 14 years of age, provide a safe working environment for employees, pay the legal minimum wage or the local industry standard whichever is greater, meet all applicable local environmental regulations and comply with the Gap s own more stringent environmental standards, neither threaten nor penalize employees for their efforts to organize or bargain collectively, uphold all local customs laws. To ensure compliance with its standards the Gap sent a Gap Field Representative to conduct an in-depth interview with a prospective supplier prior to the initiation of a business relationship. Among the suppliers from whom the Gap sourced its clothes was one in El Salvador run by Mandarin International, a Taiwanese-owned company that operated apparel assembly plants around the world. The Gap had begun contracting with the Mandarin plant in El Salvador about A worker there was paid approximately 12 cents for assembling a Gap three-quarter sleeve T-shirt or turtleneck which retailed at about $20 in the United States. Wages at the Mandarin plant averaged 56 cents an hour, a level that was claimed to provide only 18 percent of the amount needed to support a family of four but which was consistent with the industry standard for the region. 5
3 El Salvador is now a constitutional democracy. 6 In 1992 the country finally had ended a 12-year civil war that had torn the country apart with massacres and death squad killings and that had left 70,000 people dead. In spite of dramatic declines, the level of violence in El Salvador remained high, particularly murder, assaults, and robberies, including crimes against women and children. About 40 percent of the population was living below the poverty level. In spite of increases in the average monthly wage, inflation had brought about a decline in real wages. This in turn had encouraged foreign apparel makers to set up apparel factories there. The government maintained six free trade zones where foreign countries are allowed to import and export goods for assembly within the country without paying tariffs. Foreign companies operating within the free trade zones are called maquiladoras and they often paid better than companies outside the zones. Although the law prohibits employers from firing or harrassing employees who are trying to start a union, government authorities sometimes do not enforce this requirement. The Labor Code also prohibits minors between 14 and 18 years of age from being worked more than 6 hours a day, and the maximum normal workweek for adults is set at 44 hours unless overtime rates are paid. However, these rules are also not always enforced. Troubles erupted at the Mandarin plant which was located in one of the free trade zones in early February 1995 when workers notified the company of their intent to form a union, a right authorized by the Salvadoran labor code. 7 The Ministry of Labor granted the union legal status, the first union to be recognized in a free trade zone in El Salvador. The Mandarin company was notified of the legal status of the union on February 7. It responded by closing down the plant on February 8. Workers spent that day and night camped out in front of the factory. The next morning company security guards attacked and beat some of the female workers. 8 An emergency commission met, and the evening of February 9, the company agreed to end the lock-out, to recognize the union, and to comply with the Salvadoran Labor Code. A few days later, however, Mandarin fired over 150 union members and supporters. 9 In late March 1995 managers at the Gap became aware of claims that the management of the Mandarin factory was resisting union efforts to organize, in violation of Gap guidelines. Events at the plant were starting to receive publicity in the media, particularly with legislation now pending in Congress that would affect imports from the area. A Gap executive, Stan Raggio, went to El Salvador to investigate the situation. 10 While there he interviewed a number of workers regarding conditions at the factory. At the conclusion of his visit he reported that he had found no human rights abuses or other violations of the company s corporate sourcing policies. The company would, however, continue to monitor the situation at Mandarin. In April the Gap suspended placement of new orders at the Mandarin plant and announced it would not place more orders until it had determined whether the allegations were well-founded. 11 On Monday May 15, the workers union called a work stoppage to protest the continued firings of union people. Company guards are said to have physically attacked and beat union leaders when they stood up to announce the work stoppage. 12 Mandarin again closed the plant and fired all of the union leadership. An emergency commission was again convened and it again reached an agreement with the company, and the next morning the company reopened its doors. The company, however, refused to hire back the union leaders the next day. In May the Gap s Stanley P. Raggio again went to El Salvador to investigate the situation, and was again unable to get clear testimony from workers interviewed at the plant that their union rights were being violated.
4 American unions, such as the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, had long been concerned by conditions in offshore apparel sweatshops like the Mandarin plant with which American apparel manufacturers had to compete. Until the conditions of apparel workers in those countries improved, the plight of apparel workers in the United States would probably also remain unchanged since American companies could not afford worker amenities when they were competing against foreign companies that provided their workers with the barest minimum. Union leadership, therefore, had turned increasing attention to improving the conditions of labor in countries outside the United States with whom U.S. workers were now competing. The National Labor Relation Committee, a coalition of 25 labor unions, now made plans to launch a national campaign early in the summer of 1995 protesting harsh conditions faced by workers in Caribbean and Central American apparel contracting plants. The union decided to focus attention on workers attempts to unionize the Mandarin plant, on the subsistence wages prevalent in the area, and on the sweatshop conditions at the plant. During the summer of 1995, the National Labor Committee, arranged to have two young maquiladora workers Judith Viera, an 18-year-old former employee at Mandarin, and Claudia Molina, a 17-year-old former employee at Orion Apparel, a Korean-owned maquiladora in Choloma, Honduras spend 59 days crisscrossing the United States and Canada, visiting over 20 cities to criticize the Gap and other companies at press conferences and public meetings arranged by the National Labor Committee. At press conferences, the two women and representatives of the National Labor Committee accused the Gap of a cover-up of the situation at Mandarin, and described in detail long hours of work for 56 cents an hour; violence against union supporters, sexual harassment from supervisors, lack of clean drinking water, not being allowed to use rest rooms, and being forced to sweep the factory grounds under a torrid sun as a punishment. The publicity focused enormous attention on the Gap and its vendor in El Salvador. Major articles based on interviews with the two employees appeared in all major newspapers in the country. 13 The National Labor Relations Committee urged consumers to boycott the Gap and t o telephone or write to Gap executives voicing their displeasure about conditions at their vendor s factory. Union officials demanded that the Gap undertake a joint investigation, with the National Labor Relations Committee, of the situation at Mandarin, should pressure Mandarin to reinstate the fired union workers, and should commit itself to third party, independent monitoring of contractors compliance with the GAP code of conduct. The union noted plans to begin a broader range of coordinated actions at GAP stores across the United States and Canada leafleting consumers, etc. starting the day after Thanksgiving, when the critical Christmas buying season began. 14 The week of August 27, Stanley Raggio once again visited El Salvador and met with U.S. and E l Salvadoran government officials as well as several current and former factory workers in an attempt to objectively assess conditions at the factory. In a public statement issued after the visitation the company stated that Despite this intensive effort our investigation has not uncovered any significant evidence supporting the allegations or indicating that there has been any serious violations of our sourcing guidelines. Based on our investigation, we have determined with confidence that the Mandarin factory treats its workers well and meets our standards of fairness and decency. 15 The National Labor Relations Committee responded with news releases stating that several human rights organizations had verified its accusations and that workers had not spoken with the Gap out of fear. On the evening of Wednesday, August 2, Stanley Raggio met with Charles Kernaghan, executive director of the National Labor Committee to discuss the charges against the plant that the National Labor Committee was making in its summer campaign. Earlier that same day the NLC had held a demonstration at the Gap s distribution center in San Francisco. Both sides felt the discussions were productive but there were no immediate changes. 16
5 Two months later, Bob Herbert, writer for the New York Times visited El Salvador to investigate the situation for himself. On October 9 and on October 13 the New York Times published articles by him that were harshly critical of the Gap for continuing to claim that there was no evidence t o corroborate the charges of the National Labor Committee. 17 Herbert claimed to have interviewed over 30 women in El Salvador who had been fired for being union members. He had interviewed the president of the Mandarin plant who had confirmed that the women had worked at the plant but had left in late June. Interviews with local church groups and with the Government s Office for the Defense of Human Rights, he said, had also confirmed the mass firing of union workers. The question that now faced Stan Raggio and his fellow managers was: what to do? QUESTIONS 1. What course of action would you recommend to Stanley Raggio? Should the Gap give in to the Union s demand that the Gap undertake a joint investigation, with the National Labor Relations Committee, of the situation a t Mandarin, should pressure Mandarin to reinstate the fired union workers, and should commit itself to third party, independent monitoring of contractors compliance with the GAP code of conduct. 2. Should companies like the Gap attempt to get their suppliers to pay more than the local industry standard when it is insufficient to live on? Should they pay wages in the Third World that are equivalent to U.S. wages? Should they provide the same levels of medical benefits that are provided in the United States? The same levels of workplace safety? 3. Is a company like the Gap morally responsible for the way its suppliers treat their workers? Explain your answer. NOTES 1. Bob Herbert, Sweatshop Beneficiaries, New York Times, July 24, Patrick J. Spain and James R. Talbot, eds., Hoover s Handbook of American Companies, 1996, (Austin, TX: The Reference Press, 1996), p The Gap, Annual Report, Look Who s Sweating Now: How Robert Reich is Turning Up the Heat on Retailers, Business Week, 16 October Letter of Charles Kernaghan, Executive Director, National Labor Committee Education Fund In Support of Worker and Human Rights in Central America, 15 Union Square, New York, NY 10003; dated May 18, Information in this and the following paragraphs is drawn from: U.S. Department of State s Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1994, (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, Richard Rothstein, USAID Teaching El Salvador How to Suppress Labor, The Sacramento Bee, (Final Edition), 8 June National Labor Committee, News Release, 28 June Free Trade Zone Organizers Told Blood Will Flow, LaborLink, June August, 1995, no The Gap, Press Release, reported in Business Wire Information Services, 28 July Joyce Barrett, Caribbean Rights Group Heading for Gap Offices, Women s Wear Daily, 2 August, Ibid.
6 13. Articles appeared in: the New York Times (July 21, 24), the Washington Post (July 24), the Los Angeles Times (July, date unknown), The Miami Herald (July 1), The Toronto Star (August 16), The Toronto Globe and Mail (August 16), the Twin Cities Star Tribune (July 7), the Hartford Journal (July 12), the Toledo Blade (July 31), the San Francisco Examiner (August 2), the San Francisco Chronicle (August 1), the Sacramento Bee (June 8, August 1), the New York Newsday (June 27), the New York Daily News, the Women s Wear Daily (August 2, 4, 9, 11), and dozens of other major metropolitan newspapers around the United States. 14. Letter entitled Outline/Proposal, The GAP Campaign, A Strategy to Win from National Labor Committee Education Fund in Support of Worker and Human Rights in Central America, 15 Union Square, New York, NY 10003, dated October 18, Letter of Dotti Hatcher, Director, Sourcing & Trade Compliance, The Gap, dated September 11, Gap Meets Rights Group on Salvador, Women s Wear Daily, 4 August Bob Herbert, Not a Living Wage, (Op-Ed), New York Times, 9 October 1995, and In Deep Denial, (Op- Ed), New York Times, 13 October 1995.
In Chinese Factories, Lost Fingers and Low Pay
In Chinese Factories, Lost Fingers and Low Pay January 5, 2008 By DAVID BARBOZA Oded Balilty/Associated Press Chinese workers can face serious work hazards and abuse. In Hebei Province in northern China,
More informationPage 2
Julie Su The slave labor case in El Monte, California is probably the most notorious example of sweatshop abuse in modern American history. (Allow us to be the latest in a long line of people to thank
More informationTrade and Human Dignity in the Workplace
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Karel De Gucht European Commissioner for Trade Trade and Human Dignity in the Workplace Conference: EU Imports and Human Dignity in the Workplace, European Parliament/ Brussels 9 July
More informationNOT Made in USA: A Research Paper on Sweatshops and How They Could or Could Not Always Be a Bad Thing. By: Diana Joines and Christina Zahn
1 NOT Made in USA: A Research Paper on Sweatshops and How They Could or Could Not Always Be a Bad Thing By: Diana Joines and Christina Zahn CRS 530 Consumer Economics April 25, 2009 2 Introduction This
More informationIssues and Comments on the Designated Supplier Program (DSP) Proposal
Issues and on the Designated Supplier Program (DSP) Proposal FLA constituents have raised a number of issues related to the DSP and asked that the FLA comment on them. This document presents some of the
More informationAdvanced Placement Human Geography Summer 2016 Reading Assignment
Important Note: Please be sure to obtain the updated version of the book. There are chapters in the newer edition that were not in previous editions. Ms. R. Winkler/Ms. A. Rudoy rwinkler@ghchs.com arudoy@ghchs.com
More informationReading Essentials and Study Guide
Lesson 1 The Labor Movement ESSENTIAL QUESTION What features of the modern labor industry are the result of union action? Reading HELPDESK Academic Vocabulary legislation laws enacted by the government
More informationJOBS IN A GLOBALIZING ECONOMY * ONE WOMAN S STORY 1 JOBS LEAVING THE U.S.
JOBS IN A GLOBALIZING ECONOMY * God has given us a planet filled with abundance for all. But when some have too much, others have too little. When some are too powerful, others are too weak. These injustices,
More informationShawna Bader-Blau, Executive Director, Solidarity Center. Testimony before the Senate Standing Committee on Human Rights, Parliament of Canada
Shawna Bader-Blau, Executive Director, Solidarity Center Testimony before the Senate Standing Committee on Human Rights, Parliament of Canada Monday, June 8, 2015 Garment Worker Rights and Corporate Social
More informationInternational Forum on Clean Clothes Brings New Perspectives for Campaigns
International Forum on Clean Clothes Brings New Perspectives for Campaigns From April 30th to May 5th 1998 the International Forum on Clean Clothes took place in Brussels. A jury of the Permanent Peoples'
More information"Gapatistas" Win a Victory
Volume 1 Number 24 Tough Questions, Fresh Ideas, and New Models: Fuel for the New Labor Movement Labor Research Review Article 12 1996 "Gapatistas" Win a Victory Jon Pattee This Article is brought to you
More informationMessage from the Editor :
August 2018 62 nd Issue Message from the Editor : Based on the laws and policies addressing to human trafficking in different countries and areas, the US Department of State releases the Trafficking in
More informationHOW TO MAKE TRADE BENEFIT WORKERS? Core Labour Standards Plus Linking trade and decent work in global supply chains
HOW TO MAKE TRADE BENEFIT WORKERS? Core Labour Standards Plus Linking trade and decent work in global supply chains WHAT IS CLS+ By specialising in goods where countries have a lower opportunity cost,
More informationForced Child Labor in the Uzbekistan Cotton Sector. Enough Talk. Time for Action NOW
Forced Child Labor in the Uzbekistan Cotton Sector Enough Talk. Time for Action NOW Presented by: A. Mark Neuman National Research Council National Academy of Sciences Identifying Good Practices for Producers/Purchasers
More informationCentral America strategic sourcing review a focus on Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras
Central America strategic sourcing review a focus on Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras 2016 edition Image Forster Rohner Textile Innovations E-broidery Technology Central America strategic sourcing review
More informationSURVEY ON RECRUITMENT PRACTICES IN THE GARMENT INDUSTRY IN CAMBODIA
SURVEY ON RECRUITMENT PRACTICES IN THE GARMENT INDUSTRY IN CAMBODIA THE GARMENT INDUSTRY IN CAMBODIA A Survey on Recruitment Practices by Menghun Kaing The Asia Foundation 2017 About The Asia Foundation
More informationWhat are the problems particular to the region/ to particular countries within the region?
Defending workers' rights in Asia What are the problems particular to the region/ to particular countries within the region? Continuing dominance of the informal sector and, as a result, of unregulated/poor
More informationHistory route 2 Higher level and standard level Paper 1 communism in crisis
History route 2 Higher level and standard level Paper 1 communism in crisis 1976 1989 Thursday 14 May 2015 (morning) 1 hour Instructions to candidates Do not open this examination paper until instructed
More informationArgentina and Brazil: the clothing sector and the Bolivian migration
Argentina and Brazil: the clothing sector and the Bolivian migration Cibele Saliba Rizek, Isabel Georges and Carlos Freire ICDD Research Cluster Work, Livelihoods and Economic Security in the 21 st Century:
More informationTestimony before the Senate Committee on Finance on the U.S.-Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) on behalf of the
Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America Association of American Chambers of Commerce in Latin America 1615 H Street NW, Washington, D.C., 20062 tel: +1-202-463-5485 fax: +1-202-463-3126 Testimony
More informationSPECIAL REPORT. Text / Valeska Solis Translation / Chris Whitehouse. 18 / SPECIAL REPORT / Metal World / Photo: Leiaute/Brazil
SPECIAL REPORT D CULTURAL CHANGE IN LATIN AMERICAN UNIONS Text / Valeska Solis Translation / Chris Whitehouse 18 / SPECIAL REPORT / Metal World / www.imfmetal.org Photo: Leiaute/Brazil Improving gender
More informationINTERNATIONALLY-RECOGNISED CORE LABOUR STANDARDS IN EGYPT
INTERNATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF FREE TRADE UNIONS (ICFTU) INTERNATIONALLY-RECOGNISED CORE LABOUR STANDARDS IN EGYPT REPORT FOR THE WTO GENERAL COUNCIL REVIEW OF THE TRADE POLICIES OF EGYPT (Geneva, 26 and
More informationOUR Walmart Members Won t Be Silenced
Monthly Update for Allies August 01 OUR Walmart Members Won t Be Silenced Over the last year, OUR Walmart has grown from a group of 100 Walmart workers to an army of thousands of members in hundreds of
More informationTrade Costs and Export Decisions
Chapter 8 Firms in the Global Economy: Export Decisions, Outsourcing, and Multinational Enterprises Trade Costs and Export Decisions Most U.S. firms do not report any exporting activity at all sell only
More informationEducation programs in conjunction with the exhibition Jacob A. Riis: Revealing New York s Other Half are supported by:
Education programs in conjunction with the exhibition Jacob A. Riis: Revealing New York s Other Half are supported by: The exhibition is made possible by: Students will analyze visual and textual primary
More informationWorking conditions Monotonous same job day after day hour shifts, 6 days a week Dangerous machinery with no safety precautions Workers frequentl
Labor Unions Working conditions Monotonous same job day after day 12 16 hour shifts, 6 days a week Dangerous machinery with no safety precautions Workers frequently lost fingers, limbs, eyesight, & hearing
More informationCOMMITTEE GUIDE. International Labor Organisation CHAIR: Kim Sonnenberg DEPUTY CHAIR: Yichen Cao
COMMITTEE GUIDE International Labor Organisation CHAIR: Kim Sonnenberg DEPUTY CHAIR: Yichen Cao Chair and Deputy Hi everybody, My name is Kim Sonnenberg and I am 15 years old. I am currently attending
More informationIntroduction. General of the United Nations, January Retrieved from haiticollier.pdf.
1 Introduction Abigail Martinez earned only 55 cents per hour stitching clothing in an El Salvadoran garment factory. She worked as long as eighteen hours a day in an unventilated room; the company provided
More informationAmerican labor union pressured Apple to make concessions to Foxconn: Chinese union invited to form alliance
Translated by China Labor News Translations http://www.clntranslations.org American labor union pressured Apple to make concessions to Foxconn: Chinese union invited to form alliance Century Economic Report
More informationHONDURAS IS GROWING, BE PART OF THE CHANGE INVEST IN HONDURAS
HONDURAS IS GROWING, BE PART OF THE CHANGE INVEST IN HONDURAS A COUNTRY IS ATTRACTIVE FOR INVESTMENT WHEN IT OFFERS: A. A stable legal framework, that guarantees the principle of free enterprise, that
More informationNo place in the sun: A study of working conditions in the tourism sector in Thailand and Turkey
No place in the sun: A study of working conditions in the tourism sector in Thailand and Turkey Tourism is one of the world s largest industries, accounting for 9 per cent of global GDP and employing an
More informationU.S. China Trade Debate Filled With Questions
U.S. China Trade Debate Filled With Questions United States Congressman Frank Wolf Mar 22, 2004 "The Chinese government has intensified its crackdown on the people of Tibet stealing their very soul and
More informationBangladesh: An Update
Bangladesh: An Update Avedis H. Seferian, Esq. President & CEO Worldwide Responsible Accredited Production (WRAP) Ethical Sourcing Forum New York City March 27, 2014 Agenda Bangladesh Overview RMG Industry
More informationRana Plaza and trade unions. New Internationalist Easier English Ready Intermediate Lesson
Rana Plaza and trade unions New Internationalist Easier English Ready Intermediate Lesson This lesson: Quiz +infographic Reading Speaking Grammar practice Writing Quiz: 1) Which country has the highest
More informationThe End of the Multi-fiber Arrangement on January 1, 2005
On January 1 2005, the World Trade Organization agreement on textiles and clothing expired. All WTO members have unrestricted access to the American and European markets for their textiles exports. The
More informationLabor Management Standards RECRUITING, HIRING AND TERMINATION. Critical Standards for All Certifications. Critical Standards for U.S.
RECRUITING, HIRING AND TERMINATION Ensure that the pay of all workers (including for temporary, piece rates, seasonal, and migrant workers) meet, at a minimum, national and state minimum wage requirements
More informationHearing of the House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means
Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America Association of American Chambers of Commerce in Latin America 1615 H Street NW, Washington, D.C., 20062 tel: +1-202-463-5485 fax: +1-202-463-3126 Hearing
More informationCampaign Analysis - CIW Campaign for Fair Food
Campaign Analysis - CIW Campaign for Fair Food i. Farmworker Poverty and Human Rights Abuse Farmworkers who pick tomatoes for the fast-food industry are among this country's most exploited workers. Details:
More informationSummary The Beginnings of Industrialization KEY IDEA The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain and soon spread elsewhere.
Summary The Beginnings of Industrialization KEY IDEA The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain and soon spread elsewhere. In the early 1700s, large landowners in Britain bought much of the land
More informationLESSON 4 The Miracle on the Han: Economic Currents
The Miracle on the Han: Economic Currents Like other countries, Korea has experienced vast social, economic and political changes as it moved from an agricultural society to an industrial one. As a traditionally
More informationGARMENT WORKERS WORLDWIDE: PROMOTING A GLOBAL DIALOGUE Millennium Biltmore Hotel, Los Angeles, California October 11-13, 2001
GARMENT WORKERS WORLDWIDE: PROMOTING A GLOBAL DIALOGUE Millennium Biltmore Hotel, Los Angeles, California October 11-13, 2001 The purpose of this dialogue was to discuss the changing global economy and
More informationProgressive Public Relations, Sweatshops, and the Net
Political Communication, 17:403 407, 2000 Copyright ã 2000 Taylor & Francis 1058-4609/00 $12.00 +.00 Progressive Public Relations, Sweatshops, and the Net B. J. BULLERT Keywords activism, anti-sweatshop
More informationFair Trade for an Equitable Economic Order. Anne-Françoise Taisne
Fair Trade for an Equitable Economic Order Anne-Françoise Taisne France, Activist 1 FAIR TRADE FOR AN EQUITABLE ECONOMIC ORDER Fair trade organisations have been working for more than 40 years for more
More informationNovember 16, Dear Members of the Committee:
November 16, 2009 The Honorable Charles Rangel The Honorable Dave Camp The Honorable Sander Levin The Honorable Kevin Brady Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade U.S. House of Representatives
More informationIntroduction to World Trade. Economia Internacional I International Trade theory August 15 th, Lecture 1
Introduction to World Trade Economia Internacional I International Trade theory August 15 th, 2012 Lecture 1 Free Trade Free Trade occurs when a government does not attempt to influence, through quotas
More informationINTERNATIONALLY RECOGNISED CORE LABOUR STANDARDS IN MACAO, S.A.R.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE UNION CONFEDERATION (ITUC) INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNISED CORE LABOUR STANDARDS IN MACAO, S.A.R. REPORT FOR THE WTO GENERAL COUNCIL REVIEW OF TRADE POLICIES OF MACAO Geneva, 30 April and
More informationPeter McAllister Executive Director, ETI
The ETI Base Code About ETI For 20 years, ETI and our members have been a driving force in ethical trade. We influence business to act responsibly and promote decent work. Together, we tackle the complex
More information3.1 How does the economy of the globalised world function in different places?
3.1 How does the economy of the globalised world function in different places? a. The balance between employment sectors (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary) varies spatially and is changing.
More informationAgatha, the first named storm of this year's Pacific hurricane season, lashed Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador killing at least 180 people - most
Agatha, the first named storm of this year's Pacific hurricane season, lashed Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador killing at least 180 people - most of them Guatemalan - and leaving tens of thousands homeless.
More informationHow To Protect Workers in Global Supply Chain?
How To Protect Workers in Global Supply Chain? Garrett Brown, MPH, CIH Maquiladora Health & Safety Support Network UCSF March 2016 Disclosures I have nothing to disclose. 2 1 Presentation Outline The global
More informationLabour conditions and health and safety standards following the recent factory fires and building collapse in Bangladesh
P7_TA-PROV(2013)0230 Labour conditions and health and safety standards following the recent factory fires and building collapse in Bangladesh European Parliament resolution of 23 May 2013 on labour conditions
More informationINTERNATIONALLY RECOGNISED CORE LABOUR STANDARDS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
INTERNATIONAL TRADE UNION CONFEDERATION (ITUC) INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNISED CORE LABOUR STANDARDS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC REPORT FOR THE WTO GENERAL COUNCIL REVIEW OF THE TRADE POLICIES OF THE CENTRAL
More informationAhimsa Center K-12 Lesson Plan. Title: The Power of Nonviolence: Cesar Chavez and the Delano Grape Strike Lesson By: Shara Carder
1 Ahimsa Center K-12 Lesson Plan Title: The Power of Nonviolence: Cesar Chavez and the Delano Grape Strike Lesson By: Shara Carder Grade Level: K-2 Collins Elementary School Subject: Social Studies Cupertino,
More informationSECOND DRAFT. The De-Humanized Life of a Mexican Factory Worker
LIB 200: Humanism, Science and Technology Model Research Essay Professor van Slyck SECOND DRAFT The De-Humanized Life of a Mexican Factory Worker [Part 1: Introduction] [note: everything in brackets [
More informationINTERNATIONALLY RECOGNISED CORE LABOUR STANDARDS IN ALBANIA
INTERNATIONAL TRADE UNION CONFEDERATION (ITUC) INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNISED CORE LABOUR STANDARDS IN ALBANIA REPORT FOR THE WTO GENERAL COUNCIL REVIEW OF THE TRADE POLICIES OF ALBANIA (Geneva, 28 and 30
More informationWorker Rights Consortium Status Report re: Ongoing Monitoring Sweat Free Ordinance Independent Monitor Agreement (Agreement No.
Worker Rights Consortium Status Report re: Ongoing Monitoring Sweat Free Ordinance Independent Monitor Agreement (Agreement No. C-120419) The following is a report of the Worker Rights Consortium ( WRC
More informationWorkers United Canada Council Submission to Ontario s Changing Workplaces Review
Workers United Canada Council Barry Fowlie, Director Randall Hutchison, President 416.510.0887 800.268.4064 Fax: 416.510.0891 317 Adelaide Street W, Suite 1005, Toronto ON, M5V 1P9 www.workersunitedunion.ca
More informationLABOUR STANDARDS IN THE BANGLADESH GARMENT IN- DUSTRY: A POLITICAL ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE
LABOUR STANDARDS IN THE BANGLADESH GARMENT IN- DUSTRY: A POLITICAL ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE Sadequl Islam Department of Economics, Laurentian University, Canada Abstract This paper examines the current state
More informationINTRODUCTION PRINCIPLES REQUIREMENT RELATING TO OWN PRACTISE
INTRODUCTION At Nordic comfort Products AS (NCP), we promote decent working and environmental standards in our supply chains. We cooperate closely with our suppliers and business partners in pursuit of
More informationASIA FLOOR WAGE ALLIANCE PUBLIC LAUNCH DECISION STATEMENT
ASIA FLOOR WAGE ALLIANCE PUBLIC LAUNCH DECISION STATEMENT HONG KONG, OCTOBER 2008 I. TRANSITION TO PUBLIC LAUNCH The has been building towards a global movement for an Asia Floor Wage in the global garment
More informationPEOPLE S TRIBUNAL LIVING WAGE AS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT OF SRI LANKAN GARMENT WORKERS
PEOPLE S TRIBUNAL LIVING WAGE AS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT OF SRI LANKAN GARMENT WORKERS Petition We, ALARM and Committee for Asian Women, being Members of the Asia Floor Wage Alliance s Steering Committee,
More informationFAQs for workers July 2018
Myanmar Labour Law FAQs for workers July 2018 Understanding labour laws may not be an easy task. Myanmar workers often ask the ILO about their rights at work, or where and to whom to present their grievances
More informationConference on Equality: Women s Empowerment, Gender Equality, and Labor Rights: Transforming the Terrain
Conference on Equality: Women s Empowerment, Gender Equality, and Labor Rights: Transforming the Terrain Gender and the Unfinished Business of the Labor Movement Opening Presentation, Shawna Bader-Blau,
More informationKEY STRENGTHS AND PROCESS INTEGRITY Cluster Compliance Point Question Child Question Reference
KEY STRENGTHS AND PROCESS INTEGRITY Key Strengths and Process Integrity Key Strengths and Process Integrity Key Strengths and Process Integrity Key Strengths and Process Integrity Key Strengths and Process
More informationCarr v. Tiffany & Co.
Carr v. Tiffany & Co. FACTS: Audrey and Bob Carr are a married couple who live in Columbia, Missouri. Both are African-American. They are planning to celebrate their 25 th wedding anniversary by taking
More informationCanada. Violence against Indigenous Women and Girls JANUARY 2016
JANUARY 2016 COUNTRY SUMMARY Canada Canada s global reputation as a defender of human rights was tarnished by the failure of the Stephen Harper government, in power until October, to take essential steps
More informationChapter Eight The Great Depression
Chapter Eight The Great Depression 1928-1932 ` Learning Objectives H-SS 11.6 Students analyze the different explanations for the Great Depression and how the New Deal fundamentally changed the role of
More informationthe paid workforce in record numbers. workers are systematically denied. In every region, women are joining And in every region, our rights as women
In every region, women are joining the paid workforce in record numbers. And in every region, our rights as women workers are systematically denied. Six million women in the Philippines 20 percent of the
More informationFORCED LABOUR AND TRAFFICKING IN COMPANIES AND THEIR SUPPLY CHAINS: THE ISSUES AND THE BUSINESS RESPONSE
Improving National and Transnational Coordination and Cooperation in Preventing and Combating all Forms of Human Trafficking; Developing and Strengthening National and Transnational Networks and Partnerships
More informationUS History The End of Prosperity The Big Idea Main Ideas
The End of Prosperity The Big Idea The collapse of the stock market in 1929 helped lead to the start of the Great Depression. Main Ideas The U.S. stock market crashed in 1929. The economy collapsed after
More informationChild labour (CL) in the primary production of sugarcane: summary of CL-related findings. Ergon Associates ILO Child Labour Platform 2017
Child labour (CL) in the primary production of sugarcane: summary of CL-related findings Ergon Associates ILO Child Labour Platform 2017 2 Short summary contents 1 Objectives of the study 2 Key findings
More informationGlobal Health: Tuberculosis and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria
Summary of 2002 Successes Ending Poverty Around the World ANNUAL SUCCESSES In 2002, RESULTS volunteers met face-to-face with 41 representatives and 7 senators to urge action on a range of issues to address
More informationChapter 16 Class Notes Chapter 16, Section 1 I. A Campaign to Clean Up Politics (pages ) A. Under the spoils system, or, government jobs went
Chapter 16 Class Notes Chapter 16, Section 1 I. A Campaign to Clean Up Politics (pages 492 493) A. Under the spoils system, or, government jobs went to supporters of the winning party in an election. By
More informationInternational Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers Associations
International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers Associations Rampe du Pont-Rouge, 8 TEL: + 41 22 793 22 33 CH-1213 Petit-Lancy (Switzerland) FAX + 41
More informationPolicy Analysis Report
CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO BOARD OF SUPERVISORS BUDGET AND LEGISLATIVE ANALYST 1390 Market Street, Suite 1150, San Francisco, CA 94102 (415) 552-9292 FAX (415) 252-0461 Policy Analysis Report To:
More informationThe Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections The University of Toledo
The Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections The University of Toledo Finding Aid Bob and Rob Littin Historical Newspaper Collection, 1875-2008 MSS-232 Size: 2 lin.ft. Provenance: Gift of Bob and
More informationThe Great Depression:
Name: Group: The Great Depression: 1929-1939 Causes of the Great Depression The Roaring Twenties came to a sudden end on October 24, 1929, when the New York stock market crashed All the countries in the
More informationSummary Report of UNITE HERE Local 75 Trusteeship and Raid
January 30, 2018 Summary Report of UNITE HERE Local 75 Trusteeship and Raid The UNIFOR raid of UNITE HERE Local 75 is underway. Several dozens of UNIFOR organizers have joined 13 former UNITE HERE International
More informationAfter the MFA: Challenges in Promoting and Protecting Worker Rights in a Changing Market Environment
After the MFA: Challenges in Promoting and Protecting Worker Rights in a Changing Market Environment Fair Labor Association Stakeholder Forum Santiago, Dominican Republic June 12, 2007 Summary Report The
More informationREASONS FOR DECISION OF THE TORONTO LICENSING TRIBUNAL
REASONS FOR DECISION OF THE TORONTO LICENSING TRIBUNAL Date of Hearing: Panel: Daphne Simon, Chair: (Hedy) Anna Walsh and Aly N. Alibhai, Members Re: Aziz Ahmad (Report No. 6707) Holder of Toronto Vehicle-For-Hire
More information2 Labor standards in international supply chains
1. Introduction Subcontractors could pay the workers whatever rates they wanted, often extremely low. The owners supposedly never knew the rates paid to the workers, nor did they know exactly how many
More informationCreating Good Jobs in Our Communities
istockphoto/ll28 Creating Good Jobs in Our Communities How Higher Wage Standards Affect Economic Development and Employment T. William Lester and Ken Jacobs November 2010 www.americanprogressaction.org
More informationCambodia. Overview of Labor Legal Issues in Cambodia. I. Introduction. Kanharith NOP Attorney-at-Law
Cambodia Overview of Labor Legal Issues in Cambodia Kanharith NOP Attorney-at-Law I. Introduction II. Brief development of labor laws in Cambodia III. Labor legal issues IV. Conclusion I. Introduction
More informationBroken Laws, Workers. etaliation orkers comp. and Labor Laws in America s Cities
est breaks ff the clock work eal breaks vertime inimum wage ight to organize etaliation Unprotected orkers Workers comp est breaks ff Violations the clock of Employment work eal breaks vertime Broken Laws,
More informationCentral Historical Question: Why did the Homestead Strike turn violent?
Materials: Instructions: Central Historical Question: Why did the turn violent? Transparencies of Documents A and B Copies of Documents A and B Copies of Guiding Questions Copies of Homestead Timeline
More informationZero Tolerance Protocol
Zero Tolerance Protocol 2 Zero Tolerance Issues and Protocol agreed to between the [Ministry of Labour] and the International Labour Organization (ILO) and International Finance Corporation s (IFC) Better
More informationNafta May Have Saved Many Autoworkers Jobs
Page 1 of 7 http://nyti.ms/22xjjzy ECONOMY Nafta May Have Saved Many Autoworkers Jobs Eduardo Porter ECONOMIC SCENE MARCH 29, 2016 When Donald Trump threatened to break the North American Free Trade Agreement,
More informationClothing Companies Cashing in on Countries in Crisis. Like any wicked problem there is no clear cut solution. Especially now that most these countries
McStudent 1 Student McStudent Matthew Schmidgall WR 121 1 June 2016 Clothing Companies Cashing in on Countries in Crisis Clothing industries are banking off of workers put in devastated economic circumstances.
More informationU.S. Trade Policy Update
U.S. Trade Policy Update Gail W. Strickler Assistant U.S. Trade Representative Kim Glas Deputy Assistant Secretary for Textiles and Apparel USA-ITA ANNUAL MEETING July 20, 2011 AGENDA TPP Report Trade
More informationGlobalization: An Economic Perspective. Patrick Conway World View Global Education Leaders Program 19 June 2007
Globalization: An Economic Perspective Patrick Conway World View Global Education Leaders Program 19 June 2007 Session Outline Globalization: what is it? Globalization is Opportunity Opportunity means
More informationInitiatives and Challenges while dealing with MNEs in Asia. Industri ALL
Initiatives and Challenges while dealing with MNEs in Asia 1 On Organising There are many international standards covering MNEs including: ILO Conventions esp C. 87, 98, Recommendation 198 OECD Guidelines
More informationNATIONAL PREVENTIVE MECHANISM visit to LJUBLJANA PRISON
NATIONAL PREVENTIVE MECHANISM visit to LJUBLJANA PRISON -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationSweatshop Labour in News Media: The Economics of a Social Issue. Jennifer Slater
issues of starvation wages, over work, abuse and the feminization of poverty This paper will examine the contents of newspaper media in order to ascertain and complex cultural, political and gendered issue
More informationIllegal Immigration: How Should We Deal With It?
Illegal Immigration: How Should We Deal With It? Polling Question 1: Providing routine healthcare services to illegal Immigrants 1. Is a moral/ethical responsibility 2. Legitimizes illegal behavior 3.
More informationHoover as President Ch 21-3
Hoover as President Ch 21-3 The Main Idea Herbert Hoover came to office with a clear philosophy of government, but the events of the Great Depression overwhelmed his responses. Content Statement 15/Learning
More informationCRS-2 Production Sharing and U.S.-Mexico Trade When a good is manufactured by firms in more than one country, it is known as production sharing, an ar
CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web 98-66 E January 27, 1998 Maquiladoras and NAFTA: The Economics of U.S.-Mexico Production Sharing and Trade J. F. Hornbeck Specialist in International
More informationThe Real Trade Wars: Solidarity & Worker Rights
Volume 1 Number 13 Solidarity Across Borders: U.S. Labor in a Global Economy Labor Research Review Article 1 1989 The Real Trade Wars: Solidarity & Worker Rights Matt Witt This Article is brought to you
More informationOpportunities from Globalization for European Companies
Karel De Gucht European Commissioner for Trade EUROPEAN COMMISSION [CHECK AGAINST DELIVERY] Opportunities from Globalization for European Companies High-level conference "Spain: from Stability to Growth"
More informationCase Summary: Dada Dhaka and Max Embo (Bangladesh) November 1, 2008
Case Summary: Dada Dhaka and Max Embo (Bangladesh) November 1, 2008 The WRC conducted an investigation of labor rights violations and carried out remediation work at two facilities in Bangladesh that are
More informationDocument Based Questions
50INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE UNITED STATES Part III: Document-Based Questions This task is based on the accompanying eight documents. Some of these documents have been edited for the purposes of this task.
More information