Index. Herwig C.H. Hofmann and Alexander H. Türk Downloaded from Elgar Online at 04/20/ :45:34AM.

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1 Index abstract rule, impact assessment accountability 578 comitology 84, 124, 127 democratic integrated administration Lamfalussy process 259 meaning police and judicial co-operation single regulator requirement 275 administrative action co-ordinating and structuring roles 2 executive federalism see executive federalism external point of view 1 2, 7, 75 internal point of view 1, 2, 7, 75 legal provisions 1 2 networks of administration 2, 3 notion 1 4 policy cycle 2 trans-territorial 91, 93 4 administrative governance see governance administrative network, concept 3 Advisory Committee on Restrictive Practices and Dominant Positions Commission decisions, consultation on NCAs, consultation on cases by 227 Regulation 1/2003 (Article 33), consultation under 227 Advisory Committees Advisory Committee on Restrictive Practices and Dominant Positions see Advisory Committee on Restrictive Practices and Dominant Positions Advisory Committee on Restrictive Practices and Monopolies 228 European Commission Advisory Procedure, comitology 79 AENEAS programme, asylum and immigration policy 297, 322 AFET (committee on foreign affairs) 364 affective heuristics, risk perception (food safety) 155, 156, 170 AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System) 317 agencies ambiguous Borders Agency comitology 88 Deliberative Supranationalism executive 308 institutional balance, principle 88 judicial review of decisions 90 Lamfalussy committee structure 88 Member States 94 Meroni doctrine 88, 89 monitoring 308 network concept 88 policy implementation as political administration 530 quasi-regulatory 308 social dialogue, promotion of 308 types 308 agenda setting (European Commission) bargains 14, 17 bureaucracy 12, 16, 23 4, centre-stage dimension data streams, use 13 and decision-making 13, 16 17, 20 21, 25 see also decision-making expert groups, help of see expert groups, agenda setting food safety issues 158 Formal Rules of Procedure 17

2 598 Index garbage can approach see garbage can approach gate-keeping / boundary policing function, government systems 15, 22 and implementation process 17 institutional agendas, back stage structuring 14 Intergovernmental Conferences 14 neo-corporatist literature as open-ended part of decisionmaking process 17 see also decision-making path-dependency approach see pathdependency approach police and judicial co-operation policy-making process, stages 16 and power 13, 27 8 pre-socialisation 27 principles and guidelines 18 rational approach see rational policy-making approach re-socialisation 26, 27, 28 role of Commission supranationalism 27, 30 systemic and formal agenda, distinguished 14 and Westphalian normative nationstate order 12 work programmes, annual 17 Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) 146, 150 Amsterdam Treaty (1997) accountability 544 asylum and immigration policy 287, 294, 296, 313 and European Parliament (EP) 56 police and judicial co-operation 344, 345, 352 policy co-ordination 59 Schengen Protocol 296 Subsidiarity and Proportionality Protocol 470 Annual Policy Strategy and Work Plan (European Commission) 169 impact assessment 480 Antici group, Coreper 372 3, 375 antitrust enforcement, modernisation Advisory Committee on Restrictive Practices and Dominant Positions consultation under Article 33 (Regulation 1/2003) 227 consultation on Commission decisions consultation by NCAs 227 Advisory Committee on Restrictive Practices and Monopolies 228 allocation of cases exchange of information 221 Commission decisions, consultation on competition network emergency break exchange of information before adoption of measures case allocation 221 ECN, within individuals, role complainants interested parties investigations, assistance for 223 judicial review Modernisation White Paper and interested parties 235 and Regulation 17/ National Courts Notice , 232, 233 national courts, role Commission and NCAs, cooperation competition law, application of NCAs see national competition authorities (NCAs) Regulation 17/62, enforcement of antitrust law under 215, , 228 Regulation 1/2003 see Modernisation Regulation (Regulation 1/2003) stay or closure of proceedings ARGO programme, asylum and immigration policy 295

3 Article 36 Committee, European Council 53 Article 133 Committee, European Council 52, 66 Association Agreements, asylum and immigration policy 293 asylum and immigration policy administrative governance 289 AENEAS programme 297, 322 Amsterdam Treaty (1997) 287, 294, 296, 313 Association Agreements 293 CARDS programme 297 courts, role Dublin Convention (1997) 293 4, 296, 315 EC Treaty (1992) 294 enlargement European Court of Justice 298 European Parliament free movement, internal, and increased border control requirement Hague Programme 321, 323 horizontal policy transfer 313 intensive transgovernmentalism 294, 295, 324 Intergovernmental Consultations 298 Long Term Residents 292 negative mutual recognition pull factors thesis qualified majority voting (QMC) 294, 295, 312, 322 refugees 298 regional and global consultative processes Rome Treaty (1958) 293 Schengen system see Schengen system SCO and STC practices 313, 314 security issues, internal TACIS programme 297 TEU (1992) 293 third country nationals 293 Third Pillar 290, 293 vertical policy harmonisation 313 Working Groups 295, 296, 297 Index 599 see also asylum policy; immigration policy asylum policy administrative cooperation and convergence common standards, elaborating comparable protection Dublin Convention (1997) 293 4, 296, 315 Dublin Regulation 313, 315 Eurodac system external dimension liaison 316 single/joint/external administrative processing of asylum claims see also asylum and immigration policy; immigration policy Asylum Procedures Directive 299, 313, 314 Asylum Working Party 295 asymmetric information, food safety 148 Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) 317 availability bias, risk perception (food safety) 155 Bachrach, P. 13 Baratz, M. 13 bargaining process, comitology Basel Committee on Banking Supervision 354 Belgium, and agenda setting 30 31, 365 Berlin Process, Regional Consultative Process 297 Beyers, J , 48 Bigo, D. 289 Böcker, A. 292 Borders Agency, immigration policy 296, Borders Code, immigration policy 305 6, 322, 323 Broad Economic Policy Guidelines Economic Policy Committee (EPC) 63 policy co-ordination 59, 63 Brunkhorst, Hauke 527

4 600 Index Brussels bureaucracy 361 BSE crisis 150 Budapest Group of Senior Officials 297 Budapest Process, Regional Consultative Process 297 Bulgaria, on black list, visas 304 Bundeshaushaltsordnung (Federal Budget Regulation) 463 Bundeskriminalamt (BKA), and police and judicial co-operation 347 Bundesrecht bricht Landesrecht, conflict of laws bureaucracy and agenda setting 12, 16, 23 4, Brussels 361 civil servants comitology bargaining process role in decision making 45, 54 6 Byrne, R. 313 CARD (Consolidated Admissions and Reporting Directive) 246 Cardiff process (1998), policy coordination 59 CARDS programme, asylum and immigration policy 297 Carriers Sanctions Directive 302 CBA see cost-benefit analysis CCs (comitology committees) 392 data and method 400 institutionalist approach 396, 398, 399 multilevel community administration 401, 403, 404, 578 see also comitology; committees CdT (Translation Centre for Bodies of the EU) 86 CEBS (Committee of European Banking Supervisors) 254 Cedefop (European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training) 86 CEIOPS (Committee of European Banking Insurance and Occupational Pensions Supervisors) 254 Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on Asylum (CIREA) 295 Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration (CIREFI) 295 CESR see Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) CFSP (Common Foreign and Security Policy) see Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) Charter of Fundamental Rights 470 checks and balances, democratic practical issues chemicals, environmental policy (comitology) 121 Christiansen, T. 403 CIREA (Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on Asylum) 295 CIREFI (Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration) 295 CIS Conference Process, Regional Consultative Process 297 civil servants and agenda setting 12, 16, attending committees, role and identity perceptions and Brussels based attachés 66 comitology bargaining process decision-making, role in 45, 54 6 co-decision procedure 67 and agenda setting 16 civil servants, role 54, 55 comitology 83 delegation of powers 418 extension 56 7 co-operation administrative 3, 305 Commission and NCAs, antitrust enforcement immigration policy 305 police and judicial see police and judicial co-operation vertical/horizontal 75

5 co-operation procedure 5 6, 54 European Parliament s legislative competences 56 co-ordination see policy co-ordination, EU level Codex Alimentarius, food safety 150, 160 cognitive organisation theory, committee governance 394, 395 Cohen, M. D. 29 Cologne process (1999), policy coordination 59, 63 comitology and accountability 84, 124, 127 and Advisory Procedure 79 and agencies 88 and agenda setting 16 and basic elements environmental policy notion 80 case law 78 British American Tobacco case 440 Rothmans case 437, and co-decision procedure 83 and Commission 16, 81 committee procedures choice Commission respect for (case law) LIFE regulation 422, 423 and constitutional treaty 95 8 constitutionalisation of 528 and courts Court of Justice 79 80, 84 delegation obligation deadlines, Commission respect for (case law) Decisions see Comitology Decision 1987; Comitology Decision 1999 delegation obligation to delegate and vires and democracy in environmental policy see environmental policy, comitology in essential elements duty to lay down in basic legislation Index 601 and European Council 77, 78 and European Parliament 80, 82, 83, 84 ex post implementing decisions 83 example, in Deliberative Supranationalism implementing powers, obligation to delegate and Internal Market 77 legal aspects and Management Procedure 79 modalities 128 and networks of administrations 91 and pluralist representation models 84 and policy implementation procedures, operation and Regulatory Procedure 79 and Single European Act 77 as technocratic governance 527 transparency principle environmental policy 127 ultra vires procedure 83 as undemocratic 528 see also CCs (comitology committees) Comitology Decision 1987 Comitology Decision of 1999, harmonisation with 129 legal aspects 128 policy implementation 78 Comitology Decision 1999 alignment regulations 129 appropriate procedures, choice case law, influence on 430 Comitology Decision of 1987, harmonisation with 129 Commission proposal (2002/2004) 131 committee procedures, environmental policy environmental policy 116, 119, 132 advisory, management and regulatory committees 118 committee procedures information rights 127 European Parliament enforced role setting on equal footing 132 4

6 602 Index and information rights 127 policy implementation 78, 79, 81, 83, 97 see also comitology Comitology II see Comitology Decision 1999 Commission, European see European Commission Commissioner for External Relations 363 Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development, administrators responsibilities 58 Committee on Environmental Protection and Public Health 131, 430 Committee of European Banking Insurance and Occupational Pensions Supervisors (CEIOPS) 254 Committee of European Banking Supervisors (CEBS) 254 Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) and European Securities Committee 253 and international competitiveness 269 Lamfalussy regime co-ordinated implementation 260 Level Level potential problems 268 rulemaking 266 and Prospectus Directive 247 and regulatory convergence 260, 261 role at Level and supervisory convergence 262 and Transparency Directive 248 committee governance cognitive organisation theory 394, 395 data and method institutionalist approach, middlerange sociological institutionalist approach Member State officials attending committees co-ordination behaviour and multilevel administration 401 9, 578 multiple roles concept 396 see also comitology Committee of Permanent Representatives of Member States see COREPER (expert group) Committee of the Regions (CoR), administrative staff, role 46 Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products 86 Committee of Wise Men on the Regulation of European Securities Markets 245 committees environmental policy, comitology in see under environmental policy, comitology in Lamfalussy regime procedures Comitology Decision (1999) and Commission respect for (case law) rise of, reasons see also individual committees Committees for Proprietal Medicinal Products 86 Common Agricultural Policy, and comitology 80 Common Borders Manual, immigration policy 305, Common Commercial Policy, and European Council 52 Common Consular Instructions, immigration policy 303, Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) actors agenda-shaping 365 8, 379 Commissioner for External Relations 363 Coreper 363, 372 3, 375, 376 Council General Secretariat (CGS) 367, 371, 372 decision-making process 53, , 379 External Relations group 364 High Representative for 363, 367

7 implementation Maastricht Treaty (1992) 373, 378 political committee (PoCo) 363, 373, 374 Political and Security Committee (PSC) 53, 363, 370, 374, 375, 376 working parties communication legislative impact assessment 466 risk see risk communication Community see European Community Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO) 86, 87 competition law application by national courts enforcement networks 92 see also antitrust enforcement, modernisation Competition Network 93 competitiveness, international, Lamfalussy regime Conciliation Committee, and European Commission 55 Conciliation Secretariat, establishment 57 confirmation bias, risk perception (food safety) 155 conflicts law bringing past to bear 512 constitutionalising European law as as law of law-making post-interventionist law, concepts private international law versus conflict of laws public law, international 516 supranationalism see deliberative supranationalism; supranationalism types of conflict Consolidated Admissions and Reporting Directive (CARD) 246 constitutional treaty ( ) comitology 95 8 police and judicial co-operation 345 constitutionalisation, comitology 528 Index 603 consumers demands, technocratic dominance Convention on the Future of Europe, Working Group 306 Convention on the Status of Refugees (1951) 298, 313, 320 Cooper, Robert 362 Coordinating Committee, Third Pillar 342 coordination reflex, and working parties 369 CoR see Committee of the Regions (CoR) COREPER (expert group) and agenda setting 26, 27 Antici group 372 3, 375 CFSP 363, 372 3, 375, 376 decision-shaping 368 and Council hierarchy 47, 50 and democratic openness/ transparency 556 policy co-ordination 62, 66, 67 cost-benefit analysis, legislative impact assessment 462, 485 Council for Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council (EPSCO), policy co-ordination 64, 65, 67 Council, European see European Council Council General Secretariat (CGS), Common Foreign and Security Policy 367, 371, 372 Council of Ministers 574 Court of First Instance, policy implementation 87 Court of Justice see European Court of Justice courts, and comitology CPVO (Community Plant Variety Office) 86, 87 credence attributes, food safety 147 crisis management, Lamfalussy process 269 Crowley, J. 290 Currie, Brainerd , 524, 531 CWPs (Council working parties) and accountability committee governance 392, 398,

8 604 Index multilevel community administration 402, 404, 407 decision making 44 5, 47 50, 53, 56, 66 see also European Council; Working Groups decision-making and agenda setting 13, 16 17, 20 21, 25 civil servants, role 45, 54 6 co-decision procedure see codecision procedure definition 44 European Commission 16, 17, 24 5 civil servants 45, 54 6 see also agenda setting (European Commission); policy-making European Council European Parliament see European Parliament: decision-making and input legitimacy 6 judicial review of 90 legislative impact assessment assisting 460 piecemeal policy co-ordination committees 52 3, Declaration on Combating Terrorism (2004) 291 Deflem, Mathieu delegation delegated regulations, implementing regulations distinguished 97 implementing powers 95 legislative powers 96 obligation to delegate reservation of powers, legislature primary or secondary law/implied powers 74 5 sub-delegation 97 8 and vires Deliberative Supranationalism 513, 579 agencies comitology, example Deliberative Supranationalism I Deliberative Supranationalism II and democracy 531 juridifying normative claims 519 and policy implementation 82, 99 transnational governance, new modes versus orthodox supranationalism , democracy and comitology and Deliberative Supranationalism 531 democratic accountability practical issues democratic checks and balances practical issues democratic effectiveness/efficiency practical issues democratic legitimacy environmental policy, comitology and governance problem in supranational government accountability checks and balances effectiveness and efficiency openness and transparency through information 127 through participation democratic openness, and transparency Denmark, and accountability 546 deportations, immigration policy diagonal topics, governance structures 6 Directive on Listing Particulars adoption (1979) 248 Prospectus Directive replacing 246 Directives Carriers Sanctions 302 Consolidated Admissions and Reporting 246 Directive on Listing Particulars 246, 248

9 Family Reunification 299, 301 Financial Instruments 254 Framework 93 Framework Waste 119 Insider Dealing 256 Investment Services 248 Market Abuse see Market Abuse Directive (MAD) Markets in Financial Instruments 244 Mutual Recognition of Expulsion Decisions Packaging 119 Procedures 299, 313, 314, 323 Prospectus see Prospectus Directive (Pan-European regime) Public Offers of Securities 246, 248, 249 Qualification 317 Reception Conditions 313 Refugee Qualification 300 Smuggling 302 Student Immigration 301 Transparency 244, 247 8, 256 Directorates General DG Agriculture 25, 167, 194 DG Competition 24, 194 DG Development 168 DG ECFIN 63, 64 DG Education and Culture 24 DG EMPL 65 DG Energy and Transport 194 DG External Relations 168 DG Fish and Maritime Affairs 167 DG Health and Consumer Protection (DG SANCO) 117, 127, 162, 167 DG Internal Market and Services 168 DG Research 25 DG Trade 168 DGII, Committees and Delegations 57 European Commission 24 5, 201 European Parliament, Committee Secretariat 57 documentation, impact assessment DSNI (Deliberative Supranationalism I) Index 605 DSNII (Deliberative Supranationalism II) Dublin Convention (1997) asylum and immigration policy 293 4, 296, 315 Preamble 318 EAR (European Agency for Reconstruction) 86 EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency) 86, 87 EBC (European Banking Committee) 253 EC Treaty see Treaty Establishing the European Community (EC Treaty) (1992) ECB see European Central Bank (ECB) ECN see European Competition network (ECN) ECOFIN (Economic and Financial Affairs), policy co-ordination 63, 64, 67 Economic and Financial Committee (EFC) 67 and European Council 52 Monetary Committee, replacing 63 policy co-ordination 60, 62, 63 Economic Monetary System (EMS), directives 249 Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), and Monetary Committee 63 economic policies, policy co-ordination 59 Economic Policy Committee (EPC) 67 Broad Economic Policy Guidelines 63 and European Council 52 policy co-ordination 62 Economic and Social Committee (ESC), administrative staff, role 46 ECs (expert committees) 392 ECSC see European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) ECT Treaty see Rome Treaty (1958) Ecuador, on black list, visas 304

10 606 Index EEA (European Environmental Agency) see European Environmental Agency (EEA) EEC Treaty see Rome Treaty (1958) effectiveness principle, agenda setting 18 effects threshold, impact assessment 476, 478 EFSA see European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Egeberg, M. 31, 32, 402 EIA (environmental impact assessment) 469, 474, 484, 486 Eionet (European Information Observation Network) 91 EIOPC (European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Committee) EIPA (European Institute of Public Administration) EMCDDA (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions) 86 EMCO see Employment Committee (EMCO) EMEA (European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products) 86, 87, 89 Employment Committee (EMCO) and European Council 52 policy co-ordination 62, 64 5 employment policy, policy coordination, EU level 59 EMS see Economic Monetary System (EMS) EMSA (European Maritime Safety Agency) 86, 87 EMU see Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) enforcement agencies, Member States administrations as 2 enforcement networks, policy implementation 91, 92 3 ENISA (European Network and Information Security Agency) 86 enlargement, asylum and immigration policy environmental impact assessment (EIA) 469, 474, 484, 486 environmental policy, comitology in basic elements chemicals 121 committees Art. 18, competences of 120 competences 120, 122, 123 dangerous substances 122 GMOs 123 rise of, reasons systematic approaches and democracy and European Commission 129, 130 GMOs 121, Köster ruling 123, 125, 424 legal aspects legitimacy, democratic through information 127 through participation Standard Rules of Procedure 127 statistical data traditional and new approaches waste see also comitology; Comitology Decision 1987; Comitology Decision 1999 EP see European Parliament (EP) EPC (European Political Cooperation) 361, 381 EPSCO see Council for Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council (EPSCO) Eriksen, E , 561 ESC see Economic and Social Committee (ESC) ESC (European Securities Committee) 85, 246, 253 ESDP (European Security and Defence Policy) 362 ESRC (European Regulators Committee) 85 ETF (European Training Foundation) 86 EU see European Union (EU) EU-OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work) 86 EUCPN (European Crime Prevention Network) 344

11 EUMC (European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia) 86 EURASIL (European network of asylum specialists) 295 Eurodac system, asylum policy Eurofound (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions) 86 Eurojust 311, 348, 354 European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) 86, 87, 89 European Agency for the Management of Operational at the External Borders of the Member States see Borders Agency European Agency for Reconstruction (EAR) 86 European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) 86 European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) 86, 87 European Banking Committee (EBC) 253 European Central Bank (ECB) implementing acts, issue 95 6 as model for single regulator monetary policy 268 and policy co-ordination 63 European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) 86 European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), policy implementation 88 European Commission Advisory Committees 84 Advisory Committee on Restrictive Practices and Dominant Positions, consultation by and Advisory Procedure (comitology) 79 agenda setting see agenda setting (European Commission) as amicus curiae 236 Annual Policy Strategy and Work Plan 169 antitrust law, enforcement Advisory Committee on Restrictive Practices and Index 607 Dominant Positions, consultation by co-operation with under Regulation 17/62 215, , 228 asylum and immigration policy Communication on Common Asylum Procedure 320 Communication on a Common Policy on All Aspects of Illegal Immigration Communication on Integrated Management of External Borders 306 Communication on Integrating Migration Issues in the EU s Relations with Third Countries 296 study 320 as bureaucracy 23 4 see also bureaucracy; civil servants comitology procedures 16, 81 environmental policy 116, 129, 130 and committee procedures Competition Policy Newsletter 199 and Conciliation Committee 55 and deadlines (case law) decision-making 16, 17, 24 5 EFSA, co-ordination with 169 environmental policy 116, 129, 130 European Parliament, relationship with 54 5 as gate-keeper 22 Green Paper on Financial Services Policy ( ) 250 Hearing Officer, state aid control 188 impact assessment see under impact assessment Lamfalussy process, assessment Legislative and Work Programme 476 as legislator, legitimacy problem 126 margin of discretion, state aid control 189 Member States, co-operative agreements with 189, NCAs, co-operation with

12 608 Index organisation (DG structure) 24 principles and guidelines, agenda setting 18 Reports on Competition Policy 194 state aid control see under state aid control Study on the Links Between Legal and Illegal Migration 301 White Paper on European governance see White Paper on Governance (European Commission) Work Programme 476 European Community, budget (1999) 46 7 European Competition network (ECN) ECN Notice allocation of cases emergency break 224, 225 exchange of information 221, 222 3, 224 judicial review 237 professional secrecy concept 227 stay or closure of proceedings establishment 215 and national courts 228 rules governing European Constitutional Treaty (ECT) see Rome Treaty (1958) European Council administrative preparatory bodies 50, 52 3 administrative rivalry 50, 52 and agenda setting 16, 23, 32 Article 133 Committee 52, 66 comitology 77, 78 environmental policy 115, 129, 130 Common Commercial Policy 52 Comprehensive plan to combat illegal immigration 301 decision-making Foreign Office and Council structure 32 formal decision-making process 16 General Secretariat, role 53 4, 66 immigration and asylum policy, five year plan 305 and immigration policy implementing acts, issue 95 6 infrastructure 50, 51, 52 Lamfalussy process 85 minority rights 550 and multiple embeddedness 48 Rules of Procedure 47, 53, 372 working groups see CWPs (Council working parties) European Court of Human Rights 315 European Court of Justice and agencies 88, 89, 90 and agenda setting 16 asylum and immigration policy 298 Bulletin of the European Communities 194 and comitology 79 80, 84 Meroni doctrine 88, 89 European Crime Prevention Network (EUCPN) 344 European Drugs (Intelligence) Unit 346 European Employment Strategy (Luxembourg process) 59 European Environmental Agency (EEA), policy implementation 86, 91 European External Action Service 305 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Advisory Forum 164, 165 Commission, co-ordination with 169 establishment 161, 162 Executive Director 164, 165 founding statute 529 functions 164 Management Board policy implementation 86, 87 risk communication 171, 173 Scientific Committee and Panels 164, 529 scientific principles 165, 166 European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound) 86 European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies 174 European Information Observation Network (Eionet) 91

13 European Institute of Public Administration (EIPA) European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Committee (EIOPC) European Judicial Network 348 European Maritime Safety Agency (EFSA) 86, 87 European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions (EMCDDA) 86 European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC) 86 European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) 86 European Parliament (EP) accountability issues 545 asylum and immigration policy and comitology 80, 82, 83, 84 Comitology Decision (1999) , Committee Secretariat 45, 55, 57 decision-making 67 administrative players 56 8 comitology 82 formal process 16 European Commission, relationship with 54 5 Excès de Pouvoir objection 132 and Lamfalussy regime 257 Legislative Observatory 558 political groups 58 European passport, securities regulation 245 European Political Co-operation (EPC) 361, 381 European Regulators Committee (ESRC) 85 European Regulators Group for Electronic Communications Networks and Services 93 European Securities Committee (ESC) 85, 246, 253 European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) 362 European Training Foundation (ETF) 86 European Union (EU) Index 609 agenda setting see agenda setting (European Commission) Charter of Fundamental Rights 470 committees, function 27 common administrative space 94, 582 direct or indirect administration of law 74, 90, 99 federal nature General Report on Activities 47 governance types 341 informal structures, legitimacy building institutional structure 48 Intergovernmental Conferences 14 Neighbourhood Policy 296, 363 sui generis aspect 29, 512 three pillar structure 95 European Waste Catalogue 119 Europol 311, 344, 346, 348, 354 Europol Convention (1995) 346 executive federalism concept 2 3, 581 policy implementation 74 5, 76 experience attributes, food safety 147 expert groups, agenda setting 12, 33 composition 19 concept of group 19 functions garbage can approach path-dependency approach 25 8 rational approach 15, External Action Service 305 External Relations group, Common Foreign and Security Policy 364 Falke, J. 561 Family Reunification Directive 299, 301 fast track procedure, Lamfalussy process 258 federalism executive see executive federalism notion 3 Federation of European Securities Exchanges 263 Feld, W. 31 Financial Instruments Directive 254 Financial Services Action Plan adoption 245, 249

14 610 Index directives 260 Prospectus Directive 246 and Lamfalussy procedure 84 5, 244, 245 potential problems 265 proposals for Level 4 measures 263 single regulator concept 271 Financial Services Authority see FSA (Financial Services Authority) First Pillar, police and judicial cooperation 345, 346 fiscal policies, policy co-ordination 59 Follieux, E. 17, 47 8, 49, 53 food safety asymmetric information 148 attributes 147, 148 BSE crisis 150 Codex Alimentarius 150, 160 economic perspective legitimacy and political science EFSA see European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) European governance fraudulent labelling 148 GMOs see genetically modified microorganisms (GMMOs); genetically modified organisms (GMOs) legitimacy economic perspective at single institutional levels (risk analysis) 162, 164 market transparency and New Political Economics 151, 174 regulatory impact assessments 170 risk analysis , 164 EU and Member State competences 163 risk assessment 164 5, 167 risk communication risk perception science, image of sciences, function screening 148, 149 signalling 148, 149 and technocratic dominance and consumers demands policies demands trust-building, at single institutional levels (risk analysis) 162, 164 White Paper 161, 168 food scandals 146 Food Standards Agency see European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Foreign Relations Counsellors, Working Party 369 formal agenda, and systemic agenda 14 Formal Rules of Procedure, agenda setting (European Commission) 17 Fossum, J , 561 Framework Directive, telecommunications industry 93 Framework Waste Directive, environmental policy 119 framing, risk perception (food safety) 155 free movement, internal, and increased border control requirement FRIA (fundamental rights impact assessment) 470, 474 FSA (Financial Services Authority), and single regulator 270 Fundamental Rights Agency 355 fundamental rights impact assessment (FRIA) 470, 474 fusion thesis, agenda setting 32 GAERC (General Affairs and External Relations Council) 363, 366, 368 garbage can approach and agenda setting (EU) 28 9, 366 expert groups General Affairs and External Relations Council (GAERC) 363, 366, 368 General Report on Activities, European Union 47 General Secretariat, European Council 53 4, 66 genetic, notion of 156 genetically modified microorganisms (GMMOs) 441 judicial review genetically modified organisms (GMOs) directives 123

15 environmental policy, comitology 121, GMO containing GMO-free attribute 148 risk management risk perception 156 Geneva Convention (1951) 320 German Law on Foreigners 304 Gesellschaft 514 GMMOs see genetically modified microorganisms (GMMOs) GMOs see genetically modified organisms (GMOs) governance administrative rule-making, through asylum and immigration policy 289 committee see committee governance defined 4 and democratic legitimacy food safety horizontal, vertical and diagonal topics 6, 573 multi-level, and international influence new forms, search for 5 notion of (EU administration context) 4 6 policy co-ordination see policy coordination state aid control strategies 5 6 structures 5, 6 transnational, new modes White Paper (European Commission) see White Paper (European Commission) Green Paper on an EU Approach to Managing Economic Migration (2005) 301 Green Paper on Financial Services Policy ( ), European Commission 250 Guild, E. 301, 315 Guiraudon, V. 302 Index 611 Hailbronner, K. 302 Hanny, B. 63 Hansen, R. 315, 322 harmonization pull factors thesis, asylum and immigration control 291 securities regulation 248, , 265 vertical policy 313 Haushaltsgrundsätzegesetz (Law on Budget Basics) 463 Havinga, T. 292 Hayes-Renshaw, F. 403 Hazardous Waste Directive, environmental policy 119 Heimer, C. A. 29 High Level Working Group on Migration and Asylum 296 horizontal topics, governance structures 6, 573 Howlett, M. 44 IA see impact assessment ICMPD (Intergovernmental Centre for Migration Policy Development) 298 immigration policy administrative co-operation 305 Borders Agency 296, Borders Code 305 6, 322, 323 Common Borders Manual 305, Common Consular Instructions 303, Council, reservation of implementation powers deportations and EU entry control system flanking measures 302 legal/illegal immigration Schengen Information System visas case law 304 Visa Information System 312 see also asylum and immigration Haas, Ernie 23, 26, 27 policy; asylum policy Hague Herwig Programme, C.H. Hofmann asylum and and Alexander H. Türk impact assessment , 578 immigration Downloaded policy from 321, Elgar 323 Online at 04/20/2019 abstract 02:45:34AM rule 475 9

16 612 Index aim of proposed measure/expected outcomes Annual Policy Strategy 480 authorities responsible in Commission measures screening 479, 480 specific instances, determining 479 completed, co-ordination of process/ scrutiny 492 contexts of impacts, determining documentation preparation effects threshold 476, 478 environmental 469, 474, 484, 486 extended 481 fundamental rights 470 goals, and institutional concept identification of impact Inter-Service Steering Group 491 and legal status legislative see legislative impact assessment (LIA) measures subject to and Member States OECD 451, 452, 460, 472, 478, 488 options, comparing outcomes/consequences 493 participants in process policy options available 484 preliminary 479, 481 principal-agent theory 454 9, Regulatory 169, 170 results cautions in use presentation 487 retrospective, and monitoring Roadmap 480, 481 scoping and level of assessment screening 479, 480 timing 480 types underlying framework, and legal status Indicators group, and policy coordination 65 information antitrust enforcement 221, asymmetric, and food safety 148 impact assessment 466 legitimacy through 127 regulation by information networks, policy implementation 91 2 input legitimacy food safety 151, 152 governance, notion 6 Insider Dealing Directive 256 institutional balance principle, agencies 88 integrated administration (Europe) accountability, consequences for characteristics explaining legitimacy and legality results, conceptualisation intensive transgovernmentalism, asylum and immigration policy 294, 295, 324 Inter-Institutional Monitoring Group (Lamfalussy process) 255, 261 Second Report 260 Third Report 256 Inter-Service Steering Group, impact assessment 491 Intergovernmental Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) 298 Intergovernmental Conferences, agenda setting 14 Intergovernmental Consultations, asylum and immigration policy 298 intergovernmentalism, and neofunctionalism 393 Internal Market, comitology 77 International Criminal Police Commission 346, 353 International Organization for Migration (IOM) 298 Interpol 346 investigations, antitrust enforcement 223 Investment Services Directive 248 IOM (International Organization for Migration) 298

17 Jacobsson, B. 31 Jacobsson, K. 60 Joana, J. 23 Joerges, C. 5, 32, 99, 126, 392, 561, 579, 586 Joint Employment Report, policy coordination 63 Judicial Network, European 348 judicial review 578 antitrust enforcement, modernisation GMMOs and pesticides 427, Plaumann formula 236 Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) and CFSP 375 Council 342, 351 working structure 347 Directorate General 322 and European Council 53 Kiewiet, D. 21 Kirchner, E. 403 Kuhn, T. S. 21 Laitinen, Ilkka 306 Lamfalussy, Baron Alexandre 245 Lamfalussy four-level approach, securities market 244, 245, accountability 259 legislation degree of detail specific issues 257 Levels 1 and 2 (legislation and parallel working) 254, 256, 257 8, 259, 266 Level 3 (CESR s role) 254, 256, 259, 261, 262, 268 Level 4 measures, proposals for 254, 256, 263 4, 267 parallel working policy implementation 85, 93 steps 254 sunset clauses 259 Lamfalussy process accountability 259 CESR, role at Level changing market conditions Commission assessment committee structure 88 Index 613 common rules, interpretation/ enforcement crisis management 269 fast track procedure 258 Financial Services Action Plan see under Financial Services Action Plan future problems implementation 84 5 CESR s role (Level 3) 259 co-ordinated 260 future problems Inter-Institutional Monitoring Group 255, 256, 260, 261 international competitiveness invention 245 levels see Lamfalussy four-level approach, securities market networks of administration 91 regulatory convergence rule-making 266 supervision, future problems 267 supervisory convergence see also securities regulation Lamfalussy Report 257, 259 Larsson, T. 25, 574 Lavenex, S. 319 legal certainty, and transparency legislation basic, essential elements, duty to lay down in Lamfalussy regime (Levels 1 and 2) secondary, and primary law tertiary, notion 116 legislative impact assessment (LIA) 448 administrative procedures, acceleration background classic 473 communication 466 cost-benefit analysis 462, 485 decision-making, assisting 460 deregulation 464 EU context evaluation of proposals goals articulation of 462

18 614 Index infra-political police and judicial co-operation 344, meta-political information dissemination 466 and policy co-ordination 59 institutional control and see also Treaty on European Union management (TEU) objections and concerns, registration macroeconomic dialogue (Cologne ), policy co-ordination 59, 63 principal-agent relations MAD (Market Abuse Directive) see principles, existing 463 Market Abuse Directive (MAD) privatisation of public enterprises Majone, G Management Procedure, comitology public participation reduction of legislation Market Abuse Directive (MAD) 244, transparency , 255, 256, 262 see also impact assessments UK, implementation by 266 legislative powers, delegation 96 market transparency legitimacy imperfect Commission, as legislator 126 and trust 147 conflicting structures, EU political Markets in Financial Instruments system Directive (MiFID) 244, 256 defining 541 maximum residue level (MRL) 433, democratic see democratic 434 legitimacy MC (Monetary Committee), policy in economic perspective co-ordination 63 and food safety , 162, 164 Member States informal structures of EU agencies 94 information, through 127 asylum and immigration policy 292 input 6, 151, 152 committee attendance by officials integrated administration (Europe) co-ordination behaviour output 6, competences, risk analysis 163 participation, through 127 8, effect of trade between, concept policy implementation risk analysis employment policies, policy coordination 63 at single institutional levels 162, 164 technocratic 151 enforcement agencies, and trust-building 162, 164 administrations as 2 LEONARDO programme 545, 550 host 246 Lewis, Jeffrey 26, 48, 52, 66 and impact assessment LIA see legislative impact assessment Permanent Representations 48 (LIA) see also Permanent Lindblom, Charles 20, 21 Representations (RPs) Lisbon European Council (2000) 60 state aid control Long Term Residents 292 Commission, co-operative Lücke, J. 463 agreements with 189, Lukes, S. 27 multilateral meetings 187 subsidies 186 Maastricht Treaty (1992) MEPs (Members of European and Herwig CFSP C.H. 373, Hofmann 378 and Alexander H. Türk Parliament) and delegation Downloaded of from powers Elgar 418Online at 04/20/2019 accountability 02:45:34AM issues 545, 546, 550

19 and CFSP 365 and decision-making 57, 67 legislative load 545 Meroni doctrine, European Court of Justice 88, 89 MiFID (Markets in Financial Instruments Directive) 244, 256 migration, securitisation of 290 Military Committee, and Common Foreign and Security Policy 53 minority rights, European Council 550 Mitrany, David 27 Modernisation Regulation (Regulation 1/2003) Advisory Committee, consultation on Commission decisions 226 antitrust enforcement 237 Article 11, consultation under 227 Article 33, consultation under 227 assistance for investigations 223 case allocation 221 co-operation with Commission and NCAs 230, 231, 232 competition law, application 228 9, 230 competition network 220 complainants 234 effect 215, 237 exchange of information 222, 223 interested parties 235 judicial review outline policy implementation and 92 stay or closure of proceedings see also antitrust enforcement, modernisation Modernisation White Paper 217 and interested parties 235 Monar, J. 289, Monetary Committee (MC), policy co-ordination 63 Monitoring Committees, planning networks 92 Monnet, Jean 26 MRL (maximum residue level) 433, 434 multilateral surveillance, policy coordination 59, 63 Mutual Recognition of Expulsion Decisions Directive Index 615 national competition authorities (NCAs) 215, 238 assistance for investigations 223 co-operation with complainants 235 consultation on cases by 227 emergency break 224, 225 exchange of information 222, 223, 224 National Courts Notice, antitrust enforcement , 232, 233 Nayer, J. 126 NCAs see national competition authorities (NCAs) negative mutual recognition, asylum and immigration policy Neighbourhood Policy, European 296, 363 neo-functionalism, and intergovernmentalism 393 network concept 3, 88 networks enforcement 91, 92 3 information 91 2 planning 91, 92 networks of administration concept 2, 3 policy implementation New Political Economics, and food safety 151, 174 Neyer, J. 32, 392, 518 NGOs (non-governmental organisations) 121, 128 police and judicial co-operation 345, 355 Nice Treaty (2001) 348 9/11 attacks 354 Noll, G. 319 Nordic Passport Union 296 notification torpedo, competition law 228 OECD (Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development), impact assessment 451, 452, 460, 472, 478, 488 Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market (OHIM) 86, 87 Official Journal comitology committees 116

20 616 Index and state aid control 188 Transparency Directive published in 247 OHIM (Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market) 86, 87 OLAF-unit 348 Olson, J. 151, 174 Open Method of Co-ordination (OMC) 60, 301 openness principle agenda setting 18 democratic openness and transparency practical issues output legitimacy food safety governance, notion 6 Packaging Directive, environmental policy 119 Pareto optimal solutions, and agenda setting 28 Parliament, European see European Parliament participation legislative impact assessment 467 legitimacy through 127 8, Pastore, F. 310 path-dependency approach 12, 13, and agenda setting (EU) 22 5 expert groups 25 8 normal science, and paradigmatic shifts 21 policy initiatives 23 Permanent Representations (RPs) 32, 33 and Council Working Groups 48, 49 Permanent Representatives Committee 373 pesticides, judicial review 427, Peters, G. 17 PHARE funding, enlargement 296 PIL (private international law) planning networks, policy implementation 91, 92 pluralist representation models, comitology 84 PoCo (Political Committee), CFSP 363, 373, 374 police and judicial co-operation , accountability deficits agenda setting Amsterdam Treaty (1997) 344, 345, 352 autonomy, bureaucratic, as limit on political steering catastrophes/unforeseen events constitutional treaty ( ) 345 current institutional and legal structure First Pillar 345, 346 further research areas in future EU system internal security policy International Criminal Police Commission 346 international influence, and multilevel governance Interpol 346 judicial co-operation judicial governance and administrative governance Maastricht Treaty (1992) 344, 351 police co-operation policy process implementation, poor negotiation stage Schengen Agreement (1985) 342, 347, 355 Third Pillar 342, 344, 345, 346, 352 Police Working Group on Terrorism 347 policy co-ordination, EU level Broad Economic Policy Guidelines 59 centralised evaluation and policy review 61 2 centralised initiation, and formulation 61 committees responsible 52 3, decentralised implementation 61 economic policies 59 employment policy 59 European Employment Strategy 59 fiscal policies 59

21 and Maastricht Treaty 59 macroeconomic dialogue (Cologne 1999) 59 multilateral surveillance 59, 63 structural reforms (Cardiff 1998) 59 vertical/horizontal 75, 90 see also policy implementation; policy-making policy cycle 45, 573 functions of administrative law 2 policy implementation agencies comitology see comitology constitutional framework 76 7, under constitutional treaty (2004) 95 8 delegation see delegation enforcement networks 91, 92 3 executive federalism 74 5, 76 external/internal view 75 information networks 91 2 Lamfalussy-type procedures 84 5 by networks of administration planning networks 91, 92 by private actors 94 5 securities market, four-level approach 85 structures for 75, trans-territorial administrative activity 91, 93 4 vertical/horizontal co-operation 75 see also policy co-ordination, EU level; policy-making policy-making and agenda setting 16, 22, 23, 28 circular process 22 formal 16 garbage can approach, agenda setting 28 implementation/administration of policy 16 initiatives 23 rational approach see rational policy-making approach see also policy co-ordination, EU level; policy implementation Political Committee (PoCo), CFSP 363, 373, 374 Index 617 Political and Security Committee (PSC), and CFSP 53, 363, 370, 374, 375, 376 post-interventionist law, concepts power, and agenda setting 13, 27 8 pre-socialisation, agenda setting 27 principal-agent theory comitology 116 impact assessment 454 9, intra-institutional, meaning 455 private international law (PIL), versus conflicts law proceduralisation 517 Procedures Directive, asylum and immigration policy 299, 313, 314, 323 professional secrecy concept, exchange of information, ECN 222 proportionality principle, border guards 305 Prospectus Directive (Pan-European regime) 244, adoption 256 competent authorities, powers harmonization role 250, 265 Lamfalussy process, potential problems 266 new developments, background offer to the public 246 Transparency Directive compared 248 PSC (Political and Security Committee) see Political and Security Committee (PSC) public law, international, and conflicts law 516 Public Offers of Securities Directive 246, 248, 249 pull factors thesis, asylum and immigration policy Qualification Directive 317 qualified majority voting (QMC), asylum and immigration policy 294, 295, 312, 322 quality principle, agenda setting 18 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 04/20/2019 Ramesh, M. 02:45:34AM 44

22 618 Index rational policy-making approach 12, and agenda setting (EU) criticism 20 decision-making phases 13, expert groups 15, RCPs (Regional Consultative Processes) 297 re-socialisation, agenda setting 26, 27, 28 Readmission Agreement (Poland and Schengen countries) (1991) 319 Reception Conditions Directive 313 reflexive law 517 Refugee Convention (1951) 298, 313, 320 Refugee Qualification Directive 300 Regional Consultative Processes (RCPs) 297 regulation, securities see securities regulation regulations, delegated/implementing, distinguished 97 Regulatory Impact Assessments (RIAs) 169, 170, Regulatory Procedure, comitology 79 RELEX Counsellors 369 repatriation, illegal immigrants 302 RIAs (Regulatory Impact Assessments) 169, 170, risk analysis competences, allocation 163 general structure trust-building, and legitimacy 162, 164 risk assessment risk communication 171, 174 strategies risk management, and food safety risk perception (food safety) affective heuristics 155, 156, 170 availability bias 155 confirmation bias 155 expert and public risk, distinguished 157 framing 155 overconfidence 155 Romania, on black list, visas 304 Rome Treaty (1958) antitrust enforcement 215 and Advisory Committee 226 application of competition law 228, 229, 230 co-operation with Commission and NCAs 230, 231, 232 competition law, application emergency break 224, 225 exchange of information 223 individuals, role of 233 judicial review 236 under Regulation 17/ asylum and immigration policy 293 and delegation of powers 424, 425 individual exemptions under 576 Lamfalussy process 263 and Monetary Committee 63 Rometsch, D. 22 Rosamond, B. 29 Round Table on Carriers Liability 302 RPs see Permanent Representations (RPs) Rules of Procedure agenda setting 17 CFSP 372 decision-making 47, 53 environmental policy 127 Sarbanes-Oxley Act (US), crisis management 269 SCA (Special Committee on Agriculture) 52, 66 SCFCAH (Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health) 168 Scharpf, Fritz 522 Scheinman, L. 31 Schengen Agreement (1985), police and judicial co-operation 342, 347, 355 Schengen Implementation Convention Schengen Joint Supervisory Authority 311 Schengen Protocol, Amsterdam Treaty (1997) 296 Schengen system Accession Protocols 293