Notes on the Contributors

Transcription

1 Notes on the Contributors Floya Anthias is currently Professor of Sociology and Social Justice (Emeritus) and Visiting Professor of Sociology at City University, London. She has also worked as Professor of Sociology at the University of Greenwich and Oxford Brookes University. Her main academic writings have been devoted to exploring the connections between different forms of social hierarchy and inequality with a particular concern with the links between gender, race and class (often referred to as intersectionality) as forms of social identity and difference and forms of social strati fi cation. Her theoretical and substantive research contributions have included theorising race, racism and ethnicity, interrogating the links between race and class and gender and class, theorising social divisions and strati fi cation, diaspora and hybridity, narratives of identity and belonging, multiculturalism, the connections between multiculturalism and feminism, women migrants in the labour market, self-employment (including research on the restaurant and catering sectors) and issues of generational change, looking at minority youth. Her books include Woman, Nation, State (co-edited with Nira Yuval Davis, Macmillan, 1989), Racialised Boundaries: race, nation, colour, class and the anti racist struggle (co-authored with Nira Yuval Davis, Routledge 1993), Ethnicity, Class, Gender and Migration: Greek Cypriots in Britain (Avebury Press, 1992), Into the Margins: Migration and Exclusion in Southern Europe, (co-edited, Ashgate 1999), Gender and Migration in Southern Europe: women on the move, (co-edited, Berg, 2000) and Rethinking antiracisms: from theory to practice (co-edited Routledge 2002). Her most recent work has been developing the concept of translocational positionality as a way of addressing some of the difficulties identified with concepts of hybridity, identity and intersectionality. Ron Ayres is Professor of Economics, University of Greenwich, London, UK. Professor Ayres was a member of the UK research teams in the EthnoGeneration and FeMiPol research projects funded by the EU and has written widely on issues of economics and development. His academic writings include concerns with inequality, international economic interaction, unemployment, privatisation, European integration, small states, cultural tourism and education. F. Anthias et al. (eds.), Paradoxes of Integration: Female Migrants in Europe, International Perspectives on Migration 4, DOI / , Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

2 192 Notes on the Contributors Veronika Bajt (Ph.D. in Sociology, University of Bristol, UK) has been a researcher at the Peace Institute since 2006, where she works on international projects. She has published internationally on topics of migration and gender and labour market, nationalism, discrimination, national identity construction and practices of othering in media discourse. Tamsin Barber is a lecturer in Political Sociology at Oxford Brookes University where she teaches research methods, Global Youth Cultures, introductory Sociology and contemporary social theory. Her research interests lie in the areas of race, ethnicity, youth and migration with a focus on issues of exclusion, inclusion and identity formation. She is currently writing a monograph Oriental Identities in Multicultural Britain: Young Vietnamese in London with Palgrave Macmillan, based on her doctoral research. Tamsin s methodological expertise lies in qualitative research methods, particularly qualitative interviewing and the biographical narrative method. She has been involved in a number of research projects on migration, inclusion and identity at Oxford Brookes University and at the Policy Studies Institute (PSI) at the University of Westminster. Giovanna Campani is a professor of Intercultural Education at the University of Florence. Since l995, she is director of a postgraduate course, Social Sciences and Intercultural Relations. She has participated and has directed different researches for international organisations (European Science Foundation, UNESCO, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, IOM) on intercultural relations, migrations and anti-racist work. Her principal fi eld of study focuses on intercultural education and educational systems, international migration, ethnic relations and gender issues. She has coordinated numerous research projects within the framework of EU Daphne and Stop I-II Programmes, IOM and MIUR (Italian Ministry of University and Research). She is an active member of Eurofor (European Research Forum on Migration and Ethnic Relations). She is author of several books and has published many articles in scienti fi c journals. Christine Catarino is a contractual researcher and an associate member of the Institut des Sciences sociales du Politique (ISP) University Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense. Her areas of investigation and publications include gender studies, migration and inter-ethnic relations. She co-edited a special issue of Migrations Société on migrant women in France and Europe in 1997 and of Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales on Gender and Migration in Maja Cederberg is a senior lecturer in Sociology at Oxford Brookes University, where she previously worked as a postdoctoral researcher. Her research interests are in international migration, gender, ethnicity, race and racism and social inequalities. Other related interests include work and employment, labour market and welfare policies and social theory and qualitative research methods. Tiziana Chiappelli is research assistant at the Social Studies Department. She graduated in Philosophy at the University of Florence and collaborated with the Department of Education specialises in Intercultural and Linguistic Sciences at the Foreign University of Siena and is researcher at the European Research Forum on

3 Notes on the Contributors 193 Migration and Ethnic Relations (EUROFOR/Florence). She participated in several European projects such as Material/Module for the training of specialized executives in the approach of problems of intercultural communication in the fi eld of local community (Neighbourhood, Municipality, Prefecture) (2004); Roma integration in the labour market (2005); FeMiPol. Her most relevant publications are the following: Language competence, intercultural communication and plurilinguism in Europe ; Non avevo mai visto le case lunghe (Vannini, Firenze, 2004; Chiappelli T., Whittle A.); Italiano attivo (Alma, Firenze, 2004; Bologna E., Chiappelli T., Sarcoli M., Troncarelli D.); Comunichiamo. Linee guida per l insegnamento della lingua italiana a ragazzi stranieri (Bulgarini, Firenze, 2006); and Ritrovamenti rituali in emigrazione: una ricerca in corso (Religioni e Società, n. 53, 2006). Mihaela Fulias-Souroulla has taught sociology at West University of Timisoara and University of Cyprus and has worked as a researcher in Romania and Cyprus in research projects such as FeMiPol and PRIMTS on policy implications for the integration of migrant women in the labour market and society. Recent publications include research reports, contributions to edited volumes published in Germany, Cyprus and Poland and articles published in The Cyprus Review and South European Society and Politics. Maria Kontos is a senior research fellow at the Institute of Social Research at Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main. She was the coordinator of the FeMiPol project. She has published on migration and gender, integration policy, welfare policy and care, self-employment and ethnic entrepreneurship, quality of life and family businesses of migrants and biographical methods. Among her recent publications are the co-edited volumes Self-employment of Women and Minorities. Their Success or failure in Relation to Social Citizenship policies, VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2008, and Women in New Migrations. Current Debates in European Societies, Jagiellonian University Press, Krakow, Karolina Krzystek holds a Master Degree in Sociology from the Jagiellonian University in Krakow and an Advanced Master Degree in European Administration from the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium. She specialised in migration and population studies and was involved in research and analysis of integration and migration fl ows of female immigrants in the framework of a European project FeMiPol. She also worked in the French High Authority against Discrimination and for Equality (HALDE) and currently holds a position of programme manager at the European Committee for Standardisation. Maria Liapi sociologist and gender equality expert. She is one of the founding members of the Centre for Research on Women s Issues «Diotima» and a member of its directing board. She has participated as scienti fi c coordinator in numerous studies, research tasks, women s projects and groups of gender equality experts at national and EU level. She is experienced in qualitative research methods and especially the biographical one, fi eld research, narrative interviews in particular in the fi eld of domestic work and self-employment of both migrant and native groups in relation to work conditions, social integration and quality of life.

4 194 Notes on the Contributors Mirjana Morokvasic-Müller is a research director and professor emeritus at the CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scienti fi que, Paris. She taught at the at the Université de Lille, University Paris X Nanterre and was a visiting fellow and professor at a number of universities abroad, among others, University of Sussex, WZB Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin, the Freie Universität and the Technische Universität Berlin, where she was Alexander von Humboldt fellow. Mirjana Morokvasic was Marie Jahoda Professor at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum in1999/2000. In 2001, she was a guest professor at the Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Institute for Gender Studies. Her research focuses on migration, identity processes, transnationalism and gender and privileges a comparative perspective. Her numerous publications in several languages include articles in referee journals and, among books, Crossing Borders and Shifting Boundaries. Gender on the Move (2003) co-edited with Umut Erel and Kyoko Shinozaki; on women, gender and migration Femmes, genre, migrations et mobilités (2005), a special issue of Revue Européenne des migrations internationales co-edited with Christine Catarino; and Migration and Mobility in an enlarged Europe. A gender perspective, co-edited with Sigrid Metz. Göckel and A. Senganata Münst. Mojca Pajnik is a senior research associate at the Peace Institute, Institute for Contemporary Social and Political Studies in Ljubljana and assistant professor at the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana. Among her recent works are Prostitution and Human Traf fi cking: Perspectives of Gender, Labour and Migration (2008) and Precarious Migrant Labour across Europe (with G. Campani 2011). She has published several articles and chapters on topics of migration, gender, citizenship and media. Kyoko Shinozaki, Ph.D., is a Senior lecturer at the Ruhr University Bochum, Germany. Her areas of interest are transnationality, gender and migration, care and citizenship with a regional focus on Europe and Asia. Her recent research looks at transnational mobility of scientists in the context of the internationalisation of higher education institutions. She co-edited Crossing Borders and Shifting Boundaries. Gender on the Move (2003) with Mirjana Morokvasic-Müller and Umut Erel. Nicos Trimikliniotis is an interdisciplinary scholar working in the fi elds of sociology and law. He is associate professor of Law and Sociology at the University of Nicosia and senior research consultant at PRIO Cyprus Centre. He has researched widely on human rights, discrimination, migration, gender, reconciliation, ethnic con fl ict and racism, constitutional, education and labour issues and has published several articles in books and journals. His latest work include Cyprus Beyond Partitionism: A State and Society in Transformation, Palgrave, 2012 [edited with Umut Bozkurt]; Contested Integration, Migration and Societal Transformation: European Dilemmas and Challenges, University of Nicosia Press, 2012; and The Nation-State Dialectic and the State of Exception [in Greek] (Savalas, Athens, 2010). Anna Vouyioukas, M.A., is a social anthropologist, researcher and gender equality consultant. She is experienced in fi eld research and participant observation and has done research on gender issues (social articulation of gender identity, self narratives

5 Notes on the Contributors 195 and life histories, gender mainstreaming, violence against women), migration and social policy. She has participated in national and EU research projects for the implementation and evaluation of the European employment strategy and gender equality on a local and national level. Currently, she works as a freelance researcher and gender expert cooperating with public organisations, local authorities and NGOs, planning and actively participating in the implementation of projects and policy measures aiming at the social integration of members of ethnic minorities, migrants and population groups at risk of exclusion.

6 Index A Activity rates, 21 23, 26 Agency, 7, 9, 38, 39, 41, 44, 48 52, 56, 60, 72, 88, 90, 94, 108, 114, 122, 137, 138, 144, 145, 149, 155, 156, 162, 179, 180, 183, 184 Assimilation, 3 5, 7 Asylum seekers, 5, 29, 46 48, 51, 56, 65, 68, 69, 73, 74, 82, 83, 86, 87, 101, 108, 119, 125, 126, 129 Au pairs, 37, 75, 89, 123, 139, 140, 142, 144, 146 Austria, 6, 20, 23, 28, 31, 32, 155, 178 B Belonging, 6 7, 9, 11, 12, 37, 55, 56, 98, 102, 103, 111, 112, 114, 115, 125, 191 Biography, 6 7 C Care chains, 43, 148 Care policies, , 141, 142 Citizenship active, 12, tests, 6, 99, 102, 103 Civic participation (inclusion), 105 Competencies, 4, 12, 79, 80, 83, 120, 134, 142, 145, 147, 162 Concept of integration, 1 3 Coping strategies, 12, 48, 52, 54, 74, 98, 107, 114 Culture, 3 7, 53, 63, 81, 92, 110, 111, 126, 140 Cyprus, 1, 10, 19 21, 24 26, 32, 40, 42, 46, 54, 62, 64, 66 69, 71, 73, 81, 82, 88, 89, 91, 100, 101, , 108, 113, 114, 126, 138, 141, 143, 147, 155, 158, 162, 167, 169, 178, 184 D De-familialising care regimes, 135 De-skilling, 26, 27, 33, 43, 52 55, 79 95, 107 language, 79, 86 92, 94, 95 Discrimination, 4, 17, 23, 25, 27, 30, 33, 39, 43, 52, 53, 56, 60, 62, 66, 67, 74, 85, 86, 128, 184 Domestic and care work, 1, 25, 133, 146 Domestic sector, 10, 31, 32, 46, 53, 79, 83, 88, 89, 92, 94, 139, 140, 143, 147, 148, 154, 160 Domestic services, 18, 31 33, 40, 65, 74, 121, 136, 141 workers, 31 33, 74, 121, 141 Domestic work, 25, 30 32, 40, 43, 45, 46, 48, 53, 60, 72, 73, 83, 87, 89, 92, 94, 107, 122, , , 145, 147, 149, 160, 169, 175 Downward social mobility, 10, 52, 54, 87, 88, 107, 149 Dual economy, 62 E East Europe, 30 Economic crisis, 21, 23, 39, 62, 67, 74, 118, 120 Education, 12, 22, 25, 26, 28, 33, 39, 43, 49, 80, 82 84, 93, 95, 117, 118, 123, 126, 139, 140, 143, 145, 158, 168 F. Anthias et al. (eds.), Paradoxes of Integration: Female Migrants in Europe, International Perspectives on Migration 4, DOI / , Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

7 198 Eldercare policies, 141 Emancipation, 109, 113 Employment agencies, 48, 138, 145, 149 Employment and integration, 12, 40, 42 47, 71 Empowerment, 93, 110, 114, 156, 187 Entertainment (dancers, entertainers), 10, 13, 18, 54, 65, 72, Ethnicisation of labour markets, 12, 43, Ethnicity, 2, 3, 9, 24, 27, 41, 62, 111, 166 Ethnic networks, 45, 46, 50, 53, 112, 118, 157 EU Directives, 63 European policies, 38 43, 88, 118, , 187 European Union immigration policy, 119 European Union policies, 119 Experiences, 2, 6, 7, 9 13, 23, 27, 33, 37 57, 59, 66, 74, 79, 83 87, 92 95, 98, 101, , , 121, 123, 129, , , 148, 149, Exploitation, 33, 38, 48, 55, 56, 59, 60, 62, 64, 66, 67, 144, 153, 155, 156, 159, 162, 168, , , F Familialism, , 149 Familialist care regimes, 135 Family member metaphor, 143 Family reuni fi cation, 2, 5, 26, 47, 56, 74, 119, 121, 123, , 140, 148, 183 Female migrants, 1, 11, 12, 17 33, 37, 38, 41 50, 52, 54 57, 63, 64, 74, 80, 84, 85, 89, 105, , 112, 113, , , 167 Flexibilisation of work, 12, 37, 40, 41, 43, Formalization of employment, 122, 129 Formal labour market, 62, 71, 88, 124, 128, 168, 183 France, 1, 5, 6, 8, 19 25, 28, 31, 32, 40, 41, 47, 51 54, 62, 70, 72, 81, 88, 89, 92, , , , , 141, 144, , , 164, 165, 168, 178, 179, 184 Free movement of workers, 119 G GAATW, 174, 176 Gender and migration, 174 Germany, 1, 5, 6, 11, 18 21, 24, 26 28, 31, 38, 40 44, 47, 48, 50, 53, 54, 62, 63, 68, 70, 72, 81, 85, 89, 91, 93, 94, , 108, 110, 121, , , 141, 142, , 155, , , 178, 184 Global care chain, 43 Globalization, 31, 88, 174, Global precariat, 12, 60 64, 71 Greece, 1, 10, 20 23, 25, 26, 28, 31, 32, 44, 47, 52, 62, 64, 68 70, 73, 81, 84 86, 88, 91 94, , 104, , 114, 127, 135, 139, 141, 147, 155, 158, 169, 178 H Human smuggling, 175, 176 Human trafficking, 179, 180, 187 Index I ILO, 30 32, 174, 177 Immigrants, 1, 23, 62, 64, 70, 140, 141, , 181, 182 Immigration irregular, 12, 62, 71 managed, 129 selective, 121 temporary, 12, 71, 124 Income, 11, 13, 25, 27 28, 44, 47, 48, 53, 63, 74, 84, 89, 102, 127, 138, 141, 153, 154, 157, 168 Inequality, 11, 17, 21, 27, 33, 39, 47, 70, 74, 184 Informalization, 31, 59 75, 129 Informal labour markets, 31 32, 38, 64, 70, 71, 74, 80, 83, 84, 126, 129, 186 Informal sectors of labour market, 106, 129 Informal work, 12, 43 45, 63 67, 71, 74, 140 Integration contracts, 6, 81 courses, 5, 80, 81, 83, 95 policies, 4, 10, 12, 40, 61, 69 71, 79, 82, 83, 87, 98, 109, 122 strategies, 37, 44, 57, 87 94, 129 International Organization for Migrations (IOM), 29, 30, 174, 176, 181 Intersectionality, 8, 83, 184 IOM. See International Organization for Migrations (IOM) Irregular immigration, 12, 62, 71

8 Index 199 Irregular migration, 11, 13, 18, 28 30, 32, 64, 65, 71, 118, 120, 122, 140, 174, , 183, 187 Irregular work, 44, 60, 62, 64 66, 71 73, 87, 139 Italy, 1, 10, 19 21, 25, 28, 31, 32, 40, 59, 62, 68, 69, 73, 81, 83, 85, 86, 93, 94, 100, , 108, 114, 119, 122, 127, 136, 137, , 144, 146, 147, , 161, 165, 166, 168, 175, 178, 180, 181, L Labour market(s) deregularisation, 41, 47 integration policies, 12, 79 Language acquisition, 12, 80, 82, 83, 87, 91 courses, 5, 80, 82, 83, 91, 92, 108, 111 learning, 80, 83, and orientation courses, 81 self-learning, 83 skills, 42, 46, 53, 80 83, 88 91, 112, 122, 126, 129, 147 tests, 81, 82, 97 training, 42, 79, 80, 86 Legalisation of stay, Legal status, 12, 13, 24, 29, 62, 65, 66, 68, 69, 80, 86, 88 90, 94, 104, 117, 118, 122, 123, 125, 126, 154, 169 Lisbon Treaty, 118, 120 Live-in domestic workers, 32, 68, 113 Local voting rights, 103, 104 Low skilled sector, 64 M Managed immigration, 129 Managed migration, 5, 129 Marginalization, 55, 59, 62 Marriage(s) of convenience, 127 migrants, 73, 89, 118, 126, 127 Maternity rights, 122, 123, 129 Mediterranean Model, 38, 64, 122 Migrants, Migration, Migration policies, 2, 5, 10 12, 38, 47 48, 56, 61, 71, 79 81, 101, 115, 118, , , 148, 187 Moral economy, 142 N Naturalization, 8, 21, 82, , 106 Net migration, 21 NGOs, 10, 11, 30, 80, 83, 92, 93, 95, 98, 105, 107, 110, 111, 147, 158, 160, 168, 169, 173, 174, 181, 183, 185, 186 O Occupational mobility, 89, 91, 94 Official discourses, 140 P The Palermo Protocol, 175, 176, 187 Part-time employment, 23, 24, 27, 41, 63, 68, 125 Permanent residence, 80, 82, 99, 100, 117, 122, 128 Points based system, 120 Poland, 1, 11, 19 21, 28, 32, 42, 53, 54, 62, 64, 67, 73, 81, 83, 89 91, 100, , 107, 108, 111, 114, 119, 122, 124, 125, 128, 136, 138, 139, 143, 145, 146, , 160, 162, 167, 178 Policies common European asylum policy, 119, 120 common European policy systems, 118 EU Directives, 63 European Union immigration policy, 119 European Union policies, 119 free movement of workers, 119 language acquisition, 12, 80, 82 Lisbon Treaty, 118, 120 migration, 2, 5, 10 12, 38, 47 48, 56, 71, 79, 115, 118, 122, , 187 point based system, 5, 120 prostitution, quota systems, 5, 119, 123, 127, welfare and care regimes, 38, 135 Political participation, 97, 98, , 107, 115 Political rights, 6, 47, 98, 99, 105, 107, 114 Portugal, 1, 20 23, 26, 28, 32, 40, 73, 81, 88, 90, 100, , 110, , , 147, 155, 157, 158, 161, 166, 178 Professionalization, 141, 147 of care work, 141 Prostitutes, 9, 68, 83, 144, , 168, 169, 186

9 200 Prostitution (sex workers, sexual services, commercial sex) debates on, , 168 indoor (flat), , 161 micro-geographies, 157 outdoor, 155 Protection, 26, 41, 63, 67, 68, 71, 86, 108, 119, 125, 128, 140, 147, 155, 156, 158, 159, 162, 173, 176, , Q Quali fi cations, 5, 12, 23, 26, 27, 41, 50, 51, 53, 55, 56, 84 87, 90, 92, 93, 117, 119, , 128, 129, 167 Quota systems, 5, 119, 123, 127, R Racialization, 4, 9, 66, 74, 122, 129 Reception and integration contract, 81 Recognition of certificates, 80, 84, 85 Recognition of professional skills, 79 Recognition of skills, 56, 117, 148 Refugees, 5, 19, 27, 46, 68, 82, 86, 89, 93, 101, 119, 120, 125 Regularization, 5, 10, 12, 29 31, 41, 69, 70, 74, 119, 121, 124, 140, 147 Residence rights, 5, 12, 42, 67, 68, 81, Residence status, 4, 6, 68, 70, 80 83, 117, Residency, 5, 8, 13, 168, 169 Reskilling policies, 86 87, 90, 94 vocational training, 80 Rights, 5, 13, 26, 41, 42, 44, 66, 68, 69, 73, 80, 82, , 106, 110, 119, 124, 135, 146, 148, 154, 185 S Securitisation, 2, 4, 5, 118, 120, 129 Segmented labour markets, 154, Selective immigration, 121 Self-employment, 39, 42, 48 52, 54, 88, 93 94, 110, 124, 147 Self-professionalization, 80 Service sector, 2, 10, 24, 25, 31, 32, 40, 72, 91 Service voucher, 121, 122 Sex industry, 31, 65, 72, 73, 154, 155 Sexualization, 165, 166 Significant others, 159 Skills, 17, 26, 27, 33, 38, 40, 42, 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 56, 79 94, 112, 117, , 125, 126, 128, 129, , , 161 Slovenia, 1, 10, 20, 40, 44, 53, 54, 62, 67, 71, 73, 81, 93, 94, 100, 101, , , 122, , 164, 166, 167, 169, 178 Smuggling, 13, 175, 176 Social and civic rights, 118 Social integration strategies, Social mobility, 8, 10, 27, 52, 54, 79, 87, 88, 93, 107, , 154, Social networks, 11, 46, 52, 53, 90, , 123, 124 Social policy, 6, 74, 135 Social recognition, 13, 70, , , Solidarity, 8 9, 108, 157 South Europe, 21 24, 30, 32, 38, 42, 52, 64, 65, 74, 89, 136, , 145, 191 Spain, 1, 10, 11, 19 22, 24 26, 28, 30 32, 53, 62, 72, 81, 86, 88, 90, 100, 101, , 119, 135, 139, 141, 155, 156, 158, 160, 166, 167 Spatial and social mobility, , Stabilisation of residence status, 117 Statistics, 11, 18, 20 22, 29, 41, 49, 61, 64, 65, 84 Stereotypes, 13, 42, 66, 74, 106, 108, 126, 141, 144, 145, 149, 163, 165, 166, 169, 184, 187 Stigmatization, 154, , 169 Strategies othering, 169 professional, 163 self protection, 162 Survival strategies, 60, 88, 93, 164, 166 Sweden, 1, 11, 20, 21, 23, 24, 27, 28, 40 42, 46, 49, 50, 54, 60, 62, 63, 72, 81, 82, 85, 86, 89, 100, , 109, 112, 113, 136, 138, 139, 146, 147, 155, 178 T Temporary employment, 23, 24, 33 Temporary migration, 43, 124 Third country nationals, 22, 24, 29, 67, 83, 119, 178 TiP report, 173, 180, 181, 187 Tolerated stay, 125 Index

10 Index Traf fi cking, 13, 18, 30 31, 46, 60, 83, 86, 87, 120, 155, 168, 169, Training programmes, 12, 38, 42, 48, 50, 51 Transnational perspective, 7, 8 U Undocumented migrants, 5, 12, 29, 30, 32, 63, 70 72, 83, 86, 119, 129, 180, 187 Undocumented migration, 29, 30, 61 Undocumented work, 44, 59, 65, 66, 68, 74 Unemployment, 18, 22 24, 27, 33, 39, 41, 42, 52, 56, 86 United Kingdom, 1, 3 6, 19 21, 23 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 40 42, 44 51, 53, 54, 62, 63, 66, 68, 70, 72, 81, 82, 86, 90, 91, 93, 99, 100, , 109, 111, , 125, 127, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 147, 155, 159, 178, V Values, 2 6, 50, 51, 53, 54, 63, 81, 94, 99, 103, 108, 110, 126, 134, 144, 146, 166 Victimization, 158, 179, 182, 183 Victims of traf fi cking, 83, 86, 87, 155, 168, 178, Vocational mobility, 146 Voluntary social work, 88 Voluntary work, 38, 48 52, 93, 114, 147 W Welfare regimes, 12, 37 57, 135, 141 Welfare through work, Women, Y Yugoslavia, 107,