1918?? US fails to recognize Bolshevik regime and the USSR April 12, 1945?? FDR dies Stalin had immense respect for FDR which did not carry through

Transcription

1

2 1918?? US fails to recognize Bolshevik regime and the USSR April 12, 1945?? FDR dies Stalin had immense respect for FDR which did not carry through to Truman 1946?? Kennan Telegram urging the US gov t to recognize the evil s of Stalin s regime

3 August 1945?? Atomic Bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1946?? Winston Churchill coined the phrase The Iron Curtain What other dates can be included in this list???

4 1. IDEOLOGICAL Communism is incompatible with democracy and capitalism 2. TWO BIG SUPER POWERS Giant Chess game of power Chess board was the world Decisions were made for national self-interest

5 3. PSYCHOLOGICAL Misperception no matter what the Russians did it would be misperceived and vice versa Mirror Imaging Americans believe that what we do is right and good, and look at Soviets and what they do as bad and evil (reverse happens in USSR)

6 Before WWII Europe was the center of World Politics WWII Europe was destroyed by the war, leaving power vacuum which needed to be filled

7 Initially filled by US Marshall Plan Nuclear Power Only intact industrialized country USSR begins a rapid recovery initiating the Bi-Polar Period

8

9 Soviet Troops block all road, rail and water traffic between West Berlin and the West US, Britain, and France airlifted 23 million tons of food and supplies into the city for 15 months

10

11

12 Mao Tse Tung (Chairman Mao) (Mao Zedong) Enormous land mass now under communist control Korean War

13 Initial Attack Counter attack

14 Chinese Advance Armistice

15 In 1949 the western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to co-ordinate their defense against USSR. It originally consisted of: America Belgium Britain Canada Denmark France Holland Italy Luxembourg Norway Portugal Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991,some former Soviet republics have applied for membership to NATO.

16

17 WARSAW PACT East European Countries and the USSR sign pact to ensure unified command against NATO

18 United States policy to stop Soviet expansion a policy of determined and continued resistance against Communism.

19 Most visible and most frightening aspect of the Cold War Awesome Power of the weapons WWII s most powerful conventional bomb 1,200 Tons of TNT Hiroshima 20,000 tons of TNT 1 megaton warhead on an ICBM = 1,000,000 tons of TNT

20 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki US display their atomic power 1949 USSR test first atom bomb 1952 US tests first Hydrogen bomb 1952 Britain tests first atom bomb 1960 France tests first atom bomb 1964 China test first atom bomb

21 Height Late 1970s Early 1980s 23,000 large Nuclear Warheads 50,000 smaller Nuclear charges Enough to kill populations of both the US and the USSR many times over MAD Mutually Assured Destruction

22

23

24

25

26

27 1. Khrushchev decided to deploy nuclear weapons in Cuba 2. Kennedy said no told Soviets to get out 3. Khrushchev backed down

28 Khrushchev promised Nuclear Weapons to China and reneged US Couldn t believe the split thought it was a game

29 1963 Rumania begins to pursue independence 1964 Brezhnev succeeds Khrushchev 1968 Soviets invade Czechoslovakia to stop reform movement 1980 Solidarity movement established in Poland

30 Japan and West Germany OPEC degree of control over the supply of oil into the international market Multi-polarity - Economically

31

32 Implosion Theory USSR collapsed from within Lack of creativity Lack of Competition Lack of Incentive The base it was founded on were the seeds of its destruction

33 Personality Theory It is people who made the difference 1. Gorbachev 1 st leader of USSR to graduate from College A. Perestroika reform of Soviet political economic system B. Glasnost Openness Free exchange of information

34 2. Ronald Reagan won the Cold War This would demean 50 years on Containment 3. Gorbechev unleashed forces he could not control 4. Boris Yeltsin (former Mayor of Moscow) pushed for democratic reforms

35

36 1. Strategic Overstretch Soviet put too many resources overseas and in military No way could they maintain their empire 2. Containment Reagan s - $3Trillion Defense Budget Strategic Defense Initiative A Shield (Force Field) The system was going to cost a fortune

37 1.Superpowers withdrew from their spheres of influence Bosnia Balkans 2.Enormous Spread of Democracy

38 3. New Countries have entered the International arena 14 from the break down of the USSR alone 4. Greater use of the UN More peacekeeping operations than in it s entire history

39 6. Nuclear Legacy Economy of USSR is struggling Security Problems USSR Nuclear Technicians are hiring themselves out 7. New Game of Nuclear Proliferation 1. India and Pakistan