The 1928 Linlithgow Commission on Indian Agriculture [Q-Viceroy of India Timing-?] names the Pattagarar of Palayakottai as an example of a breeder

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3 Jallikattu Governor clearing an ordinance on jallikattu- question is whether the sport will help preserve indigenous breeds of cattle. The State amendment to the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 exempt jallikattu from the purview of the law Protests are continuing, as its spearheads demand a permanent solution. Two people were tragically killed and over 120 injured in the jallikattu at Pudukottai on Sunday The proponents(समर थक ) of jallikattu say that 1)- If the sport is banned, owners of indigenous bulls may no longer find it worth preserving the indigenous variants. 2)- They say it is the untamed bull that is used for breeding and so they may no longer be able to identify the strongest male, as a result of which the stock will weaken. It is only the Jellicut (identified as Pulikulam)- described scientifically-small bull specially bred for bull-fighting/taming(क ब ). Accurate and permanent records of individual cows and breeding herds also need to be maintained, even for those cows that are culled(म र गई ) and sold, to trace family histories Lack of data There don t seem to be accurate recorded data for indigenous cattle. The 18th Livestock Census, no indigenous variants at all for Tamil Nadu. It lists only Exotic Jersey, Exotic Holstein Friesian, Exotic Other, and Exotic Cross-breeds. On the other hand, the Jharkhand Livestock Census only has data indigenous cattle by name: Alambadi, Bachaur, Deoni, Gaolao, Jellicut (0), Kangayam (0), etc.

4 The 1928 Linlithgow Commission on Indian Agriculture [Q-Viceroy of India Timing-?] names the Pattagarar of Palayakottai as an example of a breeder whose careful breeding had resulted in the Kangayam breed. However, till date, there is no herd book or register established for the breed, according to the Animal Genetic Resources of India website. If data available-this data will help enthusiasts and commercial organisations to choose the kind of animal they would like to breed Purpose of breeding could be to enhance or maintain existing qualities -milking, or. Animals used for sport need special selective breeding strategies. Enhancement of native breeds The American Brahman, the first beef cattle breed developed in the U.S.- The Brahman cattle tolerates heat, is resistant to insects. The National Animal Germplasm Program of the U.S. government is a multinational effort in collaboration with Canada and Brazil. They preserve samples from about 25,000 animals around the world frozen semen, embryos, ovaries, and tissue which can be used to reconstitute livestock populations.

5 Rohingya crisis. The Rohingyas Muslims - discriminated and denied basic human rights, removed from the mainstreamno land they can call home. Most Rohingyas are not qualified to be citizens of Myanmar as per the 1982 Citizenship Law, which was promulgated by military junta. Military junta claimed that there were no Rohingyas in Myanmar before the British brought Bengalis to Burma, There is sufficient evidence to show that the Rohingyas pre-existed the British-engineered migration (during the British occupation of the Arakan State in 1823) from present-day Bangladesh to Burma. Hundreds of people have been killed at the hands of the military, many more hundreds have disappeared, scores of women sexually assaulted. Myanmar, however, denies that its military has committed any wrong. Government- appointed inquiry committee recently concluded that there were no cases of genocide and religious persecution in the region. Even more distressing is that all of this is now happening under the stewardship of Aung San Suu Kyi, who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize - non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights

6 Despite the return of democracy in 2015, the military continues to have a strong hold over the civilian government- especially on key issues such as defence, border affairs and home affairs- one-fourth of the seats in Parliament for the military. Ms. Suu Kyi s party -herself is barred from becoming the country s president (she holds the post of State Counsellor) since her children are British citizens. Under such circumstances, her ability on the establishment remains limited- powerful military - response to the Rohingya crisis has been both inadequate and half-hearted election campaign, she accused of not visiting the Rohingyas, lest it invite the wrath of the majority Buddhist community, some of whose leaders -anti-rohingya. In August last year, Ms. Suu Kyi formed an advisory commission on Rakhine State under the chairmanship of Kofi Annan, former Secretary General of the UN Commission Neutral and impartial body which aims to propose concrete measures for improving the welfare of all people in Rakhine state Critiqued by the international community for her inadequate and irresolute response - pursuit of political expediency and consequent unwillingness to condemn mass violence against a minority.

7 Geostrategic considerations Western world is busy with the unfolding of events in Syria and the resultant refugee crisis The UN has also proven to be powerless on the Rohingya question China made it clear that it was an internal matter of Myanmar- Beijing, its relationship with Myanmar s Militry is important to gain access to the country s natural resources. India, a traditional home for Myanmar s pro-democracy activists, has been reluctant to either speak out about the violence 1)- Beijing s closeness to Myanmar clearly worries New Delhi 2)-Myanmar s assistance is seen as significant in dealing with the insurgency in the Northeast New Delhi s record of accommodating the Rohingyas is better than that of Beijing as it has accepted thousands of Rohingyas over the past many years. Recall that India has not signed the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention or its 1967 Protocol which require countries to accept refugee Government s controversial proposal to amend the country s citizenship laws-the new bill, the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016, proposes that Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, Parsis and Christians entering India from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan not be considered as illegal immigrants. While the proposed amendment is technically prominority, it certainly is anti-muslim.

8 Need for imaginative diplomacy Although New Delhi s reluctance to speak out publicly about the violations against the Rohingyas is understandable- Benefits to India if speak- 1)- When peace returns to Myanmar, India can ask the latter to rehabilitate the Rohingyas (like it did vis-à-vis East Pakistan refugees after the 1971 war). 2)- A stable and democratic Myanmar will naturally gravitate towards New Delhi. 3)-Most importantly, the Rohingya crisis, if it remains unsettled, can become a path toward radicalisation and pose a greater security threat for India. There are reports of increasing radicalisation among sections of the Rohingya community. New Delhi should use creative diplomacy - to resolve the Rohingya crisis It should perhaps consider appointing a special envoy for this purpose who should hold negotiations with Myanmar s military, Ms. Suu Kyi, Dhaka and Beijing in order to bring an end to the crisis

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12 Dealing with the deadwood Deadwood parts of a tree or branch which are dead or people or things that are no longer useful or productive. The Central government s recent decision to compulsorily retire two Indian Police Service (IPS) officrs and one Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer for nonperformance is bold and laudable(प रश सन य) The compulsory retirements are in pursuance(अन सरण) of the service rules that contemplate(व च र करन ) a review either when an officer reaches the age of 50 or completes 25 years of service Such action was a long-needed - growingly dishonest civil service. There was a similar- attempt in the wake of the Emergency PM Indira Gandhi. Cynics(वन दक) may say this is a gimmick(न ट क ) or a symbolic act that would hardly mend(स ध र) the ways of the bureaucracy. Need to uphold the basic democratic principle of a healthy executive control over the civil service- if we want to enhance the currently poor standards of public administration

13 Perks(भत ) of the services The public should know that our All India Services [Q-?] and the Central Services are paid well by Indian standards After passing the Union Public Service Commission [Q-Part of constitution-?] examination, the system takes care of you PM- Effrot to convert the bureaucracy into an accountable body that is sensitive to public demands. Ordinary citizens mostly cannot get through to any senior member of the bureaucracy -to express their grievances. One should study the phenomenon of how some senior officers become deadwood. The IPS, IAS and the Indian Forest Service (IFS) each have their own sizeable number of dishonest officers. Models of probity If a District Collector or a District Superintendent of Police is himself not a model of efficiency and honesty, the trainee Assistant Collector or Assistant Superintendent of Police cannot go elsewhere to learn the virtues of hard work and probity. If the system is functioning and has not collapsed, it is because we still have a handful of outstanding men and women in the higher bureaucracy, who are motivated by a spirit of service -models to young officers.

14 The 1928 Linlithgow Commission on Indian Agriculture-- The Marquess of Linlithgow- (18 April October 1943) Aung San Suu Kyi is a Burmese politician, diplomat, and author who is the First and incumbent State Counsellor and Leader of the National League for Democracy. She is also the first woman to serve as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Myanmar, the Minister of the President's Office, the Minister of Electric Power and Energy, and the Minister of Education in President Htin Kyaw's Cabinet, and from 2012 to 2016 was a Pyithu Hluttaw MP for Kawhmu Township. Nobel Peace Prize for 1991 to Aung San Suu Kyi Citizenship provides rights such as right to vote, and are also subjected to duties or obligation, such as paying taxes. Citizenship is covered in Part II of the constitution, within articles The All India Services comprises Civil Services of India, namely the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), the Indian Forest Service (IFS) and the Indian PoliceService (IPS) A common unique feature of the All India Services is that the members of these services are recruited by the Center (Union government in federal polity), but their services are placed under various State cadres, and they have the liability to serve both under the State and under the Centre. Due to the federal polity of the country, this is considered one of the tools that makes union government stronger than state governments. Officers of these three services comply to the All India Services Rules relating to pay, conduct, leave, various allowances etc

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