Decoding the Alt-Right
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1 Decoding the Alt-Right Analyzing Online Toxicity on Social Media Simon Roth 1 & Fabio Votta nomis.roth@gmx.com 2 fabio.votta@gmail.com Slides:
2 What is the Alt-Right? 2 / 39
3 Non-ironic Nazism masquerading as ironic Nazism. ~Andrew Anglin, Founder of the The Daily Stormer 3 / 39
4 What is the Alt-Right? A group of loosely aligned individuals and subgroups that predominately consist of white, young & male frequent internet user. Although adherence to these beliefs varies, these are some common themes within the Alt-Right: 4 / 39
5 What is the Alt-Right? A group of loosely aligned individuals and subgroups that predominately consist of white, young & male frequent internet user. Although adherence to these beliefs varies, these are some common themes within the Alt-Right: Antipathy towards both liberals ( social justice warriors ) and conservatives ( cuckservatives ) 4 / 39
6 What is the Alt-Right? A group of loosely aligned individuals and subgroups that predominately consist of white, young & male frequent internet user. Although adherence to these beliefs varies, these are some common themes within the Alt-Right: Antipathy towards both liberals ( social justice warriors ) and conservatives ( cuckservatives ) Fighting a "culture war" against perceived liberal consensus within the establishment 4 / 39
7 What is the Alt-Right? A group of loosely aligned individuals and subgroups that predominately consist of white, young & male frequent internet user. Although adherence to these beliefs varies, these are some common themes within the Alt-Right: Antipathy towards both liberals ( social justice warriors ) and conservatives ( cuckservatives ) Fighting a "culture war" against perceived liberal consensus within the establishment Belief that freedom of speech is being threatened by "political correctness" 4 / 39
8 What is the Alt-Right? A group of loosely aligned individuals and subgroups that predominately consist of white, young & male frequent internet user. Although adherence to these beliefs varies, these are some common themes within the Alt-Right: Antipathy towards both liberals ( social justice warriors ) and conservatives ( cuckservatives ) Fighting a "culture war" against perceived liberal consensus within the establishment Belief that freedom of speech is being threatened by "political correctness" Strong animosity towards feminism, multiculturalism and immigration ("cultural marxism") 4 / 39
9 What is the Alt-Right? A group of loosely aligned individuals and subgroups that predominately consist of white, young & male frequent internet user. Although adherence to these beliefs varies, these are some common themes within the Alt-Right: Antipathy towards both liberals ( social justice warriors ) and conservatives ( cuckservatives ) Fighting a "culture war" against perceived liberal consensus within the establishment Belief that freedom of speech is being threatened by "political correctness" Strong animosity towards feminism, multiculturalism and immigration ("cultural marxism") Belief in biological differences in between races and genders that justifies separate treatment 4 / 39
10 What is the Alt-Right? A group of loosely aligned individuals and subgroups that predominately consist of white, young & male frequent internet user. Although adherence to these beliefs varies, these are some common themes within the Alt-Right: Antipathy towards both liberals ( social justice warriors ) and conservatives ( cuckservatives ) Fighting a "culture war" against perceived liberal consensus within the establishment Belief that freedom of speech is being threatened by "political correctness" Strong animosity towards feminism, multiculturalism and immigration ("cultural marxism") Belief in biological differences in between races and genders that justifies separate treatment Ambiguous and troll-like behavior as to ensure plausible deniability 4 / 39
11 What is the Alt-Right? 5 / 39
12 What is the Alt-Right? 6 / 39
13 What is the Alt-Right? 7 / 39
14 What is the Alt-Right? 8 / 39
15 What is the Alt-Right? 9 / 39
16 What is the Alt-Right? 10 / 39
17 What is the Alt-Right? 11 / 39
18 Data Collection 12 / 39
19 What data did we collect? 13 / 39
20 What data did we collect? Text data from three Platforms: Facebook, Twitter and YouTube 13 / 39
21 What data did we collect? Text data from three Platforms: Facebook, Twitter and YouTube Comments from 36 Alt-Right connected profiles/youtube channels 13 / 39
22 What data did we collect? Text data from three Platforms: Facebook, Twitter and YouTube Comments from 36 Alt-Right connected profiles/youtube channels Comments from 6 Media Outlets (CNN, MSNBC, ABC, Fox News, Washington Post, New York Times) 13 / 39
23 What data did we collect? Text data from three Platforms: Facebook, Twitter and YouTube Comments from 36 Alt-Right connected profiles/youtube channels Comments from 6 Media Outlets (CNN, MSNBC, ABC, Fox News, Washington Post, New York Times) Comments from the entire year / 39
24 What data did we collect? Text data from three Platforms: Facebook, Twitter and YouTube Comments from 36 Alt-Right connected profiles/youtube channels Comments from 6 Media Outlets (CNN, MSNBC, ABC, Fox News, Washington Post, New York Times) Comments from the entire year 2017 In total over 30 million comments/tweets 13 / 39
25 Who did we scrape? Alt-Right 14 / 39
26 Who did we scrape? - Media 15 / 39
27 Language Modeling: Toxicity 16 / 39
28 Language Predictions Data Cooperation between Wikipedia and Jigsaw Five thousand crowd-workers were involved Approx. 160k comments annotated with toxicity scores The dataset is documented here. Machine Learning Balanced data to Text Normalization Different Keras Models (Accuracy ~90%) Prediction scores (toxicity) for each comment in the entire corpus 17 / 39
29 User Activity Types How do Media and Alt-Right interact online? 18 / 39
30 Di erentiating between User Activity Types 19 / 39
31 Shared Active Users: Alt-Right Pro les and Media Outlets 20 / 39
32 Multilevel Logit Regression: 21 / 39
33 The Flow of Toxicity 22 / 39
34 Average Toxicity by Day 23 / 39
35 Content Analysis 24 / 39
36 Multilevel Logit Regression: 25 / 39
37 Most Frequent Bigram Network - Muslims 26 / 39
38 Most Frequent Bigram Network - Jews
39 Most Frequent Bigram Network - Migrants
40 Conclusions 27 / 39
41 Conclusions Alt-Right pages exhibit much greater levels of toxicity than Media equivalents 28 / 39
42 Conclusions Alt-Right pages exhibit much greater levels of toxicity than Media equivalents Alt-Right toxicity spikes on days of Trump administration news and major Terror attacks 28 / 39
43 Conclusions Alt-Right pages exhibit much greater levels of toxicity than Media equivalents Alt-Right toxicity spikes on days of Trump administration news and major Terror attacks There is a good share of users that comment both on Alt-Right and Media pages 28 / 39
44 Conclusions Alt-Right pages exhibit much greater levels of toxicity than Media equivalents Alt-Right toxicity spikes on days of Trump administration news and major Terror attacks There is a good share of users that comment both on Alt-Right and Media pages Alex Jones and Paul Joseph Watson share a considerable user base with each other as well as with Fox News and CNN 28 / 39
45 Conclusions Alt-Right pages exhibit much greater levels of toxicity than Media equivalents Alt-Right toxicity spikes on days of Trump administration news and major Terror attacks There is a good share of users that comment both on Alt-Right and Media pages Alex Jones and Paul Joseph Watson share a considerable user base with each other as well as with Fox News and CNN Highest levels of toxicity on Media pages are from polarized Alt-Right users 28 / 39
46 Conclusions Alt-Right pages exhibit much greater levels of toxicity than Media equivalents Alt-Right toxicity spikes on days of Trump administration news and major Terror attacks There is a good share of users that comment both on Alt-Right and Media pages Alex Jones and Paul Joseph Watson share a considerable user base with each other as well as with Fox News and CNN Highest levels of toxicity on Media pages are from polarized Alt-Right users On Alt-Right pages, polarized Media users are almost as toxic as Alt-Right users 28 / 39
47 Conclusions Alt-Right pages exhibit much greater levels of toxicity than Media equivalents Alt-Right toxicity spikes on days of Trump administration news and major Terror attacks There is a good share of users that comment both on Alt-Right and Media pages Alex Jones and Paul Joseph Watson share a considerable user base with each other as well as with Fox News and CNN Highest levels of toxicity on Media pages are from polarized Alt-Right users On Alt-Right pages, polarized Media users are almost as toxic as Alt-Right users Polarized Alt-Right users use much more toxic language when talking about Immigrants, Black people and Muslims 28 / 39
48 Thanks for Listening! Slides: 29 / 39
49 References Hawley, G. (2017). Making Sense of the Alt-right. Columbia University Press. Marwick, A., & Lewis, R. (2017). Media manipulation and disinformation online. New York: Data & Society Research Institute. 30 / 39
50 Appendix 31 / 39
51 Milo Yiannopolous' characterization of the Alt-Right: The alt-right is a movement born out of the youthful, subversive, underground edges of the internet. 4chan and 8chan are hubs of alt-right activity. For years, members of these forums political and non-political have delighted in attention-grabbing, juvenile pranks. Long before the alt-right, 4channers turned trolling the national media into an in-house sport. Marwick and Lewis 2017 Hawley 2017 Term coined by Richard Spencer to describe a version of white nationalism that positions itself as comprised of younger, wealthier, and better-educated individuals than traditional white supremacist groups like the Klu Klux Klan. Deeply entwined with social media and staples of internet culture, like memes. Believes that political correctness threatens individual liberty. Example: Jared Taylor of the American Renaissance, Mike Cernovich of Danger and Play. Using the loosest definition, we could say the Alt-Right includes anyone with right-wing sensibilities that rejects the mainstream conservative movement. But there are certain common, perhaps universal attitudes within the Alt-Right. The Alt-Right is fundamentally concerned with race. At its core, the Alt-Right is a whitenationalist movement, even if many (perhaps most) of the people who identify with the Alt-Right do not care for that term. The most energetic and significant figures of the movement want to see the creation of a white ethnostate in North America. Allum Bokhari and Milo Yiannopoulos, An Establishment Conservative s Guide to the Alt-Right, Breitbart, March 29, 2016, 32 / 39
52 Appendix: Total Number of Posts and Comments: Alt-Right 33 / 39
53 Appendix: Text Predictions 34 / 39
54 Appendix: Explainability I Communist control freak engineered scum situation this attack proves it's all organized ahead of time Shoot dat nigga amp his shorty bitch shorty bitch VICESports it past your bed time No wonder no one reads that garbage on vice because faggots like you write shit fuck off Get the fuck outta here talking bout the response will be better You fucking ignorant stupid asshole 35 / 39
55 Appendix: Explainability II word glove lstm gru multi stacked grucnn ngram Communist Communist control freak control control freak engineered freak freak engineered scum engineered engineered scum situation scum scum situation this situation situation this attack this this attack proves attack attack proves it's proves proves it's all it's it's all organized all all organized ahead organized organized ahead of ahead ahead of time of of time time 36 / 39
56 Appendix: Nullmodel 37 / 39
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