ISCG. IOM Needs and Population Monitoring. SITE MANAGEMENT CATEGORY 1 INCIDENT ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING Survey Analysis: May-November 2018.

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1 IOM Needs and Population Monitoring SITE MANAGEMENT CATEGORY 1 INCIDENT ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING Survey Analysis: May-November 218 March 219 ISCG INTER SECTOR COORDINATION GROUP SITE MANAGEMENT SECTOR COX S BAZAR

2 OVERVIEW IOM Bangladesh Needs and Population Monitoring NPM) is part of IOM s global Displacement Tracking Matrix DTM) programming. DTM is IOM s information management system to track and monitor displacement and population mobility. It is designed to regularly and systematically capture, process and disseminate information to provide a better understanding of the movements and evolving needs of displaced populations, whether on site or en route. The category 1 incident assesment and reporting system is a core activity of the Site Management Sector in Bangladesh and is operated by NPM. DISCLAIMER The information contained in this report is for general information purposes only. Names and boundaries on NPM information products do not imply official endorsement of acceptance by IOM. The information in this report is the result of data collectedby the Site Management Sector partners and complements information provided and generated by governmental and other entities in Bangladesh. IOM Bangladesh endeavors to keep this information as up to date and accurate as possible, but makes no claim-expressed or implied-on the completeness, accuracy and suitability of the information provided through this report. In no event will IOM be liable for any loss or damage, whether direct, indirect or consequential related to the use of this report and the information provided herein. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IOM Bangladesh thanks the U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration PRM) for its continued support. IOM Bangladesh also expresses its gratitude to the Site Management Support Agencies for their work in collecting the data; their tireless efforts are the groundwork of this report.

3 INTRODUCTION Following a military crackdown in August 217 in Rakhine State, Myanmar, an estimated 7, Rohingya refugees fled to Cox s Bazar District, Bangladesh. Previous influxes were recorded in October 216, when approximately 87, people crossed into Bangladesh, and other waves were registered during the previous decades. The total number of Rohingya refugees in Cox s Bazar, including those residing in the district prior to August 217 is estimated to be 925, individuals. The Rohingya refugee population are concentrated in extremely congested sites within Ukhia and Teknaf Upazilas of Cox s Bazar district. The environment in Cox s Bazar district is highly vulnerable due to annual monsoon and cyclone seasons. Most of the shelters that refugees live in are constructed using tarpaulin sheeting and bamboo in areas that are either hilly or low-lying. The combination of densely populated sites and poor shelter conditions exposes the refugee population to serious risks associated with the heavy rains and high winds, such as flooding and landslides. To support refugees during the cyclone and monsoon seasons, the Site Management and Site Development SMSD) Sector, in support of the Inter Sector Coordination Group ISCG), established the Category 1 Incident Assessment and reporting system. This system was developed by the SMSD Sector, in coordination with the ISCG and UNHCR IM Unit, with technical support from NPM. Through these assessments, SMS Agencies systematically collect information across all camps in Cox s Bazar affected by category 1 incidents. A category 1 incident corresponds to a small-scale localized event such as landslides, flood, wind) that caused minor to moderate damage and has little or no impact outside the locally affected area. In case of category 2 or category 3 events 1, of larger scope, the Inter Sector Coordination Group ISCG) would trigger a Joint Need Assessment JNA) and the category 1 incident reporting exercise would be suspended. The purpose of the assessment is to track daily any category 1 incidents across all camps, and their impact on the affected population. It is aimed at: Collecting damage and displacement information systematically across all blocks 2 affected by category 1 events; Reporting on initial immediate actions taken Providing a comprehensive overview of localized incidents/events occurred across all camps daily through the aggregation of all assessments reports received Category 2 An event that disrupts all or most of the refugee settlements but does not affect surrounding communities. E.g. Major flooding incident. - Category 3 A major disaster that adversely affects the entire area, and the surrounding communities. E.g. cyclone 2. The unit of reference used in the category 1 assessment was the majhee block. A majhee is a community leader, belonging to the Rohingya refugee population. A block is the portion of a settlement for which he/she is responsible. 3. An Interactive webmap of all the Category 1 incidents that have occured can be found here. LOCATION Admin boundaries: LGED MAP Site boundaries: ISCG Ukhia Jalia Palong Country boundary District boundary Union boundary Camp area Rangpur Rajshahi Khulna Country Boundary Division Boundary Camp area Choukhali Camp 21 Camp 22 Camp 23 Dhaka Raja Palong Palong Khali Choukhali, Camp 21 Mymensingh Barisal Sylhet Chittagong Raja Palong Naikhongchhari Whykong Camp 24 Camp 25 Camp 26 Camp 27 Nayapara RC Ghandung Baharchhara B a y o f B e n g a l ± Teknaf Km Kutupalong, Balukhali and Expansion M a y a n m a r Nhilla Teknaf

4 METHODOLOGY The Category 1 incident assessment systematically collects information across all camps affected by category 1 events. The questionnaire 4 was developed to capture key information to be collected within the first 24 hours after an incident occurs. The questions are derived from the ISCG JNA, that was developed in coordination with all sectors. Data was collected and reported daily by the SMS agency for each camp. Each SMS agency pre-assigned focal points responsible for completing the daily questionnaire. A KoBo form was submitted before 18: on each day including weekends) to a centralized server, managed by IOM NPM. Data was cleaned daily by IOM NPM before being shared with the SMSD Sector and the UNHCR IM unit. As part of the daily cleaning process, all anomalies, confusing or particularly serious entries were checked with the relevant agency focal points via phone. A final, clean dataset was then shared with SMSD sector. The Collation of individual reports was then completed by the SMSD Sector. 5 CATEGORY 1 DATA COLLECTION PROCESS 4. To access the questionaire, please click here 5. To access the full methodology note, please click here LIMITATIONS The data presented in this document provides a brief overview of all reported category 1 incidents between May and November 218. It is not intended to present in-depth analysis of the cyclone and monsoon season of 218. The methodology focused purely daily incidents, and as such analysis on levels of damage to shelters, facilities etc.) as well as response follow-up by humanitarian agencies is not within the scope of this report. The frequency of response rates from SMS agencies varied, with lower reporting rates recorded over the weekend. In addition, reporting duties were often undertaken by a wide variety of staff within each SMS agency. As the responsibility was often shared or passed between multiple staff members, gaps in reporting occurred. It is important to therefore highlight that the category 1 data and this report may not fully capture all incidents that occurred between May November 218. The definition 6 for Affected populations that was provided through trainings to SMS agencies was All those directly affected by the incident, meaning households and/or individuals who are directly damaged by a specific incident. This, for instance, includes those with damaged shelters, those being relocated or displaced, those injured etc. However, the interpretation of this terminology may have varied between agencies especially with reporting duties being undertaken by a wide variety of Site Management staff, who held various levels of training and experience within the category 1 system. Subsequently, when affected populations are referred to throughout the report, they should be regarded as estimates. For the purpose of the category 1 assessment, the term landslides was defined as the usually rapid downward movement of a mass of rock, earth, or artificial fill on a slope. This definition is quite broad in order to capture information from a wide variety of geological events. In some cases, there may be an overlap or mis-categorisation of incidents. For example, incidents may be identified and reported as a flood but are actually water-logging and vice versa. The continuing impact of a specific incident may not have been reported as a new incident. For example, 82 individuals may be affected by a flood on the 1st day, and 14 individuals on the second day. 6. For the list of definitions used for the assessment, please find here.

5 FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS Bangladesh experiences a monsoon and two distinct cyclone seasons each year. This report will present findings disaggregated per season, as follows: Pre-monsoon/Cyclone season: May Monsoon: June-September Cyclone Season: October-November It is acknowledged that there is some overlap across the time-frames outlined above. For example, pre-monsoon can often last until June and the monsoon season can also extend past October. However, for the purposes of this report and to prevent double counting/reporting, the above framework will be used. REPORT STRUCTURE Overview Analysis The first section of this report summarizes the main finding. It presents an analysis of the data collected across the full reporting period April - November 218). Seasonal analysis The second section of this report presents an analysis of key data dissagregated by season as per the breakdown outlined above in the Framework for Analysis section. The themes covered in these sections include findings on: affected populations, timeline of reported incidents and number of affected individuals, commonly reported incidents and affected individuals, by type of incident. PARTICIPATING AGENCIES ACF CARE ISCG ACTED Christian Aid PUI Action Aid Bangladesh DRC UNHCR ADRA IOM World Vision BRAC

6 CATEGORY 1 INCIDENT ANALYSIS: MAY-NOVEMBER 218 KEY FIGURES 78 Category 1 incidents reported by SMS agencies Key dates: May to November participating SMS agencies This report presents an anlaysis of surveys conducted by SMS agencies between May and November through the Category 1 Incident Assessment and reporting system. Throughout the reporting period, 11 SMS agencies contributed to the process, including ACF, ACTED, Action Aid - Bangladesh, ADRA, BRAC, CARE, Christian Aid, DRC, IOM, PUI and World Vision. The assessment framework was coordinated by the SMSD Sector in support of the ISCG, with technical support from IOM NPM. TIMELINE OF REPORTED INCIDENTS & NUMBER OF AFFECTED INDIVIDUALS The vast majority of incidents were reported in June and July at the peak of the rainy season. # affected individuals 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, ,691 19, June July August September Affected Individuals Number of Incidents # of incidents AFFECTED POPULATION 55,34 individuals were affected 12,292 households were affected COMMONLY REPORTED INCIDENTS The most common reported incidents were landslides 423) and wind-storms 218). Details provided by SMS agencies indicated that most landslides were related to heavy rainfall ,223 individuals were displaced to another location 7 59 individuals were reported injured Landslide Wind-Storm 1 casualty was reported Flood Water-logging 218 Fire 7. Individuals who have had to leave their shelter and stay elsewhere, this includes in the same camp or block. 8. Refers to an occurance of death Other Lightning

7 INCIDENTS BETWEEN 1TH JUNE AND 14TH JUNE 218 A significantly higher number of incidents were reported between the 1th June and 14th June 218. During these 5 days, 2 incidents were reported alone. Over half of these incidents 11) were related to landslides, 66 were the result of wind-storms and the remaining 32 were floods and water logging 16 incidents each). The incidents that were reported between this period were the result of the first heavy rains of the monsoon season. Daily precipitation rates reached the maximum recorded levels during the 1th and 14th of June. In particular, the daily precipitation recorded on the 12th of June 257 mm) was the highest recorded for the entire year Number of incidents between 1th-14th June, Landslide Wind-Storm 12 Flood Water-logging Precipitation in milimeters Daily Precipitation levels /5/218 1/6/218 1/7/218 1/8/218 1/9/218 1/1/218 1/11/218 PRECIPITATION LEVELS AND REPORTED LANDSLIDES When comparing reported incidents of landslides to daily precipitation levels there appears to be a relationship: As indicated in the graph below, higher numbers of reported landslides correspond to higher levels of precipitation. It is important to note that no or few incidents were reported between the 19th 23rd August and 31st October - 1st November when higher levels of precipitation were recorded), which obscures the relationship for that time-interval. Daily Precipitation and reported number of landslides Daily Precipitation /5/218 1/6/218 1/7/218 1/8/218 1/9/218 1/1/218 1/11/ # of reported landslides Daily Precipitation mm) Number of landslides 9. The precipitation analysis outlined above is based on Climate Forecast System Reanalysis CFSR) daily precipitation data Saha, S., et al. 211, updated daily. NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 CFSv2) 6-hourly Products. Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. Accessed Jan 219) obtained from Climate Engine Huntington, J., Hegewisch, K., Daudert, B., Morton, C., Abatzoglou, J., McEvoy, D., and T., Erickson. 217). Climate Engine: Cloud Computing of Climate and Remote Sensing Data for Advanced Natural Resource Monitoring and Process Understanding. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,

8 AFFECTED POPULATION, BY TYPE OF INCIDENT While landslides were the most reported incidents, wind-storms resulted in a far greater impact on affected individuals. As indicated in the table below, through comparing the top reported figures on affected individuals, 2 separate wind-storms reported in May and June had a far greater impact than other incidents. Between the 1th and 11th May a wind-storm affected 6,945 individuals in Camp 13, Camp 1 and in two different locations in camp 8E. In addition, another wind-storm on the 1th June affected 3,63 individuals in Camp 8E and Camp 21. Camp 8E and 13 were particuarly affected and reported the highest impact overall on individuals. Three wind-storm incidents in Camp 8E impacted a total of 5,874 individuals, while 1,95 individuals were affected by the wind-storm incident in camp 13. REPORTED DAMAGE TO INFRASTRUCTURE Across all locations damage to shelters was most commonly reported, followed by latrines. Between May and November, 5,288 shelters were reportedly damaged. In June, 2,37 shelters were reported to be damaged, representing the highest monthly figures overall May June July August September October November Damaged Shelters Damaged waterpoints Damaged Latrines Damaged health facilities Damaged food distribution site DISPLACEMENT LOCATIONS Of the 6,223 individuals who were displaced, the vast majority sought refugee with Rohingya host families. Rohingya host families 73% IMMEDIATE REPSPONSES PROVIDED The top three commonly reported immediate responses from SMS agencies were no response 63%), folllowed by emergency shelter/nfi distributions 22%) and search and rescue 7%). The high percentage of no response is likely indicative of the expectation to submit a category 1 report every day. SMS agencies may not have had time to organise a response before the submission of the report was due. No response Immediate response provided top 3) Community buildings/temporary collective New shelter relocations 12% 2% Emergency shelter/nfi distributions Do not know 1% Search & rescue Bangladeshi host communities In the open space/no shelter 1% 1% % 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7%

9 MAP 1: ALL INCIDENTS REPORTED BETWEEEN 1 MAY AND 3 NOVEMBER 218 Camp 1E Camp 1W Camp 4 Camp 22 Camp 21 Kutupalong RC Camp 23 Camp 2W Camp 3 Camp 2E Camp 4 Ext Camp 6 Camp 5 Camp 7 Camp 25 Camp 17 Camp 8W Camp 8E Camp 2 Ext Camp 25 Camp 2 Camp 1 Camp 18 Camp 9 Camp 24 Camp 19 Camp 11 Nayapara RC Camp 12 Camp 13 Nayapara RC Ukhia Camp 26 Camp 14 Teknaf Incident Type Camp 15 Camp 16 Landslide Wind Storm Flood Water Logging Fire Lightning Other Camp Boundary Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Affected Population Camp 27 NPM Needs and Population Motinoring

10 CATEGORY 1 INCIDENT ANALYSIS: PRE-MONSOON/CYCLONE SEASON: MAY 218 AFFECTED POPULATION: Between the 1 May and 28 May 218, 58 category 1 incidents were reported by SMS agencies. Out of these incidents, the reported impact on the affected population was as follows: COMMONLY REPORTED INCIDENTS The most common reported incidents were landslides 27), wind-storms 28) and fires 3). 3 9,748 individuals were affected 2,43 households were affected Wind-Storm 186 individuals were displaced to another location 16 individuals were reported injured Landslide Fire casualties were reported TIMELINE OF REPORTED INCIDENTS & NUMBER OF AFFECTED INDIVIDUALS As highlighted on the graph below, 22 incidents were reported on 11th May of the incidents on this day were wind-storms while the remaining 6 were landslides. # of affected individuals May 11-May 12-May 13-May 14-May 15-May 16-May 17-May 18-May 19-May 2-May 21-May 22-May 23-May 24-May 25-May 26-May 27-May 28-May # of incidents AFFECTED INDIVIDUALS, BY TYPE OF INCIDENT Four of the wind-storm incidents recorded between the 1th and 11th of May resulted in some of the highest reported impact on affected individuals. Four windstorm incidents alone affected an estimated total of 6,945 individuals in camps 13, 8E, and 1. Affected Individuals Number of Incidents

11 MAP 4: ALL INCIDENTS REPORTED BETWEEEN 1 MAY AND 28 MAY 218 Camp 1E Camp 1W Camp 4 Camp 22 Camp 21 Kutupalong RC Camp 23 Camp 2W Camp 3 Camp 2E Camp 4 Ext Camp 6 Camp 5 Camp 7 Camp 25 Camp 17 Camp 8W Camp 8E Camp 2 Ext Camp 25 Camp 2 Camp 1 Camp 18 Camp 9 Camp 24 Camp 19 Camp 11 Nayapara RC Camp 12 Camp 13 Nayapara RC Ukhia Camp 26 Camp 14 Affected Population Teknaf Camp 15 Incident Type Camp 16 Landslide Wind Storm Fire Camp Boundary Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Camp 27 NPM Needs and Population Motinoring

12 CATEGORY 1 INCIDENT ANALYSIS: MONSOON MONSOON: JUNE - SEPT 218) AFFECTED POPULATION: Between the 1st June and 3 September 218, 591 category 1 incidents were reported by SMS agencies. Out of these incidents, the reported impact on the affected population was as follows: COMMONLY REPORTED INCIDENTS The three most common reported incidents were landslides 31) and windstorms 175) and floods 49). 1 41,949 individuals were affected 9,454 households were affected Landslide Wind-Storm 5,889 individuals were displaced to another location 17 individuals were reported injured Flood Water-logging Fire Lightning casualties were reported TIMELINE OF REPORTED INCIDENTS & NUMBER OF AFFECTED INDIVIDUALS The vast majority of reported incidents occurred in June and July 218. Specifically, during the 1th June and 14th June, 2 incidents were reported alone as the result of the first heavy rains of the monsoon season. In July, 237 incidents were reported while in August, this figure dropped to a total of 39 incidents. # affected individuals 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, ,691 19, June July August September Affected Individuals Number of Incidents # of incidents AFFECTED POPULATION, BY TYPE OF INCIDENT During June-September 218, wind-storms had the greatest impact on the affected population affecting an estimated 3,63 individuals in camps 8E and 21 through 2 incidents alone. As seen in the table below, 3 incidents involving wind-storms and landslides were reported on the 1th June affecting camps 8E, 21, and camp 14. Camp Date of Incident Type of Incident # affected individuals Camp-8E 1-Jun Wind-Storm 2328 Camp-21 1-Jun Wind-Storm 132 Camp Jun Flood 13 Camp-1 4-Jul Flood 1234 Camp-13 9-Jun Wind-Storm 1 Camp-14 1-Jun Landslide 1 Camp-1 25-Jul Landslide 1 Camp Jun Wind-Storm 9 Camp Jul Wind-Storm 864 Camp Jul Landslide 824

13 MAP 4: ALL INCIDENTS REPORTED BETWEEEN 1ST JUNE AND 3 SEPTEMBER 218 Camp 1E Camp 1W Camp 4 Camp 22 Camp 21 Kutupalong RC Camp 23 Camp 2W Camp 3 Camp 2E Camp 4 Ext Camp 6 Camp 5 Camp 7 Camp 25 Camp 17 Camp 8W Camp 8E Camp 2 Ext Camp 25 Camp 2 Camp 1 Camp 18 Camp 9 Camp 24 Camp 19 Camp 11 Nayapara RC Camp 12 Camp 13 Nayapara RC Ukhia Camp 26 Camp 14 Affected Population Incident Type Teknaf Camp 15 Camp 16 Landslide Wind Storm Flood Water Logging Fire Lightning Camp Boundary Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Camp 27 NPM Needs and Population Motinoring

14 CATEGORY 1 INCIDENT ANALYSIS: POST-MONSOON: OCT- NOV 218) AFFECTED POPULATION: Between the 1st October and 3 November 218, 131 category 1 incidents were reported by SMS agencies, indicating a significant decrease from the monsoon period. Out of these incidents, the reported impact on the affected population was as follows: 3,643 individuals were affected 148individuals were displaced to another location 795 households were affected 7 individuals were reported injured COMMONLY REPORTED INCIDENTS The three most reported incidents were landslides 86), wind-storms 15) and fires 15) Landslide Wind-Storm Fire Water-logging Flood Other Lightning casualties were reported TIMELINE OF REPORTED INCIDENTS & NUMBER OF AFFECTED INDIVIDUALS Of the 131 incidents reported during this period, the majority 91) occurred between 8 and 15th October. An estimated 1,959 individuals were affected during this 7 day period. From this point onwards, the incident reporting rate dropped significantly AFFECTED POPULATION, BY TYPE OF INCIDENT During October-November, a combination of wind-storms, landslides and floods impacted the affected population. Camps 7, 1 and 13 reported incidents that Oct 8-Oct 15-Oct 22-Oct 29-Oct 5-Nov 12-Nov 19-Nov 26-Nov Affected Individuals Number of incidents

15 MAP 6: ALL INCIDENTS REPORTED BETWEEEN 1ST OCTOBER AND 3 NOVEMBER 218 Camp 1E Camp 1W Camp 4 Camp 22 Camp 21 Kutupalong RC Camp 23 Camp 2W Camp 3 Camp 2E Camp 4 Ext Camp 6 Camp 5 Camp 7 Camp 25 Camp 17 Camp 8W Camp 8E Camp 2 Ext Camp 25 Camp 2 Camp 1 Camp 18 Camp 9 Camp 24 Camp 19 Camp 11 Nayapara RC Camp 12 Camp 13 Nayapara RC Ukhia Camp 26 Camp 14 Teknaf Incident Type Camp 15 Camp 16 Landslide Wind Storm Flood Water Logging Fire Lightning Other Camp Boundary Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Affected Population Camp 27 NPM Needs and Population Motinoring

16 CONCLUSION This report presents an analysis of 788 surveys conducted by Site Management Support SMS) agencies focal points between May and November 218 through the category 1 Incident assessment and reporting system. Findings from the assessment highlight that the vast majority of incidents were reported in June and July at the peak of the heavy rainy season. Landslides caused by heavy rainfall and wind-storms were the most reported incidents. However, although landslides were more commonly reported, two separate wind-storms in May and June resulted in a far greater impact on affected individuals. Throughout the entire reporting period, damage to shelters was most commonly reported. Findings from the assessment show that the first heavy rains that occurred between the 1th June and 14th June resulted in a big spike in incidents, notably landslides. In this period, daily precipitation rates reached the maximum recorded levels for May- November. Simultaneously, a significantly higher number of incidents were reported: during these 5 days, 2 incidents were reported alone. By comparing reported incidents of landslides to daily precipitation levels there appears to be a relationship: higher numbers of reported landslides correspond to higher levels of precipitation. However, additional in-depth research is required to explore this relationship further. It is acknowledged that for the purpose of the category 1 assessment, the term landslides has been used to encompass a wide variety of geological events. Research that further classifies landslides by magnitude and/or causative factors would allow for more robust analysis and stronger programmatic responses. RECCOMENDATIONS The category 1 incident assessment is a prime example of a successful, collaborative and joint data collection, analysis and dissemination framework. Using a harmonized data collection approach amongst several agencies reduces duplication of data collection activities and ensures complete coverage of all camps in Cox s Bazar district. The data is publicly available and updated/shared daily. It is therefore accessible to all partners, sectors, and government agencies, allowing for rapid referrals where needed. The category 1 incident assessment will once again be used as the common tool to capture incidents in the cyclone and monsoon seasons of 219. After consultations and lessons learned workshops with Area coordination and SMS agencies, the mechanism will be reactivated in April/May 219. Based on the analysis process for this report, the following recommendations are suggested to improve the category 1 incident assessment for 219. As highlighted in the limitations section of this report, the frequency of response rates from SMS agencies varied, with lower reporting rates recorded over the weekend. It will be important to consult with SMS focal points and establish an approach that helps to alleviate some of the reporting burden from SMS focal points. Reporting duties were often undertaken by a wide variety of staff within each SMS agency. As the responsibility was often shared or passed between multiple staff members, gaps in reporting occurred. Moving forward into 219, it will be important that knowledge, understanding of definitions and training of the category 1 incident assessment is shared within relavant SMS agencies, to ensure reporting gaps are avoided. Refinement and review of the tool, including definitions should be considered. This would hopefully produce more comprehensive data.

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