AQA Citizenship Studies Short course: revision Name:

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2 Unit 1 one hour Monday 16 th May PM The Unit 1 written paper is divided into two sections. Section A: You will have ten short-answer questions and one source-based question on Theme 1 of the subject content. 1. What factors make for effective active citizenship? Overview: Issues Content outline Case studies a) Being an active How individuals bring about cha Examples of recent UK citizen in a community based campaigns to bring b) Pressure groups and Campaigning What makes a campaign Successfull? Think about how groups campaign about change. Consider the effect of: Finance Number of supporters Role of the media Type of cause Importance of people involved Methods used You need to know about one historical campaign. c) Political literacy The impact of campaigns How do pressure groups and the media make MPs and councillors represent people properly? d) Democracy Struggles for freedom and rights in the UK Campaign examples eg: suffragettes, levellers, chartists, anti slavery campaigners etc. 2

3 a) Being an active citizen: Can you match the term to the definition? Pressure group NGO Direct action Boycott Civil disobedience Lobbying Refusing to buy something or visit somewhere because you think i wrong. Trying to persuade someone to agree with your point of view. Refusing to follow a law that you disagree with A charity or group which tries to help those who are struggling A single issue group who campaigns to change a single issue Taking action such as attending a demonstration, signing a petition or lobbying someone. b) Pressure groups and campaigning Look at the pressure groups below: Can you identify the single issue group? The multi issue group (campaigns on more than one issue)? The self interest group (group dealing with the needs of its members)? How have people campaigned in the past? Look at the story below and see if you can spot the mistakes that have been made. The Suffragettes wanted the right for women to vote. In 1897 Millicent Fawcett started the National Union of Women's Suffrage. "Suffrage" means the right to vote and that is what women wanted. Millicent Fawcett believed in peaceful protest. She felt that any violence or trouble would persuade men that women could not be trusted to have the right to vote. Her game plan was patience and sensible arguments. Fawcett argued that if women could have responsible jobs in society such as helping to run schools- they should be trusted to vote. 3

4 She argued that if women had to obey the laws that parliament made, then women should be able to help choose the parliament. This group was called the suffragettes. Most men in Parliament believed that women simply would not understand how Parliament worked and therefore could not vote in elections. This left many women angry and in 1903 the Women's Social and Political Union was founded by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters. The Union became better known as the Suffragists. Members were prepared to use violence to get what they wanted. They started off quite peacefully. It was only in 1905 Christabel Pankhurst and Annie Kenney interrupted a political meeting in Manchester to ask two Liberal politicians (Nick Clegg and Sir Edward Grey) if they believed women should have the right to vote. They ended up shouting at the men which shocked people and they were thrown out of the meeting and arrested. Both women refused to pay the fine they were given. They were happy to go to prison to help show people the injustice of the system. More in-direct action followed, they burned down churches because Church of England was against what they wanted; they vandalised Oxford Street, breaking all the windows in this famous street; they chained themselves to Buckingham Palace as the Royal Family were seen to be against women having the right to vote; they hired out boats, sailed up the Thames and shouted abuse through loud hailers at Parliament as it sat; others refused to pay their tax. Politicians were attacked as they went to work. Their homes were fire bombed. Golf courses were vandalised. The Suffragettes were often sent to prison. Here they refused to cook and went on a hunger strike. The government was very concerned that they might die in prison and so prison governors were told to force feed them. This was shocking because forced feeding was traditionally used to feed lunatics. The government of Asquith responded with the Cat and Rat Act. When a Suffragette was sent to prison, she would go on hunger strike. The Cat and Rat Act let them get weaker and weaker. Force feeding was not used. When the Suffragettes were very weak...they were let out of prison. If they died out of prison, the government didn t mind. If they did not die, they were so weak that they couldn t take part in violent struggles. When they got their strength back, they were re-arrested and the whole process started again. One of the most famous Suffragettes was Emily Wilding Davison who threw herself under the King's horse at the June 1913 Derby. The horse died as a result. When World War II started in August 1914, the campaigning stopped to help the government and its war effort. The work done by women in the First World War was vital for Britain's war effort. In 1978, the Representation of the People Act was passed by Parliament giving them the vote at last. 4

5 c) Political literacy A free press means that stories can be printed or broadcast without government permission. In some countries this is not the case. Any media outlet has to let the government see an article before it can be published and if the advisors don t like it, they censor it. Censorship means it is blocked out and can t be seen. This cartoon was censored because it was critical of the government. News paper from Fiji. Why is a free press important? What political stories have been revealed by the press? Example: The Leveson Inquiry. Which of these statements about the Leveson Inquiry are true? It is an inquiry into what the British press does and how it is run. It was set up by Gordon Brown prior to the 2010 election. The government is in charge of the inquiry. The Inquiry is named after Lord Justice Leveson who is acting as the Chairman. Several famous people have given evidence to explain how the press has affected them. The Guardian newspaper raised the alarm over the phone hacking scandal. The main aim of the inquiry is to award compensation to people. Four parts to the inquiry are the press and the public, the press and the police, the press and politicians and making suggestions for the 5 future. The inquiry was started members of the press had been hacking people s phones.

6 Lots of guidelines influence the behaviour of the press. 1. The Code of Practice Look at the guidelines below Information should be accurate and not misleading It must be recognised that everyone is entitles to respect for his or her private and family life. Journalists must not intimidate, harass or pursue. In cases involving personal grief or shock, the press should act with sympathy and publication must be handled sensitively. Young people should be free to complete their time at school without unnecessary press harassing them. A child under 16 must not be interviewed or photographed about their own or another child s welfare without a parents or responsible adult s consent. Pupils must not be approached or photographed at school without the permission of the school. The press must not identify children under 16 who are victims or witnesses in cases involving sex offences. Exceptions are when the matter is seen to be in the public interest. This means it affects a lot of people, NOT just something that people are just interested in. Do the press follow these guidelines? Watch the video clips from the Leveson Inquiry and decide whether the press have followed the guidelines or not. 2. The Press Complaints Commission This body deals with complaints from the public about what is in newspapers and magazines. All of them are investigated using the Code of Practice. 3. The Office of Communications (Ofcom) Ofcom deals with TV and radio, fixed line telecoms, mobiles and postal services. They work to protect people against scams. It also tries to encourage competition between different companies. Unscramble these words: MOFCO SOELEVEN SORNEC IORAD WESNEPARP TENNITRE 6

7 2. Who can make a difference? Overview: Issues Content outline Case studies a) Who has power in the UK Taking part in democratic processes to influence decisions nationally and locally b) Local Government How power is exercised in communities What is the relationship between different layers of government? Who has the power? How does local government link with community groups and with central government? c) Trade Unions What are trade unions What are the impact and consequences of individual and collective actions on communities eg: strikes, walkouts, boycotts, petitions, use of media etc? Use miner s strike as example d) Community groups What are community groups? Give local examples. How can community involvement help to create better and healthier cities? You need to be able to consider the work of voluntary groups, community groups and charities. e) The media Media influence How effective are the local and national media at influencing opinion? a) Who has the power in the UK? (i) How can people influence things? Join a school governing body - Elected by parents to represent them - Elected to represent teachers and other staff - Appointed by the Local Authority As a local councillor - Elected by the local population - Some people work for the council as permanent officers. They are not members of political parties. As a MSP or Northern Ireland representative or Member of the Welsh Assembly. - Elected by people in these areas. As an MP - Elected by the population of a constituency to represent them in parliament in London 7

8 School Governing body Local council Regional assemblies in Wales and Northern Ireland Scottish parliament National Parliament AQA Citizenship Studies Short course: revision 2016 (ii) Decide who would do each of the tasks listed below. Tasks Collecting refuse Appointing a Head teacher Setting the level of Value Added Tax (VAT) Deciding on the amount of money spent on health or education Deciding on whether to go to war Providing care for the elderly Managing a school budget Building a new library. Planning a new motorway b) Local government: There are many different sorts of councils in the UK. Big cities have unitary authorities that can be called Metropolitan District Councils, Borough Councils or City Councils. Some cities also have a mayor to represent their interests. Other areas have County Councils and District Councils. In Nottinghamshire the County Council is responsible for things like schools, social services and rubbish disposal, while local councils like Gedling Borough Council look after council housing, gyms and leisure facilities, recycling and rubbish collection. Often councils work with voluntary organisations to help provide services. How do the different areas of government link together with voluntary groups? Consider one group: Children s services. How could each of these groups contribute here? Local school Local council Voluntary groups The media Charities Central Government 8

9 c) Central Government in London. Today the UK is governed from Westminster in the Houses of Parliament. Note: Parliament is the structure of the Houses of Commons, the Houses of Lords and the Monarch, while Government is the group of people (MP s and Lords) who run the country. Parliament checks that government is doing its job properly. In the UK today; Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales have their own devolved government. This means that they are allowed to decide some matters of law for themselves and not have them imposed by Westminster. As a result people in Scotland don t have to pay student fees and in Wales prescriptions are free to all. Some people think that this is unfair and that England should also have its own parliament or assembly. Making Laws: Laws are made in three different ways: (i) Parliament: Governments make laws to put their policies into practise. They are called Acts of Parliament or Statutes. Occasionally independent MP s may propose a new law this is called a Private Members Bill. They rarely become law because there is so little time allocated to them.when a Bill passes through Parliament it goes through several stages. Can you put these stages into the right order? Report stage and third reading the bill moves to the whole house where the committee reports on the changes it has made First reading the bill is introduced. The title is read and a date fixed for the second reading Royal Assent The bill goes to the Queen (or King) to be signed. In practice a formality. It is now an Act of Parliament. Committee stage A small group of MPs or members of the House of Lords look at the detail of the Bill. They might make recommendations. Second Reading A debate on the principles of the Bill. House of Lords the Bill is discussed and examined. Any changes the Lords want to make are sent back to the Commons 9

10 Which of these statements is true and which are untrue? 1: The Lords can prevent a Bill becoming law? 2: Everyone in the House of Lords is elected? 3: Bills can take years to become law? 4: Public pressure can lead to law being made? 5: A Green Paper sets out the main ideas for a Bill. It is printed on green paper? 6: A White Paper is the same as the Green Paper but printed on white paper? (ii) By Judges in Court: This is law made in court by judges who seek to find the fairest solution to a situation. The decisions they make are written down and over the years have been built up to form a detailed record of what is called Common Law. (iii) Europe: After the horrors of the Second World War people wanted to make sure that nothing like it would happen again. They decided that the countries of Europe needed to work more closely together and to help they set up The European Union and the Council of Europe in The UK joined in Each country that joins the EU agrees that the EU law will become part of its own national law. This law affects employment, transport, agriculture, environment and trade. The Council of Europe is a different organisation. It is concerned with Human Rights and International understanding. One of its most successful achievements has been the European Convention of Human Rights. Britain signed the Convention in 1951 and agreed that everyone in this country should enjoy the same rights and freedoms as those set out in the Convention. It took until 2000 for this to become part of UK law through the Human Rights Act. Previously governments had worried that it would interfere with Parliaments right to decide the law. Even though the law requires governments to follow the convention, they can act independently when there are extreme situations eg: the UK has taken up this option to deport people it feels are a terrorist threat. 10

11 As a result of this law, anyone who feels that their rights have been denied can take their case to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg France. The court can award damages and require the country concerned to change its law. This has happened several times to Britain an example was causing schools to ban corporal punishment. Which of these do you think are rights under the European Convention on Human Rights? Right to have children Prohibition of torture Right to a fair trial Right to a free election Right to health care Prohibition of discrimination Voting to choose our government: Our government is chosen by elections once every five years. At an election we vote for someone to represent us in the House of Commons. These people are called Members of Parliament or MPs. They represent about 100,000 people in their constituencies. Each person in a constituency has a number of people to vote for; usually Conservative, Labour, Lib Dem and others.the candidate with the most votes is elected to serve that constituency. How do we vote? Why do you think people in UK elections vote in secrecy? 11

12 Choosing a government: In the UK we have a First Past the Post system of electing our representatives. This means that the country is divided up into constituencies. These are the constituencies in Nottinghamshire: Key 1.Bassetlaw 2.Mansfield 3.Sherwood 4.Newark 5.Ashfield 7.North Nottingham 8.Nottingham East 9.Gedling 10.Erewash 11.Nottingham South Why are some smaller than others? Enforcing the Law: The law is described as CIVIL or CRIMINAL. Civil Law affects disputes between individuals or groups. Criminal Law means that the behaviour is accepted as wrong, damaging to the individuals or to society. Criminal law involves the police. Colour code the following to show if they are about Civil or Criminal Law: Heard in the High Court or the County Court. Heard in the Magistrates Court or the Crown court The Judge decides whether the case is proved or not. The magistrates or a jury decide if a case is proved or not. Cases must be proved beyond all reasonable doubt Cases are proved on the balance of probabilities The defendant is found liable or not liable The defendant is found guilty or not guilty 12 If guilty you would pay compensation.

13 d) Trade Unions: Can you match the trade union to the right industry? NAS UWT Unison NUM Unite Public service sector People who work in transport Teaching Coal Mining What can a trade union do for you? Choose the correct answers from the list below: Negotiate on your behalf to improve pay and conditions. Talk to the management of a business for you if have been unfairly treated. Prevent you from getting the sack. Stop an employer from shortening your lunch time. Arrange industrial action such as a sit in, boycott or strike if they cannot negotiate a settlement. Taking industrial action is expensive and difficult. Most unions try to avoid it. If they decide to take action there are steps they must take to stay within the law. 1. Hold a ballot of members and get a majority to agree. 2. Appoint a scrutineer to make sure that the ballot is carried out properly if in a large business (over 50 employees) 3. Warn the employer. Disputes may be avoided by taking the problem to ACAS. What do the letters stand for? Research A C A S 13

14 Complete the Key Word puzzle below: : What is the advisory, conciliation and advisory service better known as? 2: Ballots to arrange a strike or other action must be carried out in..? 3: When workers stop working for a given period of time. 4: When workers leave their job without warning. 5: When workers are asked if they want to take industrial action. 6: Arthur Scargill was in charge of which group of workers? 7: Unions can also help by running courses and providing what to help members improve their skills? 8: A strike carried out when the union follows the rules is within the law and so is considered..? 9: People in a union are called? 10: Members of a union limit the work they do it is called a work to what? The shaded word describes a person who monitors a ballot in businesses of over 50 people to make sure it is carried out properly. Key word: 14

15 Miners Strike: Who? What? Where? When? Why? What was the effect on communities? e) The Media How effective are the media at influencing opinion? How might each of these stories influence people? Pensioner attacked in broad daylight! Asylum seekers barbeque swans!! Read the article below: We may laugh at the idiots who light their heads on fire because Beavis and Butt-head did it but all of us are influenced in one way or another. How many people know how to dance gangnam style? After a popular Budweiser campaign, people began greeting their pals, "Whassupp! When Delia Smith used cranberries in a recipe Sainsburies sold out in a day. When Kate Middleton was on TV announcing her engagement her dress sold out on line in seven minutes! 15

16 It's the same thing with films; people bought Ray-Bans because Tom Cruise wore them. Does violence in the media influence the real world? Of course it does. Cop shows and crime reports make us scared of other people, of going out at night, of helping out strangers. That is perhaps its main effect. But there should be no doubt that watching violence can also lead to violence. That doesn t mean that it will affect everyone all the time but it can affect some people badly. Whether someone's violent tendencies originated with an abusive parent or with Mad World; the fact remains that a steady diet of media blood and guts isn't good for some people, some of the time. So how does the media influence us? 3. How and why are Citizenship issues relevant in the workplace? Issues Content outline Case studies a) Rights and responsibilities Legal rights and responsibilities of employers and employees b) Equal opportunities c) Health and safety Law regarding discrimination: equal pay, equal opportunities policies (eg: age, disability, race, religion, gender and sexuality), consumer rights. How should health and safety be managed in the workplace consider rights and responsibilities. Law relating to discrimination: Equality Act Health and Safety at Work Act. How does this apply at CLW? d) Sustainability How does CLW respond to sustainability issues? a) Rights and responsibilities i) Watch the video clip and explain what rights are being abused here? Guantanamo Bay detention camphttp:// &mid=37e516908ec95d9815d837e516908ec95d9815d8&form=vrdgar ii) What were the consequences? 16

17 iii) Which of the following rights do employees have and which are wishful thinking? Not to be discriminated against on the grounds of race, gender, religion, sexual orientation or disability. To be given bonuses if you work hard. To be given holiday pay. To be given a contract of employment. To be allowed to join a union. To have a job description. To be able to change role in the company if you wish. To be told about disciplinary procedures. To be allowed to bring your dog to work if it is well behaved. To work in a safe environment and to receive appropriate health and safety training. b) Equal opportunities The Equality Act 2010 made it illegal to discriminate against a person on the grounds of race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, beliefs, age or disability. Which of the following are direct and which are indirect discrimination? 1. In several EU Member States, car rental companies refuse to rent a car to drivers above a certain age, usually the age of 70. These car rental companies argue that this is due to the age limits imposed by insurance companies. 17

18 2. You are moved to a lower paying job out of the public view once you tell your employer you are pregnant. 3. In the UK, only the group aged 50 to 70 receives reminders for breast cancer screening. 4. You apply for a job as a receptionist and are told over the phone that there is no point applying for a job because you are a man and they want a woman. 5. An employer has a policy of not letting people work part time. 6. A minimum height is applied to a job requirement without reason. 7. All applicants must have at least 10 years experience in a job. 8. You are told that there is no point going for promotion because you will be retiring soon and your employer wants someone who will be there for a while. Who could help you if you think you are being discriminated against? Trade Union Police Fire service EHRC c) Health and Safety i) What do the letters HSE stand for? ii) These are the responsibilities of the HSE: Carrying out research and gathering information. Offering advice. Promoting training. Promoting new or revised regulations when needed. Inspecting. 18

19 Enforcing rules. Which do you think is most important? Look at the cartoon you have been shown how many hazards can you spot? Try to have a look at the Health and Safety Executive website. d) Sustainability. All businesses have a responsibility to try to reduce waste. At CLW we have a waste management plan which includes: Recycling all waste Fitting low energy bulbs in lights Fitting automatic switch off to lighting where possible Computers power down on their own at 4.30pm Heating controls are being improved to make sure that we can zone the heating. Transferring some of our information to digital form only no hard copies produced unless requested. Composting food waste where possible. What else could we do? 19

20 e) Consumer Rights. Every time we buy or sell goods or a service, we enter into a contract. This is a legal agreement. Often in this case the contract is not written down but still exists in law. Several laws affect Consumer rights: 1: The Sale of Goods Act 1979 This states that goods sold must be: (a) of satisfactory quality (b) fit for their purpose (c) as described. 2: The Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 This states that a service must be provided (a) with reasonable care and skill (b) within a reasonable time (c) at a reasonable cost, if no price has been agreed in advance. 3: Consumer Credit Act 1984 If there s a fault with something bought using a credit card, the customer may well be able to claim from the credit company as well as the firm from who the goods were bought. This only applies to goods costing over : Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 The wording of a customers contract must be fair. 5: Trade Descriptions Act 1968 It is a criminal offence to make misleading claims about something that is being sold. 6: Consumer Safely Act 1987 It is a criminal offence to sell something that is not safe. This applies to new or second hand goods. 20

21 When things go wrong? Action. Why? True or false? Take faulty goods back to the place where they were bought. Your contract is with place of purchase The management of a business Go to see the manager of the company Go to the Citizens Advice Bureau are responsible for training their staff and making sure they act appropriately They will come to see you at home. Take out a claim under the Small Claims Procedure See a solicitor Go to the Trading Standards Department Go to the police Will settle cases up to the value of 50,000 They might work for free if they believe in your case. Will prosecute if a criminal offence has been committed They will take a trader to court to reclaim your money 21

22 Section B: There is a choice three questions available, one on each theme. Question 3: Being a Citizen in the UK Immigration in Britain Question 4: Fairness and Justice Human rights in the UK These questions ask you to evaluate sources provided and to offer information from your own knowledge. In all cases you need to remember to look carefully at the action word in the question what are you asked to do? Describe: State facts about the issue Explain: Say why something is so. Use the PEE strategy State a fact to make a POINT Offer information from your own knowledge or from the sources provided as EVIDENCE EXPLAIN how it is relevant to the question. Remember 1 piece of evidence is a sound answer, 2 pieces are good, 3 are fantastic! List: Make sure you include enough ideas in your list. Check the number of marks available Compare: Look at two sides of a situation and make sure you look for what is different about the two and similar about the two. 22

23 Question 3. Immigration Romans, Saxons, Angles, Danes and Normans were all early invaders to Britain and many of us can trace our ancestry back to those people. Since then people escaping persecution elsewhere in the world have also come here. These people include European Jewish people during the many periods of anti Semitic persecution in Russia and Germany. More recently people have come to live in Britain from other European countries and elsewhere in the world for economic reasons, to work. People have also come here escaping wars, for example, those who left Iraq and Afghanistan or natural disasters in the case of those who were resettled here from Montserrat following a volcanic eruption which destroyed half of their island. So, in Britain today we have people from many different cultures and ethnic backgrounds. There were more than 4 million non-white Britons in 2001 and many more migrants from Europe. Most recently immigration has been from Eastern Europe. Look at this list of countries. Which five countries do you think send the most migrants to the UK? Poland Ireland Italy China Pakistan Canada Germany India Australia USA Most migrants live in cities, especially London. In the capital s schools more than 300 languages are spoken. Some migrant groups prefer to live in segregated groups especially in the northern towns of Burnley, Rochdale and Blackburn. In Rochdale, 96% of the Pakistani community and 89% of Bangladeshis live in the five inner wards. In contrast the 149,000 Chinese British people are relatively evenly spread out across the UK. Why might migrants want to live in a community of their own? 23

24 Write your own definition of a migrant How is migration different from tourism? Watch the film and record the reasons given by each person to explain why they decided to come to the UK. Use the table on the next page to record your answers. 24

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26 Key terms: 1. Would you leave home if... Card based activity. 2. Match the meaning to the correct term Persecution Asylum seeker Someone who has left their home country, applied for recognition as a refugee in another country and is waiting for a decision. A person who has left their home country because they are afraid of being persecuted. Refugee When someone is treated badly because of who they are. It could be because of their race, religion, nationality or because they belong to a particualr social group or have a particular political opinion. 3. Read the poem below by Wondimu Mekonnen I am an asylum seeker, On the run from bondage; Unwelcome trouble maker, Undesirable package. In the homeland a rebellion, In the host-land a nuisance; Gone down to my oblivion, Hanging out in suspense. I am an illegal entity, Nobody cares to know; Stripped of liberty, Pushed aside taboo low; Wasted talent lost wisdom, Barred by an invisible wall, Restricted freedom Dehumanised soul In an asylum seeker s Ghetto, Facing up the reality, Surviving incognito; Concealing my identity. Quiz 1. What s the main difference between an asylum seeker and a refugee? a. An asylum seeker is illegal, whereas a refugee has legal status. b. An asylum seeker is someone who applies for asylum in western countries, whereas a refugee is someone who applies for asylum in developing countries. c. An asylum seeker is someone who has applied for asylum and is waiting for a decision, whereas a refugee is someone whose application for asylum has been successful. d. An asylum seeker is someone who does not have a genuine claim for asylum whereas a refugee is someone who has a genuine claim for asylum. 2. What is an illegal refugee? a. Someone who entered the country illegally and then claimed asylum. b. Someone who has refugee status but is illegally resident in the UK. c. Someone who has made a bogus claim for asylum. d. there is no such thing as an illegal refugee. Continues overleaf 26

27 3. On the slide, there is an extract from a British newspaper article. Which group of immigrants is the article talking about and in Which year was the article published? For a bonus point, can you also tell us which newspaper the extract is from? You can use either quote one or quote two. Quote 1: In Britain, half a million find their home. They are never persecuted and in many respects they are given favoured treatment here. But now... they are overrunning the country. Quote 2: The way are pouring in from every port of this country is becoming an outrage. 4. What percentage of the world s refugees and asylum seekers live in the UK? a. 49% b. 27% c. 14% d. 3% 5. In 2007, which European country received the highest number of asylum applications? a. Germany b. Sweden c. France d. UK 6. How many people claimed asylum in the UK in 2007? a. About 74,000 b. About 48,000 c. About 36,000 d. About 25, In the UK, does an asylum seeking family receive the same amount of state benefits as a British family with the same needs? a. Yes, they receive exactly the same as British citizens on benefits b. No, they receive more benefits than British citizens on benefits c. No, they receive no financial support at all d. No, they receive basic support but less than British citizens on benefits ( a week ) 9. Where do the asylum seekers come from? a. Iran b. Pakistan c. Sri Lanka d. Afghanistan 27

28 4. Which of the following is a positive benefit of migration and which is a disadvantage? More people to work. Conflict between host population and migrant population. Pressure on services and housing New skills brought to the workforce. Additions to the culture; food, music, language etc. Wages get lower because migrants are willing to work for less. What do people face on their journeys to the UK? > Where are the main groups of people from? > What do they face on their journeys? > What do they face in their new country? > What positive things do people express about their journeys or their arrival in their destination? How is migration portrayed in the media? > Where do our opinions, or the opinions of people around us, about migration come from? > Is what we read in the media always true? Why or why not? > How can we make sure we get more accurate information? Positive images: > Where do you think some of the negative opinions at the beginning of the film may have come from? > How do the people in the second part of the film reply to these statements? > What positive ways do people say that they have contributed to their new communities? > How do you feel about the issues raised in the film? Different opinions. People have very different opinions about migration. Some regard it as a fact of life and think that migrants are of benefit to the country. Others think that migration should be tightly monitored and limited. Can you decide what these people think? 28

29 It s a good idea to recruit more doctors and nurses from abroad to cope with our needs It is wrong to claim child benefit here for children living abroad where it is cheaper to live. If people are being tortured or hurt in their own country, that s different and they should be allowed in. They only want state benefits and housing. They take our jobs too! I live in a really mixed area in London and most people where I live are in favour of migration. We all get on well. Migrants are more likely to be young and healthy and so tend to use the NHS much less on average. Most migrants aren t entitled to state benefits, they have to work hard. Often doing the jobs English people don t want to do Taking skilled workers from other countries can leave them with too few for themselves. There are too many migrants but the people who live near me are okay my neighbours come from Poland. If you are a refugee, you aren t allowed to work anyway! That s stupid. Migrants pay more in tax than they claim in benefits. Migrants from the EU pay about 30% more in than they cost. Integration or Multiculturalism: becoming British Recently David Cameron and others have said that they think Multiculturalism is a failure and that we need to get to make sure that all people in the UK have a common sense of 29

30 what it means to be British. We should all speak English and all agree with the law of the land for example. Citizenship tests help to ensure that anyone wanting to become British learns about what that means. Would you pass? 1. Which landmark is a prehistoric monument which stands in the English county of Wiltshire? a) Stonehenge b) Hadrians Wall c) Offas Dyke d) Fountains Abbey 2. What is the name of the admiral who died in a sea battle in 1805 and has a monument in Trafalgar Square London? a) Cook b) Drake c) Nelson d) Raleigh 3. In 1801, a new version of the official flag of the United Kingdom was created. What is it often called? a) The British standard b) The Royal Banner c) The St George Cross d) The Union Jack 4. Who is the Patron Saint of Scotland? a) St Andrew b) St David c) St George d) St Patrick 5. What flower is traditionally worn by people on Remembrance Day? a) Poppy b) Lily c) Daffodil d) Iris 6. Which of these sporting events was hosted in London in 2012 a) The Commonwealth Games b) The Cricket World Cup c) The European Football Championship d) The Paralympic Games 7. At her jubilee in 2012, how many years as queen did Queen Elizabeth II celebrate? a) 25 b) 40 30

31 c) 50 d) The second largest party in the House of Commons is usually known by what name? a) The Senate b) The Opposition c) The Lords d) The Other Side 9. At what age can you be asked to serve on a jury? a) 16 b) 18 c) 21 d) What title is given to the person who chairs debates in the House of Commons? a) The Chairman b) The Speaker c) The Leader of the House d) The Prime Minister How many people come to the UK and how many leave? About 593,000 more people came to the UK in At the same time 343,000 left to go elsewhere. So overall, the population rose by 250,000. The government has pledged to bring that down to tens of thousands. 31

32 Factors affecting integration A large number of migrants from different countries arrive in Nottingham. They are highly skilled and speak English. What is the likely effect in the short term and in the longer term? A large number of migrants from one country arrive in Nottingham. They are poorly educated and don t speak much English. What is the likely effect in the short term and in the longer term? How much help they will need Language and the need for interpreters Type and location of housing Employment opportunities Education for children Health care Contact and integration with the host population 32

33 Changes to benefits proposed: The government wants to stop "benefit tourism". They are looking to limit access to benefits, health care and housing before Romanians and Bulgarians get the right to come here in They have said they have to act because of "widespread public concern". The PM's spokesman said there was concern about the pressure created by migrants on local services, housing and the health service. It may be that the government is drawing up measures designed to bring the UK into line with other European member states. These measures would urge councils to use new powers to give priority for council house to those with local connections - whether born, educated or with relatives in their area - which could make it harder for outsiders to get housing. Ministers are also looking at the possibility of linking some welfare benefits to contributions, which would have the effect of excluding new arrivals from eligibility. In Germany, for example, claimants must show that they have lived, worked and paid tax in Germany before they can claim assistance. 33

34 Question 4 Human Rights in the UK 1. Answer these questions: a) How many Human Rights are there according to the United Nations? b) Who abolished slavery in Babylon? c) What other rights did he give people? d) What did the Romans call Human Rights? e) In 1215 King John signed a document to say that no one could overturn the rights of people, not even a king. What was the document called? f) What group was formed after WWII? g) Eleanor Roosevelt supervised the production of a document in 1948, what was it called? h) How are Human rights restricted or limited today? i) What problem does the UN have in making countries follow the declaration? 34

35 2. How did we get our rights in the UK? Match the Bill to the rights we gained. Magna Carta 1215 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights European Convention on Human Rights 1953 Human Rights Act 1998 The Equality Act 2010 With the aim of promoting democracy and protecting human rights and laws across Europe, today there are 47 countries involved. Unified all the anti discrimination laws in the UK to protect the rights of people. The right to a fair trial, not to be imprisoned unfairly and not to be taxed unfairly. The right for all people to have equality of opportunity (where reasonable), regardless of gender, age, race, disability, sexual orientation, religion or political belief. An agreement between countries of the world about what should be the human rights available to all people. 3. What are the most important rights? - Look at the UNDHR over the page and highlight the five most important rights in your opinion. - Which do you think will be the hardest to enforce? - Why? 35

36 18. Everyone has the r ight t o AQA Citizenship Studies Short course: revision 2016 United Nations Declaration of Human Rights 1948 summary. 1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights 2. Everyone is entitles to all the rights and freedoms listed in the Declaration regardless of race, colour, sex, religion. 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security 4. No one shall be held in slavery 5. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 6. Everyone has the right to recognition before the law 7. Everyone is equal before the law 8. Everyone can use the law. 9. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest detention or exile 10. Everyone is entitled to a fair hearing 11. Everyone is innocent until proved guilty 12. No one should suffer arbitrary interference 13. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement 14. Everyone has the right to seek asylum 15. Everyone has the right to nationality 16. Men and women have an equal right to marry and have a family. 17. Every one has the right to own property. 19. Everyone has the r ight t o 20. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought 21. Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression 22. Everyone has the right to freedom of assembly and association 23. Everyone has the right to take part in government 24. Everyone has the right to full security in society 25. Everyone has the right to work 26. Everyone has the right to rest and leisure 27. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for health and well being 28. Everyone has the right to education 29. Everyone has the right to participate freely in the cultural life of the community 30. Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which these rights and freedom can be fully realised 31. Everyone has duties to the community and a duty to respect the rights and freedoms of others. 36

37 The United Nations. The UN Human Rights Council is part of the UN system. Its aim is to address human rights violations. It has 47 representatives from around the world. Children are given special protection. UN representatives must consider children s rights when they report their findings e.g. experts on education, torture, executions, violence against women, freedom of religion or belief and contemporary forms of racism and intolerance; on human rights and on extreme poverty. Why do you think children are given such extra protection? (United Nations Children s Fund) is a part of the UN which works to protect and champion children s rights. It is guided by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. This sets out the rights of all children to be free from exploitation violence and abuse. It works in 190 countries world wide to help all children reach their potential. UNICEF s work: 1. Helping governments to build schools, train teachers and provide textbooks. 2. Support families and communities to care for children and protect them from abuse, fulfilling their right to a childhood. 3. Helping governments to build an dequip health systems, train health workers and provide food and clean water. 4. Distributes vaccines. 5. Making sure that children s voices are heard whenever decisions that affect them are made. 6. Launched Unite against AIDs to help children affected by HIV/AIDs Watch the UNICEF videos and explain what problems children face in Syria and Albania. How is UNICEF helping them? 37

38 The EU: The European Convention on Human Rights 1953 set out initial aims to ensure that Human Rights were protected in many of the countries of Europe. Watch the video and see how many rights you can spot! 38

39 The Charter of Fundamental Rights 2000, sets out the whole range of civil, political and economic rights of all European citizens and all people who live in the EU. It was signed in Nice in December It is based on the Convention on the Human Rights, the Council of Europe s Social Charter and the Community Charter of Fundamental Social Rights of Workers and brings all their aims together in one document. The Charter of Fundamental Rights has 6 categories: Dignity Freedoms Equality Solidarity Citizens Rights Justice Fit the rights listed below into the appropriate category. 1. The right to life, the prevention of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment. 2. The right to a fair trial, to be presumed innocent and the right to a defence, the right not to be tried or punished twice for the same criminal offence. 3. The right to liberty and security, to respect for private and family life, to the protection of personal data, the freedom to express yourself and of information. 4. The right to vote and stand in elections, the right to sign a petition, the freedom of movement and residence (where you live). 5. The same treatment by the law, the protection from discrimination and the integration of people with disabilities. 6. The rights of workers to belong to a trade union, to be protected from unfair dismissal, to have fair and just working conditions. The European Union also has a trade pact with 79 countries in Africa, the Caribbean and elsewhere. If these countries don t respect Human Rights, the EU stops trade with them and cancels any aid that they may have been promised. As an example, the EU has sanctions on trade with Zimbabwe and Burma over human rights abuses. 39

40 And now in the UK The Human Rights Act This act became law on 2 nd October It did three things: 1. It made it unlawful for a public authority, for example, the police, to breach the rights of the ECHR, unless an Act of the UK Parliament overruled them. 2. Made it possible for breaches of the ECHR to be dealt with in UK courts without having to go the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. 3. Made a consideration of UK citizen s human rights a central part of British law. This is called a higher law which means that other laws must fit in with it. Complete the task below: and 2. All humans are declared to be and _ in article one of the UDHR 3. You should not be declared this without a fair trial. 4. The location of the European Court of Human Rights 5. No-one can be held in this manner as stated in article 4 of the UDHR 6. We all have these according to the UDHR and the ECHR. 7. The Magna _ gave us our first rights in the UK. 8. Anyone has the right to seek this if they feel unsafe in their own country. Who can spot the hidden key word in this puzzle? 40

41 Infringing human rights: Task 1: Find an example where human rights have been violated- describe it. What does the Human Rights Act say? Freedom or protection: In the UK laws have been passed with the aim of preventing terrorism. However these laws also limit our freedom and civil liberties. The government has made these changes: A person can be held in prison without charge for 28 days (previously 14). There is a new crime called Hate Crimes which affect a person s freedom of speech. Our right to protest has also been limited (no-one can protest within 100 metres of the House of Commons for example). Where would you put the balance? When should we say Enough! Human Rights around the world. There are many countries around the world where human rights are less carefully protected. Several pressure groups and Non-governmental organisations work to protect those who are not able to protect themselves. 41

42 Amnesty International, Liberty, Human Rights Watch, Anti-slavery international, Equality Now and many, many more! Amnesty International 1. Why was Amnesty founded? 2. What does it hope to achieve? 3. How does it help? 42