FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA

Transcription

1 FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA This Annual Report is intended for reporting on the Federation's Annual Appeals only. Appeal No /2000 Appeal Target: CHF 48,087,000 The Context May, was a turbulent year for the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) with the country starting the year still reeling from the conflict with NATO at the end of 1999, and culminating in political revolution with the Democratic Opposition of Serbia ousting president Slobodan Milosevic in October. The year was yet another chapter in a decade of conflict, international isolation, sanctions and the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia. Now that the conflict is over the population is left to recover from long lasting trauma for many inhabitants and severe socio-economic hardships on the most vulnerable host communities. As a result of the conflict, around 340,000 refugees fled Croatia and around 250,000 fled Bosnia and Herzegovina to FRY. Out of this number, to date, some 100,000 refugees found work and a home but the overwhelming majority, estimated at 500,000 refugees, still remain in FRY without a long-term solution and diminishing hope of returning to their homes. As a consequence of the 1999 Kosovo crisis, some 240,000 people fled their homes in the province, seeking protection and assistance in other parts of FRY becoming therefore internally displaced persons (IDPs). Red Cross and UN vulnerability assessments carried out in the spring and summer of 2000 confirmed the continued adverse effects of the poor economic situation to the extent that almost one tenth of the local population (one million) live below the poverty line, resulting into almost 500,000 of them depending on humanitarian assistance under the different social case categories. The ousting of the Milosevic regime at the end of the year led to a surge in optimism that the fortunes of the country would rapidly be resolved. By the end of the year, however, the situation for the majority of people remained unchanged and is likely to remain so in the years to come. While the international community lifted many sanctions, and indicated it will lift all those remaining, the new political regime inherited an economic disaster. It is addressing the economy through urgently required reform, tight budgets and the removal of subsidies to basic commodities. By the end of 2000, the public began to feel the effects as the price of electricity, fuel, and gas doubled, oil almost trebled, and sugar quadrupled. These measures may lead to longer term economic stability but in the short-term rocketed the cost of the consumer basket to three times the average salary, and eight times the pension for the country s 1.5 million elderly people.

2 2 Due to adverse weather conditions, fuel and fertilizser shortages, and a consistently deteriorating agricultural sector, almost all crop outputs were severely reduced this year. For example, maize production was down to 40 per cent and the wheat crop was the lowest in 10 years. Many farmers were forced to slaughter herds that they could not afford to feed. Power shortages were very common due to massive debts accumulated over the previous years and 30 per cent reduced capacity, destroyed in NATO air attacks. Objectives, Achievements and Constraints Disaster Response Objectives: Support of the Yugoslav Red Cross (YRC) in providing basic humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable in FR Yugoslavia through the provision and distribution of food, hygiene supplies and other basic goods, in co-operation and co-ordination with the International Federation and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). The priority remains the most vulnerable sections of the estimated 700,000 refugees and IDPs in Serbia and Montenegro and, where necessary, the poorest sections of the ordinary population. Achievements and Constraints Vulnerability Assessment In the early part of the year the YRC, ICRC and Federation commissioned an extremely thorough survey of the living conditions and situation of IDPs and refugees in FRY. The survey interviewed 1,203 refugees, 797 IDPs and a comparative control group of 473 socially vulnerable people. The results confirm the miserable conditions and great frustration of affected populations whose main concerns are with their terrible housing and the almost total lack of employment opportunities to improve their situation. They are also distressed about their poor status in their communities, poor nutrition and health care. Ninety per cent of this population do not have permanent accommodation. Almost everybody moved once, more than 60 per cent moved twice and almost 40 per cent moved three times. The situation is becoming worse as people spend the last of their savings and sell their remaining possessions. Up to 42 per cent of the relief and IDP population are still housed in collective centres (communal buildings, often old schools or factories). Up to 30 per cent do not have their own plumbing, or 42 per cent their own toilet. At the time of the survey the vast majority of people were sceptical about their chances of returning to their homes and remained unsure of their future. Basic Food Assistance With distribution cost support from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the YRC distributed World Food Programme (WFP) food rations to between 249,000 and 311,500 refugees (dependant on the WFP beneficiary lists) each month throughout The monthly ration contained: 12 kg of wheat flour, one kg beans, one litre of cooking oil; and, one kg of sugar. Working in co-ordination, any food shortfalls in the WFP pipeline were filled by the Federation utilizing European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO) funds. Throughout the year the YRC distributed a total of: 4,500 metric tons (MT) of wheat flour, 1,184 MT of beans, 826 MT cooking oil, and 530 MT of sugar. Considerable delays were experienced as a result of economic sanctions, new EU tendering procedures and obtaining import permits in the wake of the political transition. The result was very late delivery of the commodities for the end of the year. Despite great efforts to quickly distribute to the beneficiaries, some commodities remained to be distributed in early 2001.

3 3 Supplementary Food Assistance Of the most vulnerable refugees living in private accommodation, 350,000 were identified and provided with supplementary food for six months to improve their poor diet and boost their nutritional intake to reach minimum standards (specified in the Sphere guidelines). The beneficiaries were elderly over age 65, single parent families, children up to one year of age, orphans, mentally or physically disabled, chronically ill (certified by doctors), and the destitute as identified by the local YRC branches. Supplementary food included: 500 grams of milk powder, 550 grams of canned pork, chicken or beef, and 77 grams of yeast. The total amount of food distributed by the YRC included 1,080 MT of milk powder (funded by the Swedish Red Cross and from a balance of the 1999 appeal), 1,188 MT of canned meat, and 166 MT of dry yeast (both funded by ECHO). Essential Hygiene Programme Over the year the YRC distributed 954,500 basic hygiene parcels (funded by ECHO and the Swedish and German Red Cross Societies) to an average 238,625 vulnerable refugees per quarter. The parcels were in response to the personal health and hygiene requirements of the most vulnerable. The beneficiaries targeted were all refugees living in collective centres and vulnerable refugee single parent families, mentally and physically disabled, chronically ill, elderly over 65 and the destitute. Each parcel contained three kg of washing powder, four rolls of toilet paper, two bars of soap, 75 ml toothpaste, 20 sanitary towels and 250 ml of shampoo. As a preventative health measure the benefit of these items can be seen by the fact that there were no major outbreaks of disease in recent years in the overcrowded accommodations. A major constraint was a lack of hygiene parcels made available from ECHO for the YRC s Belgrade branches for most of 2000 due to an unresolved issue from 1999 when they incorrectly distributed some refugee parcels to non-refugee vulnerable. The programme was therefore unable to assist 24,000 beneficiaries in the Belgrade branches until the last quarter of the year when the Swedish Red Cross provided a donation. Additionally, the German Red Cross provided for 5,296 baby parcels to refugee families with a baby up to one year of age. In late 1999, an unexpected donation of baby parcels from the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Balkan wide operation was made in Montenegro and the Novi Sad region thereby reducing the need. The 2,804 baby parcels received were carried forward for appropriate distribution to families who will need them in early The YRC/Federation did not distribute cleaning kits to collective centres as planned for 2000 as it transpired that is was not a requirement for all collective centres and other agencies were able to take the responsibility. Winterization Programme In addition to the planned objectives, it was identified that refugee children and the elderly were suffering from the harsh effects of the Balkan winters for lack of warm clothing. ECHO and the German and Norwegian Red Cross Societies provided funding for the purchase of 61,173 sets of thermal underwear, comprising both a long and a short sleeve vest and a pair of long underwear, for elderly people living in private accommodation. Up to 82,000 refugee children aged 14 or under were provided with 82,178 pairs of winter shoes and 81,178 warm jackets through a donation by the British Red Cross. Delays in funding for the underwear meant that the distribution programme did not start until mid-winter. A trade dispute between Serbia and Montenegro blocked around 10 per cent of the children's jackets and shoes thereby delaying distribution. There were some cases where the sizes of jackets and shoes obviously did not always match the needs of the children in a particular branch, however the items were universally very well accepted. Assistance to Elderly in Social Institutions

4 4 Another initiative in addition to planned activities for 2000 was an assessment of social institutions caring for the elderly that identified many as being in a very poor state and in need of supplies. The following needs were identified: 100,000 bed linen sheets; 2,000,000 diapers; 200 MT of washing powder; 350 MT of liquid disinfectant; and 100,000 standard dressing sets. The 100,000 diapers provided by the Norwegian Red Cross were distributed to 37 gerontology centres throughout FRY (excluding Kosovo). A further 6,540 diapers, also from the Norwegian Red Cross, were distributed to socially vulnerable in private accommodation. The procurement process is well underway for almost 70 per cent of the remaining items due to the contributions of the British Red Cross (DFID funds) and the Canadian Red Cross. Items & Monthly Ration Oil: 1L/mth Sugar: 1kg/mth Beans: 1 kg/mth Wheat flour: 1 kg/mth YRC/Federation Relief Distributions: 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2000 No. of Beneficiaries until June July/Aug November December until June December until June July/Aug November December November December 125, ,000 11,687 72, ,000 7, , ,000 7, , ,106 1,570,308 Belgrade 502' ' ' '126 Kragujevac 99'262 93' ' '196 Kraljevo 107' ' '291 70'205 Nis 91'870 90'141 90'690 50'080 Novi Sad 478' ' ' '807 Podgorica 12'150 78'281 11'256 0 Total distribution 1'291'805 1'013'812 1'387'943 1'734'414 Yeast: 77gr/mth 350' ' ' '537 72' '710 76'511 2'239'143 Milk: 500gr/mth 350' ' ' '238 84' '586 76'466 2'113'397 Meat: 550gr/mth 350' ' ' '316 86' '118 76'318 2'172'461 Hygiene Parcel : 1 per quarter 225' '267 61'545 66'792 43' '904 43' '257 Underwear: 1 set 55'369 23'511 3'453 3'327 1'038 26'823 2'310 60'462 Jackets: 1/winter 82'000 25'071 3'929 4'398 2'306 39'153 3'603 78'460 Shoes: 1/winter 82'000 25'966 4'360 4'486 2'121 39'186 3'758 79'877 Baby Parcels 8'100 2' '298 Elderly Diapers 9'000 24'012 10'878 5'124 12'968 42'692 4'212 99'886 Disaster Preparedness Objective: As FRY is prone to natural disasters, earthquakes and floods in particular, and is still at risk of potential conflict, the YRC began to put in place a disaster preparedness (DP) programme. The objective is to assist the YRC to develop a disaster preparedness plan over the next two years that will build upon the existing emergency stocks and elements of disaster preparedness that are already incorporated into other programmes such as youth and health education. Achievements and Constraints Towards the end of 2000 a disaster preparedness delegate was dispatched to exclusively work with the YRC s DP team to assist them with what is a fundamental part of the Federation s Strategy 2010 for the next decade and a core activity of the national society. Within the DP plan of action an activation and command mechanism was established in the YRC and some DP stocks were established. The stocks, which total more than 70 metric tons and include tents, mattresses, blankets, sleeping bags and collapsible water containers, were installed in YRC warehouses. The programme

5 5 only started in 2000 and made solid progress with support from the Swedish, German and Danish Red Cross Societies. The ICRC also contributed by providing 2,000 ready to eat meals. An expert working group developed standardized personal and disaster preparedness team kit lists and a final list of outstanding requirements was agreed upon. In 25 selected municipalities, 84 disaster response teams (with six specialized members each) were formed and 476 of the planned 504 team members successfully completed standardized training. The international Sphere standards were translated into Serbian and utilized in the training. The change in government in FRY at the end of the year set back progress in establishing the YRC's role in a national disaster response plan. However, this remains a priority for 2001 and good co-operation with the new government is anticipated. Health and Care Objective 1: To update the skills of 200 Red Cross volunteers in organizing regular Red Cross health activities in order for them to provide preventative health training to both specific target groups and the general population. Health issues include drug abuse, smoking, alcohol abuse, communicable diseases, chronic diseases, AIDS, tuberculosis, general hygiene, dental hygiene, gender relations and environmental health. Objective 2: To expand the social welfare programme s network offering services to refugees, internally displaced and vulnerable who were placed in a state of prolonged chronic stress, some for almost a decade. The services include professional counselling, telephone hot line support, youth clubs, clubs for the elderly and mobile teams. Objective 3: To expand the psycho-social support programme in Kosovo by three more branches from five Red Cross centres and five mobile outreach teams and hand over management to the local Red Cross. Achievement and Constraints Health With the Federation s assistance, the YRC continued to provide a wide range of community based health education and services. Some initiatives, such as HIV/AIDS awareness and the promotion of blood donations, were large scale national programmes, and others were regional according to local needs. Health statistics highlighted a resurgence of once largely eradicated intestinal and skin diseases. The most common are dysentery, hepatitis A, and parasite induced intestinal diseases. Children are the most susceptible to these food and water borne diseases. The causes are primarily a lack of health education and access to basic hygiene products. The severely damaged health and water infrastructures are also unable to cope with the massive population movements the country experienced. Following a survey of needs in late 1999 the YRC in Serbia introduced its dirty hands health education programme for children and youth. Eight regional education seminars were held for 1,000 kindergarten and elementary school directors and teachers, school dispensary health workers and Red Cross health workers. Promotional and training materials such as posters, leaflets, brochures, T-shirts and wall calendars were produced and distributed. The trained educators then organized activities and seminars tailored for the particular environment, e.g. urban or rural, in their kindergartens and schools for children and their parents. Established since 1997, the life saving programme was continued by YRC throughout More than 150 Red Cross-trained life guards in Subotica and Belgrade provided protection to people

6 6 swimming in pools and lakes that could number up to 500,000 per day in the peak season. The Federation assisted the YRC to provide six intensive training seminars for 220 selected Red Cross volunteers who were engaged as members of life saving teams during the summer season. Promotional and teaching materials, particularly aimed at children who are the most at danger from drowning, were distributed to and displayed at beaches, pools, schools and other public places. To combat HIV/AIDS, the YRC working together with the government and other NGOs designed and executed an extensive advertising campaign which received good media coverage and will be continued in Comprehensive education and awareness materials were produced: 100,000 let s learn about AIDS booklets for elementary school children; 1,000 brochures for branches; and 100,000 leaflets for students, pocket calendars, book marks and badges were distributed along with condoms. Street performances and talks led by RC youth educators were given in city squares, streets, discos, theatres and cinemas and at sports events. In addition to the nation-wide programmes various branches and regions addressed their local health needs: The Red Cross in Kraljevo organized three better to prevent than cure health and family planning workshops per week for six months for the Roma IDPs, housed in often unhygienic conditions. Basic hygiene items such as washing powder, soap, shampoo and toothbrushes were also distributed. In Vozdovac, the Red Cross youth volunteers, with support from health care professionals, provided health education on addictive diseases. Performances, seminars and workshops, supported with promotional material, were held for 3,100 children aged in all 15 schools in the region warning of the dangers of smoking, drug and alcohol abuse. The Red Cross in Sombor organized a ten-day health and environmental health peer education summer school for 80 youth volunteers from 20 branches in the Vojvodina region. Volunteers were then able to return to their branches and organize peer education. The training was provided by 11 Red Cross workers and professionals including doctors, teachers, a first aid trainer, a life saving instructor, a biologist and an ecologist. In Cacak the Red Cross worked with the regional public health institutes and technical services to address the problem of poor water quality in rural areas of the Morava region. The programme was based on a survey that found that only one of the 1,029 public water systems in the district s four municipalities satisfied the minimum water hygiene standards. In co-operation with authorities the Red Cross organized a two-phase clean water programme. The first phase was educational with the YRC providing education material and one-day training sessions on the importance of healthy water, health risks, preventative measures against waterborne infections for children in particular, and the importance of regular cleaning and disinfecting of water systems. The second phase involved trained YRC volunteers working with the regional technical services and local populations to disinfect local wells and water systems utilizing 4,800 kg of disinfectant. Home Care to the Elderly In addition to the assistance for elderly care institutions, an assessment in May and June identified the extreme vulnerability of elderly people living in private accommodation that the YRC's traditional home care service is being revitalized to assist. The service used to act as an auxiliary to the once well-established health and social welfare system. During the past decade the YRC had to prioritize the vast emergency relief needs and was unable to implement this service. Conventional support for the elderly through the once sound family networks suffered from large scale population movement and the migration of the young to the cities. The vastly inadequate state pension of approximately 37 DEM is provided sporadically and cannot purchase even the most basic food requirements let alone electricity and medicines. During the year, 187 trained YRC volunteers supported by 58 professionals made 858 home visits to 415 vulnerable elderly people, many of whom are housebound. The programme is still in the pilot

7 7 stage in seven cities and following its success will be replicated throughout FRY. Training was provided to 100 home care professionals in two (two-day) seminars and 224 volunteers were trained in four (five-day) seminars In order to best respond to the needs of the elderly the programme requires recognition and support from the public health and social sectors which will be referring the priority cases to the YRC. While imperative, this process of co-operation and consultation with various federal and regional health and social authorities required great efforts and proved very time consuming. By the end of the year, however, good contact was established with the various authorities. So far the pilot proved to be a great success and will be expanded. Social Welfare The social welfare programme (SWP) has been in operation since 1993 when it was exclusively a psychological support service to refugees from Croatian and Bosnia-Herzegovina. The programme was developed over the years into a community based programme offering support to a much wider range of vulnerable including not only refugees but also IDPs, the elderly, youth and children, social cases, the sick and unemployed. Throughout 2000 the SWP made more than 900,000 contacts with vulnerable people. Six seminars for a total of 500 volunteers were held during the year helping to expand the network to include 700 co-workers and volunteers. Supervision and consultation by a psychologist and psychiatrist are provided to the YRC staff throughout the year to prevent burnout syndrome and maintain high standards of service delivery. Remote villages and collective centres are provided assistance by 12 mobile libraries, nine mobile cinemas and 18 multifunctional mobile teams who travel within municipalities offering intellectual stimulation, recreational and occupational activities and psychological support to the housebound. Branch support and assistance was increased and is now provided to 134 of the 181 YRC branches throughout FRY and is well on course with the two-year objective of expanding the programme to all branches. Through 113 youth, elderly and family clubs 13,253 workshops were organized for 286,167 participants. There are various workshops, all developed and modified for local need, such as psychological art, educational, sports, etc. They aim to fight refugee inactivity, frustration and isolation and to assist children to integrate socially, develop creativity and bond with their peers. Due to the political and security situation in the country during 2000 the planned international mental health conference for the SWP professionals was postponed until Another major constraint to service provision is local capacity which varies greatly from branch to branch. A total of 990 vulnerable children were provided with a week-long summer holiday where they were able to relax and also attend social welfare workshops such as drama and art. The children were from a mixture of backgrounds such as the socially vulnerable, orphans, IDPs from Kosovo, handicapped and sick children, all of whom would not have had the opportunity for a well deserved break. Psycho-Social Programme in Kosovo The 1999 Kosovo crisis added to a decade of trauma and stress for the people of Kosovo. This programme helped to reduce the impact of traumatic and accumulated stress on rural as well as urban populations by providing more than 70,000 hours of direct psycho-social support (based upon 47,000 sessions of 1.5 hours average each) by the mobile outreach teams and psycho-social centres staff, including expatriate delegates. During the year, 28 paraprofessionals were recruited and provided with comprehensive training in psychological support and therapeutic social activities with extensive supervision and mentoring from delegates. More than 30 different support groups were implemented for various beneficiaries such as war widows, widowers, ex-detainees or orphans. By the end of 2000 there were more than 160 groups meeting each month. Social activities were also facilitated to re-establish shattered social networks and help rebuild trust. Each psycho-social centre was equipped with reading materials, chess sets and games, sports equipment and arts and craft supplies. A

8 8 successful drama club for youth was set up which will be replicated in three other centres next year. More than 200 women participated in seamstress classes, most of whom had lost their husbands, have no job skills or opportunities, no income and have young children. School supplies were delivered to more than 9,100 beneficiaries through schools, daycare centres, orphanages, hospitals, disabled homes and other centres. They also acted as a link between beneficiaries to other Red Cross services and other organizations enabling more than 10,000 people to access basic humanitarian aid, 20 families to secure assistance to reconstruct their homes and five people to get medical assistance abroad. The programme worked in close co-ordination and collaboration with other agencies such as Medicine Sans Frontiers, the World Health Organization and UNICEF, local health structures and other components of the Movement. A professional relationship was established with the Institute for Mental Health and Recovery in Kosova (IMHRK) involving case consultations, referrals and provision of group support to the programme staff in their mother tongue. An agreement was established with the IMHRK whereby they will provide voluntary consultations to the Red Cross of Kosova once the programme is handed over to them. The psycho-social programme s teams work with the ICRC to share information on beneficiaries for tracing and family messages and protection services. The ICRC makes ex-detainees aware of the support available through the programme, which in turn assists in distributing ICRC mine awareness information where appropriate. During the year the government was able to open some centres for social work and community based mental health centres, however, their implementation was greatly delayed and capacity remains insufficient for the need. While some of the caseload could be transferred to the government, as is appropriate, the delays affected the psychological support capability leaving the majority of the population having psycho-social needs without support. Humanitarian Values Objective: To continue to ensure the promotion of humanitarian values through the youth programme and through a publicity programme with the YRC that will raise its profile, and enhance awareness of its values and work for the vulnerable. Achievements and Constraints Throughout the year the YRC continued its campaign to promote humanitarian values and its role in implementing them. Under the slogan Humanity: the only treasure that multiplies by sharing a week-long nation-wide campaign promoting humanitarian values was carried out by the YRC for celebration of World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day on 8 May. Posters, stickers, video and radio clips were disseminated in all languages representing the different nationalities in FRY. Established in 1875, the YRC is one of the oldest national societies in the world, and celebrated its 125th birthday in It used the opportunity to promote the national society through a week-long campaign utilizing posters and video and radio clips under the slogan The Yugoslav Red Cross, always your friend. The campaign will be continued in With the Federation s assistance, the YRC produced its own PR guide for all of its branches and a guide to communicators (volunteers) for distribution to all RC volunteers. YRC table calendars and agendas were also produced and disseminated to promote the society. A repatriation guide was produced for refugees returning to their homes in Croatia and Bosnia- Herzegovina. Additionally, financial support was provided to the refugee magazines Odgovor

9 9 (response), Povratak (return), Vrela (a Montenegrin version), and a children's magazine Suncokret (sunflower). The YRC designed and installed its comprehensive web site which has many sections translated into English and links to the web sites of the ICRC and the Federation, highlighting its role as part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. An independent public opinion poll was commissioned by the YRC with Federation support. It demonstrated that the YRC remains the humanitarian organization most present in people's minds, rating an impressive 95 per cent. When asked who would you turn to for help in case of the need for humanitarian aid? half of the general population and more than 60 per cent of IDPs and refugees cited the Red Cross. In addition to these activities, the Federation also provided technical assistance to the YRC to improve its handling of national and international media. The YRC showed progress in becoming more flexible and dynamic in order to meet the needs of visiting journalists. Due to the political and security situation in Kosovo the YRC was unfortunately unable to extend its multi-lingual nation-wide humanity campaign to Kosovo. Fortunately the Red Cross of Kosova, with Federation support, organized an equally successful campaign in the region. While the public opinion survey of the YRC was generally positive, some confusion remains about the role of the YRC and the Movement. It highlighted the need to continue to better profile the work and role of the YRC. The concept of solidarity with one's fellow man is relatively low, however, there appears to be great potential to attract volunteers with almost half the IDP and refugee population expressing readiness to become involved with the RC. Institutional and Resource Development Objective 1: Support the institutional and resource development of the YRC network in order for the society to increase its effectiveness and efficiency as the prime channel of domestic and international assistance to the vulnerable people of FRY. Objective 2: Support the development of Red Cross structures and programmes in Kosovo which will benefit from the support of all groups in the province and position the local Red Cross as an important contributor to the development of civil society. This will include a psycho-social support programme. Objective 3: Strengthen the Red Cross youth programme through support to youth training programmes and international exchanges. Achievements and Constraints Since 1998, the YRC has had an ambitious institutional and resource development (ID/RD) action plan which aims to improve both the capacity and quality of services and to develop income generating activities in order for it to become more financially self-sufficient. Early in the year the YRC held a workshop with representation from all the members of the society - headquarters, branches, professional staff, volunteers, board members and executives. The process reconfirmed society-wide commitment to the plan which was also updated. Within the framework of the action plan, the YRC trained 196 staff and volunteers in its LRCS logistics and humanitarian relief tracking system. Also, 15 staff and volunteers of the Montenegrin RC were provided with computer literacy training.

10 10 Reporting and communication with international donors was strengthened by the recruitment of three reporting officers and 58 YRC staff successfully completed four-month English language training courses. The YRC produced a volunteer strategy and a pilot volunteer management workshop was held for 29 participants. A number of other ID/RD training workshops were held for YRC staff and volunteers on management, project cycle management, and fund-raising. The Sphere Project s international standards in humanitarian relief were translated into Serbian and 1,000 copies were produced and distributed throughout the YRC to ensure good quality assistance programmes. To help the YRC develop its funding base and become financially self sufficient, the Federation supported 19 branches to establish new income generating projects. An annual evaluation of the success and profitability of all the projects is being produced for presentation in the first quarter of Many branches do not have even the minimum infrastructure to operate effectively. Eight branches were provided with 87 square metres of prefabricated offices and a further three with construction materials. This basic assistance will be continued in As planned, a major independent review of the ID programme was carried out at the end of the year. While progress was achieved in the implementation of planned activities at the grassroots level, the more sophisticated objectives involving headquarters, such as revising the statutes, developing a strategy and management training for board members (governance), were not achieved at all. The conflict with NATO in late 1999 had negative ramifications on the whole of FRY into Added to this, the major social and political upheaval towards the end of 2000 led to the majority of the national society s resources and efforts being directed towards the more immediate task of responding to the vulnerable. It should also be noted that as FRY is a former socialist country, institutional development and change remain relatively unfamiliar concepts. Kosovo Within Kosovo two separate organizations operate to provide assistance to the vulnerable. The Red Cross of Kosovo and Metohija (KMRC) has six active municipal branches as part of the Serbian Red Cross within the YRC structure. The Red Cross of Kosova (RCK) is a separate, locally registered indigenous humanitarian organization, working to represent 90 per cent of the population in Kosovo. The Federation works with both of these local Red Cross (LRC) organizations to help them better assist the vulnerable. By the end of the year the severely damaged and neglected physical infrastructure of the LRC network was substantially improved through the provision of office furniture, computers and other equipment. Additionally, seven office premises and four warehouses were rehabilitated. The operational capacity of the LRC improved significantly through basic relief and on-the-job training. The Federation also provided training to the seven branches participating in the Kosovo Interim Administration Social Welfare programme. Seventeen RCK branches were involved in the ICRC-supported winter assistance programme to 55,000 beneficiaries. Since mid-2000 all branches were distributing ICRC hygiene and baby parcels and second hand clothing from Finnish Red Cross. Finance training was provided to the RCK s finance/admin unit and the finance representatives from each of the 32 branches were also provided training in financial accounting and reporting. Throughout the year the LRC organizations collected information on volunteers and created a database as part of the volunteer recruitment and management programme that will be further developed in 2001.

11 11 Good progress was made in the development of an ID plan of action, used as the basis for the Federation s Appeal and also by the RCK for its own work plan. The RCK is improving its legal basis and governance structure. To this end it initiated local and municipal RC elections in October but due to time constraints had to postpone the General Assembly until January 2001 when it expected that the updated statutes would be approved. The development of the Red Cross in the region was greatly hampered in the early part of the year due to a lack of funding. Fortunately, good progress was resumed due to the generous contributions from the Australian, Danish, Finnish, German, Monaco and Icelandic Red Cross Societies. The income generating programme only made limited progress this year due to the challenges in grasping the transition from command to market economies and, in part, poor conceptual understanding. Due to overwhelming workloads of higher priority the LRC organizations did not manage to establish public relations departments to improve their links with authorities, UN agencies and NGOs. It was therefore postponed until next year. They did however attract interest from the UN and other international organizations interested in utilizing them as distribution partners. Youth As part of the YRC s youth programme 2,090 members were provided with training at 16 youth summer camps. The summer camps focused on specific skills such as leadership training, first aid, water and mountain rescue and the promotion of humanitarian values. Additionally, 87 YRC youth leaders and 521 youth members attended a YRC summer school programme for skills training on the Movement s principles and humanitarian values. The training for the Kosovo youth groups included a mines awareness component. In Kosovo, over 250 youths were recruited to participate in a province-wide cleanup campaign and to assist the Red Cross of Kosova to restart its traditional Friend to Friend campaign which encourages schools and children to share school supplies with the less fortunate. Progress was greatly hampered for most of the year due the lack of a suitable youth manager at the YRC s headquarters. However, by the end of the year the YRC managed to recruit a skilled professional and in turn the Federation identified an international delegate to work alongside the new recruit in the new year. Other Programmes Children Affected by Armed Conflict Towards the end of the year, the Danish Red Cross established its delegated project which works through the YRC, in co-operation with the local Ministry of Education, to provide regular psycho-social support to 812 children in eight schools. Each child received personal hygiene training and a small kit and a protein-rich lunch containing a sandwich, a glass of milk and some fruit. The children then attended psycho-social and creative workshops delivered by their teachers who were trained at a three-day seminar. The workshops provide therapeutic support to children affected by conflict and encourage peers to better understand and accept refugee and displaced children. Based on the initial success of the programme an assessment of possible expansion to other regions in 2001 was held. Conclusions With assistance from the Federation and ICRC, the YRC continues to maintain and develop the largest and most effective nation-wide humanitarian aid distribution system utilized not only by the Movement but by 10 other aid agencies. Through its 11 regional distribution centres and 181 branches

12 12 (excluding Kosovo) the YRC provided assistance to nearly one million people during the year - 500,000 social cases, 242,000 internally displaced people and 237,000 refugees. In addition to its vast basic humanitarian relief tasks, the YRC provided a tremendous psychological boost and support to thousands of people in all parts of FRY. While maintaining its relief capabilities the YRC is managing to improve its skills and services and develop sustainable services that it will continue after these difficult times. For further details please contact: Bente Knagenhjelm, Phone: ; Fax: ; knagenhj@ifrc.org All International Federation Operations seek to adhere to the Code of Conduct and are committed to the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response (SPHERE Project) in delivering assistance to the most vulnerable. For further information concerning Federation operations in this or other countries, please access the Federation website at Peter Rees-Gildea Head a.i. Relationship Management Department Martin Faller Head a.i. Europe Department

13 13 1. Consolidated Response to the Appeal Annual Financial Reports Explanatory Note - This report provides a global picture on the funding situation of a specific appeal at a specific time. The cash column indicates all cash contributions channelled through the Federation, together with the balance carried forward from the previous year. Financial statements in support of the reported income are available upon request. The in-kind contributions (goods and services provided in response to the appeal objectives) are registered in a stand-alone system, based on the information provided by the respective donor. The values of these donations are based on information received from donors, and will be reported as such in the income and expenditure part of the consolidated report. Direct cash or in kind contributions made to Operating National Societies or in kind donations made to the Federation Delegations in response to the appeal are recorded as in-kind contributions in the report. 2. Balance of Funds - Cash Only This report is a summary cash statement, providing the information on the balance carried forward from the previous year, cash income (including reallocations), cash expenditure (including reallocations - ref. part III of the consolidated report), and the closing balance at the end of the year. 3. Budget Analysis / Breakdown of Expenditures This section of the report provides a comparative analysis of the total expenditures (cash and in-kind) versus the last approved budget of the appeal. The cash column reports on all expenditures booked against the Federation projects and cost centres. It relates only to the use of cash contributions received by the Secretariat for the specific appeal. Financial statements in support of the reported expenditure are available upon request. The in-kind columns (goods/services and personnel) report on the in-kind contributions donated in response to appeals, as per the information received from donors. This information is shown both as contribution and as expenditure against the specific appeal, and is consolidated, together with the cash expenses, against the appeal budget. As financial information is not always available from PNS, and for consistency reasons, a flat rate is applied for the calculation of personnel costs. The consumption rate represents the level of total expenditures (cash and in-kind) compared to the total income available (opening balance, cash and in-kind contributions), 4. Pledges vs. Contributions Attached to this financial report is the list of pledges against the respective appeal. The comparative analysis of the list of pledges and the list of actual contributions provides a clear insight into any outstanding pledges in response to the appeal. Any differences in values between the two reports are due to fluctuations in exchange rates at the time of booking and the time of reception of the contribution.

14 14 INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES Interim report Annual report Final report x Appeal No & title: 01.36/2000 F. R. of Yugoslavia Period: year 2000 Project(s): YU , 003, 008, 160, 501, 503, 504, 508, 509, 510, 512, 513, 515, 516, 519, 521, 525, 529, 560, 590, 591 Currency: CHF I - CONSOLIDATED RESPONSE TO APPEAL CASH KIND & SERVICES TOTAL FUNDING Contributions Reallocations Goods/Services Personnel INCOME Appeal budget less Cash brought foward TOTAL ASSISTANCE SOUGHT 49'712'362 1'262'383 48'449'978 Contributions from Donors American Government (DGU -843' '400 American RC (DNUS) 246' '567 Australian RC (DNAU) 198' '680 Australian RC (DNAU) 1'266 1'266 Belgian RC (DNBE) 357' '792 Canada - Private Donors (DP 1'419 1'419 Cyprus RC (DNCY) Danish RC (DNDK) 104' '546 Danish RC (DNDK) 204' '019 DFID - British Govt (DFID) 2'454'210 2'454'210 ECHO - (DE1068) 675' '284 ECHO - (DEYU01) 581' '280 ECHO - (DE1049) 91'289 91'289 ECHO - (DE7131) 2'922'521 2'922'521 ECHO - (DE0014) 2'703'728 2'703'728 Finnish Govt.via RC (DGNFI 769' '964 Finnish RC (DNFI) 23'381 23'381 Finnish RC (DNFI) 47'018 47'018 German RC (DNDE) 346' '980 Icelandic RC (DNIS) 413' '914 Japanese RC (DNJP) 42'295 42'295 Japanese RC (DNJP) 157' '450 Macao RC (DNMO) Macao RC (DNMO) Macao RC (DNMO) Monaco RC (DNMC) 47'097 47'097 Netherlands RC (DNNL) 12'000 12'000 Norwegian Govt.via RC (DGN 525' '541

15 15 Norwegian RC # 1 (DNNO01 423' '948 Norwegian RC (DNNO) 938' '789 Republic of Korea RC (DNK 2'225 2'225 Republic of Korea RC (DNK 3'241 3'241 Swedish Govt (DGSE) 979' '020 Swedish Govt.via RC (DGNS 3'972'136 3'972'136 Swedish RC - No. 9 (DNSE9 100' '890 Swedish RC (DNSE) 188' '110 UNHCR Contract No.7 (DH0 656' '650 UNHCR Contract No.7 (DH0 2'142'676 2'142'676 UNHCR Contract No.8 (DH0 797' '750 UNHCR Contract No.8 (DH0 981' '976 UNHCR Contract No.8 (DH0 1'479'902 1'479'902 United States - Private Dono American Government (DGUS) 18'547 18'547 Icelandic RC (DNIS) -166' '424 Icelandic RC (DNIS) 39'110 39'110 Icelandic RC (DNIS) 28'126 28'126 Icelandic RC (DNIS) 99'189 99'189 ICRC-IFRC Kosovo (DM0409) 975' '973 ICRC-IFRC Kosovo (DM0409) -5'858-5'858 ICRC-IFRC Kosovo (DM0409) -3'024-3'024 ICRC-IFRC Kosovo (DM0409) -3'341-3'341 ICRC-IFRC Kosovo (DM0409) ICRC-IFRC Kosovo (DM0409) ICRC-IFRC Kosovo (DM0409) -185' '988 ICRC (DM04) 2'599 2'599 Monaco RC (DNMC) Netherlands RC (DNNL) 24'000 24'000 Australian RC 96'098 96'098 Austrian RC 52'895 52'895 Finland 74'414 74'414 Great Britain 110' '882 German RC 17'248 17'248 Italian RC 11'827 11'827 Japanese RC 121' '724 Korea, Republic 104' '147 Netherlands RC 30'718 30'718 Sweden 249' '690 American RC '430 TOTAL 24'753' '850 1'000'073 26'576'820 Coverage 51.1% 1.7% 2.1% 54.9% II - Balance of funds Opening balance CASH INCOME Rcv'd CASH EXPENDITURE CASH BALANCE 1'262'383 25'576'747-28'652' '813'283

16 16 Appeal No & title: 01.36/2000 F. R. of Yugoslavia Period: year 2000 Project(s): YU , 003, 008, 160, 501, 503, 504, 508, 509, 510, 512, 513, 515, 516, 519, 521, 525, 529, 560, 590, 591 Currency: CHF III - Budget analysis / Breakdown of expenditures Appeal CASH KIND & SERVICES TOTAL Description Budget Expenditures Goods/services Personnel Expenditures Variance SUPPLIES Shelter & Construction 202' ' '044 90'596 Clothing & Textiles 2'269' ' '271 1'812'193 Food/Seeds 13'119'524 10'033'110 10'033'110 3'086'414 Water 1'440 6'795 6'795-5'355 Medical & First Aid 966' ' ' '636 Teaching materials 286' ' '549 31'013 Utensils & Tools 141'672 96'908 96'908 44'764 Other relief supplies 8'852'521 4'169'351 4'169'351 4'683'170 Sub-Total 25'840'368 15'404'937 15'404'937 10'435'431 CAPITAL EXPENSES Land & Buildings Vehicles 215' ' ' '122 Computers & Telecom equip. 141' ' ' '817 Medical equipment Other capital expenditures 92' ' '028-77'348 Sub-Total 449' ' ' '043 TRANSPORT & STORAGE 11'326'554 4'565'211 4'565'211 6'761'343 Sub-Total 11'326'554 4'565'211 4'565'211 6'761'343 PERSONNEL Personnel (delegates) 1'455'202 1'183'354 1'000'073 2'183' '225 Personnel (local staff) 3'578'993 2'526'682 2'526'682 1'052'311 Training Sub-Total 5'034'195 3'710'035 1'000'073 4'710' '087 GENERAL & ADMINISTRATION Assessment/Monitoring/experts 85'881 85'881-85'881 Travel & related expenses 308' ' '110-7'572 Information expenses 675' ' ' '104 Administrative expenses 690' ' '436 11'931 External w orkshops & Seminars 141' ' '537 Sub-Total 1'674'870 1'734'825 1'734'825-59'955 PROGRAMME SUPPORT 5'387'098 2'308'780 2'308'780 3'078'318 OPERATIONAL PROVISIONS 195' ' '591 Transfer to National Societies 160' ' '715 TOTAL BUDGET 49'712'362 28'652'414 1'000'073 29'652'487 20'059'875 Consumption rate: Expenditures versus income 112% Expenditures versus budget 60%

17 17 FR Yugoslavia ANNEX 1 APPEAL No /2000 PLEDGES RECEIVED DONOR CATEGORY QUANTITY UNIT VALUE CHF DATE COMMENT CASH TOTAL COVERAGE REQUESTED IN APPEAL CHF > 49'712' % Balance carried forward from '262'383 REALLOCATION OF INCOME FROM THE JOINT BALKANS APPEAL 799'188 OUTSTANDING PAYMENT (ECHO) 1'200'000 EUR 1'910'000 FINAL SETTLEMENT (20% OF CONTRACT) AMERICAN - RC 962'900 USD 1'625' AMERICAN - PRIVATE 500 USD AMERICAN - PRIVATE 500 USD AMERICAN - PRIVATE 500 USD AMERICAN - PRIVATE 800 USD 1' AUSTRALIA - RC 200'000 AUD 209' BRANCH SUPP. PROJ. TRAINING AUSTRALIA - RC 3'635 AUD 3' AUSTRALIA - RC 1'314 AUD 1' BELGIUM - RC 9'000'000 BEF 359' BRITISH - GOVT /DFID 990'000 GBP 2'504' HOME CARE PROGRAMME, EMERGENCY RELIEF ITEMS, PHV/ PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMME, DELEGATION CO-ORDINATION/ MANAGEMENT CANADA - PRIVATE 800 USD 1' CYPRUS - RC DANISH - RC 500'000 DKK 105' DPP DANISH - RC 1'000'000 DKK 210' INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ECHO 3'710'000 EUR 5'904' DE7131 ECHO 3'500'000 EUR 5'500' DE0014 ECHO 500'000 EUR 769' DE21047 FINNISH - RC 31'283 EUR 48' INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT GERMAN - RC 90' YRC SUMMER SCHOOL PROG. GERMAN - RC 190'000 DEM 151' GERMAN - RC 200'000 DEM 159' INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT GERMAN - RC 60'000 DEM 46' LOGISTICS CO-ORDINATOR ICELANDIC - RC 8'000'000 ISK 178' ICELANDIC - RC 52' WAREHOUSE IN UZICE ICELANDIC - RC 23' SOUP KITCHEN SEMSKI KARLOVCI ICELANDIC - RC 8'000'000 ISK 162' MEDICAL, SOCIAL WELFARE, HEALTH VBD JAPANESE - RC 10'000'000 JPY 155' IN-COUNTRY COSTS DEL.