Welcome and introduction General information Timetable Full programme and abstracts... 4

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2 Content Welcome and introduction... 1 General information... 2 Timetable... 3 Full programme and abstracts... 4 Thursday 25 th May Opening Panel: Regional migration governance... 4 Panel 1: Mechanisms and effects of regional migration governance... 6 Panel 2: Migration governance in South America... 8 Panel 3: Migration governance in Africa Plenary Session Challenges of regional migration governance Friday 26 th May Panel 4: Subnational dynamics of migration governance Panel 5: Migration governance in North America Panel 6: Dynamics of regional labour migration governance Panel 7: Forced migration governance Participants (in order of panel appearance)... 20

3 Welcome and introduction Dear colleagues, I am delighted to welcome you to this conference on The Drivers of Migration Governance. The event is linked to an Advanced Investigator Grant awarded by the European Research Council for the period to the project Prospects for International Migration Governance (MIGPROSP). We gratefully acknowledge the ERC s generous support. The MIGPROSP project has been based for 3 years in the Department of Politics at the University of Sheffield and will, until its completion in Spring 2019, be based at the Migration Policy Centre here in the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute. As you will see from the programme, we are fortunate to have a fascinating array of papers that explore key issues in regional migration governance from a variety of perspectives. One area of focus within the MIGPROSP project is on how various types of actor within migration governance systems in four regions (Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America and South America) make sense of the issues and challenges that they face. MIGPROSP seeks to understand more about the context of decision, the impacts of risks and uncertainties, the role of actors and organizations in shaping the outcomes and outputs of these governance systems and the ways in which structural constraints on action are understood and articulated. The conference will provide the MIGPROSP team with an opportunity to reflect on the project s key themes and also to think about how we might be able to develop through future projects and publications the work that has been gathered here for this conference. Personally and also on behalf of the participants, I would like to acknowledge and thank the people that have played a key role in organising this conference, particularly my colleagues in the MIGPROSP team at Sheffield, Marcia Vera Espinoza and Gabriela Ibarra, and at the Migration Policy Centre at EUI, particularly Aurélie Boursier. With best wishes, Andrew Geddes Director, Migration Policy Centre, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, EUI Professor of Politics, University of Sheffield 1

4 General information Conference venue The conference will take place in the Badia Fiesolana - which is the main building of the EUI. Address of the conference venue Meeting room: Theatre Badia Fiesolana Via dei Roccettini 9 San Domenico di Fiesole Florence Water, tea, coffee and biscuits will be served during the conference. Meals arrangements have been made for speakers at the conference only. Other attendees should arrange their own meals. Information about where to eat at the EUI can be found here. Key contacts If you need urgent assistance during the conference, please use the following numbers: MIGPROSP team: +44 (0) EUI: For any other information, please us at migprosp@sheffield.ac.uk Internet Access Wi-Fi connection will be available in all venues of the conference; access to the EUI Wi-Fi will be provided to participants on the days of the conference. Furthermore, a laptop service point will be available to provide, where necessary, some assistance if you are unsuccessful in establishing a Wi-Fi connection. For more information regarding pre requisites, click here. Social media We welcome the use of social media during the conference. Please and join the debate using the hashtag #MIGPROSPConf 2

5 Timetable Thursday 25 th May 8:30 9:00 Registration 9:00 9:15 Welcome 9:15 10:45 Opening Panel: Regional migration governance 10:45 11:00 Coffee break 11:00 12:30 Panel 1: Mechanisms and effects of regional migration governance 12:30 13:30 Lunch Break 13:30 15:00 Panel 2: Migration governance in South America 15:00 15:15 Coffee Break 15:15 16:45 Panel 3: Migration governance in Africa 16:45 17:00 Break 17:00 18:15 Plenary Session Challenges of regional migration governance Friday 26 th May 9:30 11:00 Panel 4: Subnational dynamics of migration governance 11:00 11:15 Coffee Break 11:15 12:45 Panel 5: Migration governance in North America 12:45 13:45 Lunch break 13:45 15:15 Panel 6: Dynamics of regional labour migration governance 15:15 15:30 Coffee break 15:30 17:00 Panel 7: Forced migration governance 17:00 17:15 Closing Remarks 3

6 Full programme and abstracts Thursday 25 th May 9:00 9:15 Welcome Renaud Dehousse President, European University Institute (EUI) Brigid Laffan Director, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, EUI Andrew Geddes Director, Migration Policy Centre, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, EUI and Professor of Politics, University of Sheffield 9:15 10:45 Opening Panel: Regional migration governance Chair: Nicola Phillips University of Sheffield (MIGPROSP) The drivers of regional migration governance Andrew Geddes Migration Policy Centre and University of Sheffield (MIGPROSP) The Prospects for International Migration Governance project (MIGPROSP) focuses on the drivers of migration governance in four world regions (Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America and South America). The project is interested in how various types of actor in migration governance systems make sense of the issues they face and how they understand and respond to the uncertainties and risks. This paper introduces key conceptual reference points for the wider MIGPROSP project by developing six theses about migration governance. These are migration governance as: (i) a signifier of change in underlying social systems; (ii) centred on relations between organisations and their environment; (iii) both an effect and a cause of turbulence in governance systems; (iv) inherently ambiguous leading to the potential decoupling of problems and solutions; (v) pluricentric and multilevel thus signifying involvement of more organisations; (vi) profoundly situationalist shaped by the practical activities of real people engaged in concrete situations of social action. Each thesis will be illustrated by material from first phase of the MIGPROSP project during which interviews have taken place more than 300 actors in migration governance systems in Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America and South America. Regional migration governance in Asia: perspectives from above and from below Sandra Lavenex University of Geneva Nicola Piper University of Sydney In the absence of meaningful international cooperation on the matter, migration governance is increasingly addressed at the regional level. Across all continents regional integration frameworks have introduced mobility norms for the citizens of the participating countries. Some of these norms reach beyond the regional integration frameworks themselves and have been included in bilateral and plurilateral trade agreements. South-East Asia has seen a particular proliferation of such mobility norms as part of the ASEAN regional cooperation framework. These mobility norms tend to reflect government's preference for temporary movements of highly skilled professionals. They provide for market access, but they fall short of regulating the rights and entitlements of the migrating individuals and their families. Furthermore, while formally codified, these rules affect only a very tiny part of Asia's labour migrants, and are often not even 4

7 transposed into national laws. In parallel to these formal temporary mobility rules agreed "from above", labour migration governance in South-East Asia occurs at the informal level, through the "bottom-up" mobilisation of civil society actors in the form of networks of labour involving trade unions, grassroots and advocacy organisations which have sought to improve the situation of the large number of migrants by promoting a rights-based approach to migration. In this paper we juxtapose the dissociation between formal highly selective mobility norms "from above" with informal governance "from below" and seek to identify the venues through which these two largely dissociated processes may be brought closer to another. Introducing an analytical framework for regional migration governance in Africa Eva Dick German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) Benjamin Schraven German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) In the context of the global refugee crisis, trans-saharan and trans-mediterranean (irregular) migration from Africa to Europe has recently received huge public and political attention, particularly within Europe. Calls for reducing and containing irregular migrant flows and addressing the root causes of forced migration dominate the European policy discourse. The present paper adopts a contrasting perspective focusing on regional migration governance in Eastern and Western Africa. Contrary to their common perception as places of origin or transit, empirical evidence points to the pivotal role of African cities, countries and regions as areas of temporary or permanent destination. In fact most movements in Africa are taking place within or between sub-regions. Against this background, African regional organizations have developed mobility regimes aiming at facilitating and better managing intra-african migration. In the European migration discourse, it can be expected that these mobility regimes will further gain attention. As part of a recently started three-year research project on regional migration governance in the Economic Community of Western Africa (ECOWAS) and the Intergovernmental Authority for Development (IGAD) in Northeastern Africa we propose an analytical framework for African regional migration governance. The framework is based on the following guiding questions: 1. To what degree do the organizations address the highly varied and variable nature of migration? 2. What are corresponding institutional set-ups, norms and mechanisms, dominated by what actors acting on what interests? 3. What are points and channels of interaction with national and sub-national governance levels and sectors, as well as international agencies? Understanding migration by governance actors and its impact on the law in South America: irregular migrants, family members and regional citizens Diego Acosta University of Bristol (MIGPROSP) Actors shaping and influencing migration law in South America including politicians, officials, regional organizations, NGOS and civil society have, in many respects, different understandings of the governance of migration from what we may find in other regions around the globe. This commonality of views has been reinforced since the turn of the century by the proliferation of regional fora where ideas on migration are shared and discussed, including South American Conference on Migration, MERCOSUR, CAN or UNASUR, as well as by the work of IOM as an agency creating a common narrative on how to regulate migration. A first analysis of 74 semi-structured interviews having been conducted in six South American countries between 2015 and 2016, reveal a particular interest take with regard to irregular migrants, family members and regional citizens. These three categories relate to three emerging principles that can be readily 5

8 identified in the new migration laws in the region: non-criminalization, right to migrate and, in the case of regional citizens, open borders. However, these three categories seem to be overlap in various and contradicting ways so that the irregular migrant, the family member and the regional citizen are often just one figure. This presentation will initiate a first exploration of these issues to understand the impact these configurations have on the law. 10:45 11:00 Coffee break 11:00 12:30 Panel 1: Mechanisms and effects of regional migration governance Chair: Andrew Geddes Migration Policy Centre and University of Sheffield (MIGPROSP) Identifying and measuring disproportionate migratory burdens in a regional polity: the case of the European Union Marco Scipioni Knowledge Centre for Migration and Demography, Joint Research Centre, European Commission EU policy makers have historically paid attention to the diversity of flows, stocks, and the composition of migration in Europe. This has been coupled with alert when such diversity was perceived as representing a burden on specific member states. While ample recognition of this concern has entered into EU legislation mainly as reference to disproportionate pressure, its operationalisation for policy purpose has been ambiguous and unwieldy. This paper looks at another policy area, which has gone through momentous change in recent years, the Economic and Monetary Union, and borrow one of its policy framework to deal with potentially disruptive trends to apply to migration. The Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP), which entered into EU law in 2011, is explored as a way to identify trends that could put the national migration systems under strain, and consequently generate systemic risks for Europe. Borrowing from the literature on resilience, two possible source of concerns are identified, namely structural changes and shocks. The benefits and weaknesses of the MIP are first discussed, and then the potential gains from its application to migration policy are spelled out. The selection and operationalisation of indicators are identified as main problems, both at the methodological and political level. Some proposals to overcome these difficulties are put forward, both in terms of aggregation and political strategies, and the preliminary findings from the activities of the Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography (KCMD) are presented. Free movement of workers and qualifications recognition within regional integration processes: comparative international approaches and experiences Ivan Martín GRITIM (Interdisciplinary Research Group on Immigration) - Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona) Regional economic communities face the challenge to complement the free movement of goods, services and capitals with a framework for the free movement of workers. Globally, different regional economic groupings are approaching this issue of internal labour migration in different ways: whereas the European Union has implemented an ambitious plan complementing free movement of persons and right of establishment throughout the Union with the harmonization of education standards and even an embryonic common employment policy (see Martín 2014), other economic communities are following different approaches, such as SICA (Central American Integration System) and its so-called Group of 4 (G-4), the Pacific Alliance and the Residence Agreement of Mercosur in Latin America, ECOWAS (Economic Community of Western Africa), SADC (Southern African Development Community) and East African Community in Africa 6

9 and ASEAN in Asia. What lessons can be drawn from these experiences? What are the different legal and institutional modalities of free movement of workers adopted? What use do they make of instruments such as free movement of persons protocols, right of establishment, recognition of qualifications, or harmonization of employment and education policies? The proposed background paper will also review how these different integration processes address the issue of skills mobility and recognition of qualifications (including the development of Regional Qualifications Frameworks in SADC or the Caribbean). International organisations and emergence of communities of practice in Central Asian migration governance field Oleg Korneev University of Paris 13 This paper explores contribution of international organizations (IOs) to the development of regional migration governance in post-soviet Central Asia that forms part of the Eurasian Migration System experiencing significant migration dynamics. It builds on my previous research showing that both referent migration IOs such as IOM and UNHCR and non-referent IOs that have relatively recently entered migration terrain play an important role in migration governance across Central Asia. The paper argues that IOs thanks to their active involvement in the production and dissemination of expert knowledge are the major drivers behind the emergence of communities of practice (Wenger 1998) in Central Asian migration governance field. The attention to the communities of practice concept in International Relations has been growing since its appearance in the seminal works of Adler (2008) and Pouliot (2008) building on Bourdieu s theory of practice. Since then, this concept has been applied to research on topics as diverse as EU external relations (Bicchi 2012), international maritime security (Buerger 2013), water resources management (Mukhtarov and Gerlak 2013) and migration governance within the EU (Geddes 2015). Following this research, this paper demonstrates the relevance of the communities of practice paradigm for research on regional migration governance in Central Asia and larger post-soviet region. Empirically, the paper examines relevant dynamics within both Regional Consultative Processes (Budapest Process, Prague Process and Almaty Process) and more informal settings created by IOs. In doing so, the paper builds on my fieldworks in four Central Asian countries Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan in New challenges for the protection of accompanied and unaccompanied minors in the context of migratory flows Cristiana Carletti Roma Tre University The contribution is intended to focus on the new challenges of migratory flows as far as the component of accompanied and unaccompanied minors, demanding for a comprehensive review of the EU primary and secondary law and of EU Member States legislations in force for a better governance of migratory matters, also in relation to the contents of some cooperation agreements and related implementation measures with non EU Countries. The legal status of accompanied and unaccompanied minors is investigated to identify their basic needs, moving from the principle of the best interest of the child, to be accomplished in the view of: proper identification procedures and related age assessment in reception centres for their immediate rescue and for granting them supplementary specialized assistance services and facilities, consultative mechanisms taking into account their age and maturity, the engagement of ad hoc trained personnel including cultural mediators, the appointment of a tutor having proper skills to take care of unaccompanied minors, ad hoc methodologies to trace family members in order to facilitate the implementation of family reunification programmes, the option for assisted and voluntary repatriation according to a case-by-case approach, the creation of a specific data collection system to include all essential information about each case and being accessible to all institutional bodies working in this field at the central and local level. 7

10 12:30 13:30 Lunch 13:30 15:00 Panel 2: Migration governance in South America Chair: Diego Acosta University of Bristol (MIGPROSP) The South American conferences on migration: a regional approach to migration governance Cristián Doña Reveco Universidad Diego Portales Victoria Finn Universidad Diego Portales Mayra Feddersen Universidad Diego Portales This article adds to the migration governance discussion at the global, regional, and national levels by focusing on South American intraregional cooperation. We utilize new Latin American migratory trends and review the South American Conferences on Migration s themes and advances from 2000 to The European Union s free movement of people has attracted much attention but we redirect the focus on South America s distinct characteristics in current steps towards freer intraregional movement. The region comprises South-South migration, emphasizes human rights, has low language barriers, conducts policymaking at the national rather than regional level, and aims to overcome irregular migration rather than create a Single Market. The South American region is well-positioned to encourage continued intraregional circular labor migration. Our analysis serves as a Regional Consultative Process case study and may be useful for other intraregional, South-South, and circular migration cases. Our conclusions suggest further specific research relating regional cooperation to domestic migration policy changes and implementation. Migration governance in South America: rhetoric, substance and sustainability Ana Margheritis University of Southampton For the past three decades, South American countries has attempted to form a common market (and, more recently, a political union), create effective and autonomous regional institutions, and foster mechanisms of power-sharing and decision-making in several policy areas. The attempt to follow the European regional model soon lost track in the context of contested regional leadership, domestic instability, internal disputes, and loose and intermittent cooperation; it did not initially include managing cross-border migration as a priority but this issue, encouraged by economic and social order concerns over increasing intra-regional migration, rapidly paved the way for a normative migration policy consensus developed in the last decade. Migration-related institutional and procedural developments then acquired an independent dynamic and relatively fast pace, although this has not been exempt of contradictions and subject to stop-and-go motion. Thus, the question is: to what extent, and with what implications, does regional migration governance has evolved in South America? And what factors may prompt further development in the long-run? This study traces the answer in the actions and discourses of state and non-state actors, the building blocks of an incipient regional migration policy today, and the prospects of the regional citizenship project. The findings highlight some relatively neglected explanatory factors, such as the role of transnational policy networks and the weak state capacity to effectively regulate migration flows. The conclusions assess to what extent the South American way represent a distinctive model of migration governance; they also suggest some policy challenges and venues for further research. 8

11 Liberalism, populism and shifting political paradigms: regional migration management in South America Luisa Feline Freier Universidad del Pacífico Since the early 2000s, strikingly open discourses and some important initiatives on free mobility and migrants rights have characterised regional migration governance in South America. However, studies that seek to understand both domestic immigration policies and regional migration governance remain scarce. This paper traces the regional ideological paradigm shift that took place from a securitized vision of migration to the populist invocation of a rights-based approach to managing the international movement of people in South America. The paper further traces legislative policy change in Argentina, Ecuador, Peru and Mexico, to assess the impact this paradigm shift had on immigration law liberalisation on the national level, both within the sub-region and beyond. The paper is especially interested in identifying the political key actors and their interests in promoting a rights-based approach to managing migration, and how this new paradigm travels between regional and national levels. In focusing on the interaction between political actors and existing legal and political structures, the paper takes a critical realist approach to analysing regional migration governance in South America. From neoliberal to neoliberal? Regional policies for the movement of persons in Mercosur ( ) Leiza Brumat UADE-CONICET In South America, the regional policies for the movement of persons have evolved in the last two decades. Mercosur, the most important integration process in the region, has developed diverse norms that can be better understood by dividing them into generations. The first ( ), was signed by political and economic neoliberalism and centred in work issues. At the domestic level, restrictive migration policies remained from the dictatorships. From 2002 to 2012, the process focused more on social issues, positive integration and rejected neoliberalism. This generation started with the Residence Agreement, a milestone in regional migration policies, and with the beginning of the South American Conference on Migration, which intensified interaction in the area. Domestic policies started to change after Argentina, the main receiving country, modified its national migration law. The generation of norms ends when Venezuela entered the process and Bolivia signed the Adhesion protocol. At the same time, the political ideology of the governments started to change. Even if still no major norms have been elaborated, discourses seem to be going back in line with the first generation. This work discusses the emergence of a third generation of regional policies for the movement of persons. To do this, it analyses the changes and continuities with the previous generations of norms and argues that the main scenario for this generation could be the maintenance of the status quo, as the existing norms already fulfil the political objectives of the new governments. To explain this, this study will focus not only on the norms but also on their negotiations. 15:00 15:15 Coffee break 9

12 15:15 16:45 Panel 3: Migration governance in Africa Chair: Marcia Vera-Espinoza University of Sheffield (MIGPROSP) Changing migration regimes in Morocco and Tunisia: actors, interests and ideas Katharina Natter University of Amsterdam Immigration policy theories are almost exclusively rooted in the experiences of European or North American countries and bound - explicitly or implicitly - to the Western liberal-democratic context. The paper dissects recent immigration policy-making processes in Morocco and Tunisia, two polities that are not categorized as Western liberal democracies, and asks: To what extent do existing theories capture policy processes in Morocco and Tunisia, and vice-versa, how can these be developed further through a non-western empirical perspective? Since the 1990s, immigration to Morocco and Tunisia from Africa, the Middle East and Europe has increased. The paper analyses the emergence of immigration as a public problem in Morocco and Tunisia and the determinants of subsequent migration policy changes, based on insights gained through semi-structured interviews with a wide range of political and civil society actors in both countries. The analysis highlights inter-institutional dynamics within the Moroccan and Tunisian state apparatus, as well as interactions with a rapidly evolving civil society - all against the background of a changing political landscape in North Africa. It discusses the role of specific state or societal actors in agenda-setting and interest reconciliation processes, assesses the impact of regional and national contexts on policy decisions, and investigates the various ways in which international ideas and norms are integrated into national policymaking. Herewith, this paper hopes to contribute to the ongoing effort in the social sciences to redress the still prevalent Western bias in the literature and to start (re)thinking theories from a novel empirical perspective. Multilevel inter-regional governance of mobility between Africa and Europe: towards a deeper and broader externalization Lorenzo Gabrielli GRITIM (Interdisciplinary Research Group on Immigration) - Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona) This paper analyses the dynamics of the multilevel governance of migration flows between West Africa and Europe. Firstly, I examine bilateral, multilateral and inter-regional frames of cooperation on human mobility. Secondly, I analyse the type of governance emerging from the cooperation, focusing on his main axis - readmission and externalisation of control- and on the tools used to prompt the negotiation, and particularly on the linkage with development and the subsequent emergence of a migratory conditionality in this field. Thirdly, I underline how, during the last decade and more clearly after the recent La Valletta s EU-Africa summit on migration, a hegemonic European securitarian approach of human mobility had spread and has produced a de facto displacement of the Euro-African border. Finally, I consider the consequences of this rise of the immigration issue between Africa and Europe, from the point of view of States as well as people on the move. The drivers of EU external relations of migration in the Mediterranean: the case of Tunisia Luca Lixi University of Sheffield (MIGPROSP) This paper seeks to explain the development of external relations on migration between the EU and Tunisia. It does so by developing an account that analyses the views held by actors - such as political leaders, officials, NGOs and think tanks operating within this regional migration governance system about the causes and consequences of migration. It develops an analytical framework that emphasises the importance of framing effects to the current and future developments of regional migration governance in the Mediterranean. This 10

13 focus allows to analyse policy instruments on external relations as political elements, framed by the understandings of the actors that develop them. The wealth of such policy tools between the EU and Tunisia has led to focusing on this case. This paper suggests that despite many years of relations, the EU and Tunisia have not been able to resolve an intrinsic tension on how they base their policies on contrasting views of causes and effects of migration. The EU s external relation approach is framed by a consideration of pull factors as causes of migration, leading to considering external work on return and smuggling as a necessary deterrent to irregular migration fluxes. In contrast, the external work on migration carried out by Tunisia is framed by considerations on emigration and Diaspora politics, wanting to maximize the benefits of migration for national political and economic development. This paper analyses in what way this tension has driven the development of joint policy instruments of migration governance. The development dimension of EU migration policy C. Ezel Tabur Bentley University of Aberdeen Although the link between international migration and development has traditionally been framed in the context of labour mobility and globalisation, this relationship has expanded over the recent years. Therefore, we increasingly encounter the heterogeneous use of the term development in different contexts of human mobility ranging from economic migration to return migration or in relation to refugee protection policies and politics. This article, while pointing at the generic and contrasting use of development arguments on the subject of international migration, scrutinizes EU level policy-making processes in relation to migration and its development dimension. In particular, there is a discernible knowledge gap regarding the role of the EU in integrating development-related consequences into its migration policy-making processes. The article particularly questions the degree to which the EU has incorporated a systemic oversight mechanism concerning development related consequences of external migration policies. 16:45 17:00 Break 17:00 18:15 Plenary Session Challenges of regional migration governance Chair: Andrew Geddes Migration Policy Centre and University of Sheffield (MIGPROSP) Anna Triandafyllidou Global Governance Programme, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute (EUI) Peter Bosch Joint Research Centre, European Commission Paola Alvarez International Organization for Migration (IOM) Nicola Piper University of Sydney 11

14 Friday 26 th May 9:30 11:00 Panel 4: Subnational dynamics of migration governance Chair: Marcia Vera-Espinoza University of Sheffield (MIGPROSP) The local governance of immigration: policies of exclusion as a battleground Maurizio Ambrosini University of Milan The so-called refugee crisis in Italy has highlighted once more the importance of local societies and local governments for the reception of new immigrants, especially if they are perceived as dangerous, undeserving and welfare scroungers. Many mayors, local governments and political actors have mobilized against the reception of asylum seekers, giving new salience to the concept of local policies of exclusion. The political debate in the last years has focussed mainly on the issue of asylum, obscuring the fact that many other immigrants settle and work in local societies, holding regular permits or not. The paper would like to discuss: 1) how local policies frame asylum seekers and immigrants, in particular emphasizing the local dimension of political exclusion of immigrants: 2) how different types or migrants are actually categorized and received in local societies, distinguishing formal authorization and social recognition; 3) how different kinds of intermediaries favour the settlement of different types of immigrants in local societies, often navigating and also circumventing policies of exclusion. The governance of immigration, especially at local level, can be defined as a battleground, in which different actors take part, according with various economic interests, social bonds, moral values and political beliefs. The practical governance of immigration and asylum is influenced by these different interests and visions. The paper is based on several years of studies conducted in Northern Italy, on irregular immigration, asylum seekers and local policies. Going local in migration governance: the interplay between city, national and regional refugee policy Barbara Oomen European University Institute (EUI) and Utrecht University One of the most salient features of the governance of migration in this day and age is the degree to which (networks of) cities increasingly seek to take global center stage in the welcome and integration of migrants. The Sanctuary Cities in the United States can serve as one example, as can Eurocities, Solidacities and the emphasis on refugees by the Global Parliament of Mayors. In all these cases, cities seek to offer more protection than national policies would call far, often finding justification in international law and support from transnational networks. Whilst these transnational dynamics of city cooperation including cities like New York, London and Paris clearly impact refugee governance, they have received little scholarly attention to date. This contribution examines how such networks contribute to the dynamics of migration governance in Europe and the United States, offering both a comparison of regional practices and a theory of their implications. The rise of cities as independent actors in migration policy adds another layer to the context of constitutional pluralism in refugee welcome and integration, both strengthening regional integration and questioning it. How has such pluralism impacted upon both regional policies, and local practice and what are the theoretical implications? 12

15 The sub-national governance of displacement: against the anti-welfare common sense? Leila Hadj Abdou University of Vienna Conflicts and challenges that have emerged in the wake of the recent refugee crisis have highlighted the important role sub-national actors play for migration management. Regional and local settings were of crucial importance not only at the stage of refugee reception, but sub-national actors also continued to play a major role once a large number of asylum seekers had received protection. Consequently this paper s perspective is on the sub-national level and its interaction with the national level, using the example of welfare policy in Austria. Austria was a major destination country during the 2015 crisis year. While the nation initially exhibited a welcoming response, soon a discursive shift occurred, particularly focusing on alleged welfare abuse by refugees. As a result benefits (targeting refugees) have been limited. The issue of welfare has dominated immigration debates since the 1990s. What is astonishing here, though, is the role of Vienna as the country s outlier. Despite having the highest concentration of refugees the province has kept its inclusive commitment to welfare, a commitment that has been the source of heated political conflict in the country. The paper reconstructs and examines this current debate. It aims to understand the different approaches to the issue, by analyzing in how far welfare is portrayed and understood by key actors at the national and the subnational level as a driver of migration to, and within the country. The paper is based on an analysis of media debates and qualitative interviews with governance actors. When subnational regions take over: a global perspective on regional policy variance in the field of immigrant integration Verena Wisthaler European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano Anita Manatschal Swiss Forum for Migration and Population Studies (SFM) at the University of Neuchâtel Christina Zuber University of Konstanz Research on integration policy has become a salient research topic over the past decade. Most of the conceptual or empirical studies in this field focus, however, on national or local levels of government. Integration policies made by regions in political systems that have an intermediate layer of government still lack systematic scholarly attention, in spite of striking regional policy differences (e.g. Swiss cantons, Italian regions) and bustling regional integration policy making activities (e.g. US states). Comparative research has been hampered by the lack of a common understanding of what integration policy refers to at the subnational level since this understanding depends on the multi-level allocation of powers in each national context. In this article, we develop a common conceptual understanding of subnational integration policies and use it to develop a comparative classification of integration policies in five classical federations (USA, Canada, Australia, Switzerland, Germany) and three functional though not nominal federal systems (UK, Spain, Italy). Our comparative classification is based on an expert survey covering subnational regions in these eight countries, and draws on insights from national research, which often distinguishes three dimensions of integration policy (political, socio-economic and cultural). The article serves as the introduction to a Special Issue edited by the authors on Causes and effects of regional policy variance in the field of immigrant integration. A global comparison. 11:00 11:15 Coffee break 13

16 11:15 12:45 Panel 5: Migration governance in North America Chair: Andrew Geddes Migration Policy Centre and University of Sheffield (MIGPROSP) Up North from El Norte: Canada in North American regional migration system Agnieszka Weinar European University Institute (EUI) Canada has been long seen as a synonym of best practice as regards immigration policy. In its colonial and post-colonial history it developed a variety of instruments to manage inflows of people. It has been long argues that such an effective immigration management has been possible only because of Canada s geographic location, cushioned from the South by the United States and kept safe from unauthorized passage by two Oceans. What has been often overlooked is that the geopolitical position of Canada in North American regional system has influenced the immigration policy decisions of the country for decades. As Pierre Trudeau once noted Canada was like a mouse sleeping in one bed with an elephant; Mexico makes for the other mouse. In this paper I will consider the ways in which North American migration system dominated by US-Mexico bilateral relations has impacted immigration policy decisions in Canada. The guiding question is: how does Canada keep its immigration policy freedom in the face of US pressures, also vis-a-vis Mexico? In the North American context identity politics permeates formal and informal cooperation frameworks. Diplomatic skills and soft power are key to keep sovereignty of policy decisions in the face of an assertive US and thus informal relations are far more important than formal cooperation frameworks. The paper is based on qualitative interviews with government officials in Ottawa and Montreal, policy document analysis and secondary sources. Regional governance in North America: making sense of migration changes in Mexico Nicola Phillips University of Sheffield (MIGPROSP) Marcia Vera-Espinoza University of Sheffield (MIGPROSP) This paper analyses how key actors make sense of changes in migration dynamics in Mexico and reflects on the implications for regional migration governance. Migration in Mexico is a multi-tiered phenomenon (Schiavon 2016). Its geopolitical position makes of Mexico a country of destination, sending, return and transit migration. While the number of people of Mexican origin living in the United States remains high, the net flow of Mexican migrants in the other side of the border has decreased in the last ten years. On the other hand, migration governance in the United States has become more restrictive, meaning that the number of Central American migrants that stay in Mexico and the level of return migration have increased. This paper explores how decision-makers in Mexico make sense of the uncertainties posed by these new dynamics. The understanding of these uncertainties is pivotal to reflect on the role of Mexico within the regional migration system now and in the future, when is likely that migration pressures in the country will increase. The paper draws on 16 semi-structured interviews conducted with key actors in migration decision-making in Mexico in June 2016, as part of the ERC funded project Prospects for International Migration Governance. 14

17 Human rights rhetoric and the good governance of migration crises: challenges to dynamic responses Roeland de Wilde International Organization for Migration (IOM) From late 2015 through 2016, more than 30,000 irregular migrants arrived in Costa Rica while trying to get to the United States or Canada. The government responded with an approach explicitly based on protecting the human rights of migrants by providing a temporary regular status; surprisingly, instead of extending this regularization to work visas, the government chose to create camps, an approach often associated with higher expenses, security risks and internal political debate. The language of human rights and humanitarian assistance seems to have played a central role in positions articulated by key decision-makers, namely the Presidency, the Foreign Minister, the Minister and Deputy Minister of Governance and the Director of the National Emergency Committee and the Director General of Migration and Foreigners. The article draws on structured conversations with several of the key decision-makers to explore how they recall interactions in meetings and of the use of human rights and humanitarian language to argue for positions. The goal is to explore the role of the language of human rights and humanitarianism in making decisions about good migration governance outcomes, and what challenges this might raise in prescribing established solutions for highly dynamic situations. 12:45 13:45 Lunch 13:45 15:15 Panel 6: Dynamics of regional labour migration governance Chair: Nicola Phillips University of Sheffield (MIGPROSP) Migration interdependence and coercion in the Mediterranean Gerasimos Tsourapas University of Birmingham In the context of regional migration governance, how do states attempt to leverage their position as destinations for labour migration in coercive interstate relations, and under what conditions are they successful in producing compliance? I identify how economically-driven cross-border mobility generates reciprocal political economy effects on sending and host states, or migration interdependence. I put forth three arguments. First, a host state may leverage its position against a sending state via the imposition of political economy costs in two ways. It may employ either a strategy of restriction, namely the curbing of remittances and/or the strengthening of immigration controls, or a strategy of displacement, namely the forceful expulsion of a sending state s migrant population. Second, those sending states unable to compensate for such strategies, or vulnerable ones, are more likely to comply with host state strategies that are able to compensate for them, or sensitive ones. Finally, displacement is more effective than restriction in producing compliance. I demonstrate this framework through a least-likely, two-case study design of Libyan and Jordanian attempts at coercion against Egypt in the immediate aftermath of the Arab Spring. Employing within-case analysis, I examine how two weaker Arab states leveraged their position against Egypt, a stronger state but one vulnerable to migration interdependence, through the restriction and displacement of Egyptian migrants. Overall, the paper sheds additional light into the interstate dynamics of labour migration governance in the Mediterranean littoral. 15

18 The economics of the ANZ-Asia-Pacific migration governance system: lessons for the European Union Satish Chand The University of New South Wales, Australia Stefan Markowski The University of Warsaw, Poland International migration governance - comprising both formal and informal rules, agreements, procedures, understandings and compliance mechanisms shared by two or more countries - can be represented as a bior multi-lateral governance system, which aims to enhance the net benefits of cross-border mobility of people for participating nations. It can be modelled as an international economic club of participating states employing diverse forms of club governance. The efficacy of a migration-governance system could be judged, inter alia, by its ability to: Manage inflows and outflows of people to/from and between member states and the rest of the world, border controls, and migrant reticulation mechanisms; Minimise the absorptive friction and costs of immigration; Mitigate costs of emigration for source nations; Support emigrant diasporas; and Resettle refugees and other displaced people from third countries. We argue that Australia, New Zealand together with 11 Pacific and two Asian nations form the ANZ Pacific- Asian Migration Governance System (ANZAP). Australia and New Zealand are renowned for the use of sophisticated migrant selection mechanisms. They also have a trade agreement that permits visa-free mobility of workers between them, and each has separate bilateral agreements with the members in ANZAP to allow quotas of workers to come on temporary basis to work and remit funds home as part of development assistance. While Nauru s and PNG s hosting of asylum seekers diverted from Australia has attracted considerable international notoriety, the enforcement of border controls by Australia has also involved collaboration with Indonesia, to deter irregular inflows of sea-borne immigrants, and the USA to create asylum seeker swapping mechanisms. This paper presents ANZAP as a regional migration governance system with the view to drawing comparisons with and lessons for the EU. Pre-departure orientation programs among the countries of the Colombo process: governing migration through information Graziano Battistella Scalabrini Migration Center The Colombo Process is one of the regional consultative processes to help governing migration. It groups eleven countries of origin in Asia with labour migration flows directed mostly to the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. While the governance of migration by the countries of origin is mostly focused on the regulation of the migration process and the recruitment system, increased attention is given to empowering migrants through appropriate information ranging various aspects, from procedures related to the migration process to cultural aspects, value formation and reintegration. The paper will present a comparative analysis of the PDO programs and offer suggestions for its standardization. It will conclude with considerations on the relevance of information for the governing of migration. 16

19 The uneven migration governance of ASEAN Stefan Rother University of Freiburg Labour migration has become one of the defining features of Southeast Asia, impacting the local, bilateral, transnational and regional level. The governance response has so far been markedly uneven: Some progress has been made on the issues of skilled migrants, but the dominant form of lower-skilled migration is characterized by a glaring governance deficit. While the free movement of skilled labour remains a very distant goal, the recently established ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) has at least initiated measures to ease labour migration for several employment categories. But per the ILO and ADB, the largest absolute labour demand will continue to be for low- and medium skilled jobs in sectors such as trade, transport and construction and will not be met by the domestic workforce. This demand notwithstanding, governance in this area is restricted to a patchwork of bilateral agreements and MOUs. The negotiations on a legally binding Framework Instrument on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers (AIMW) are moving at a snail s pace due to conflicting interests of countries of origin and destination. My contribution will analyse how this governance deficit is addressed by the very vibrant civil society in the region by providing migration governance from below. These networks of networks advocate for a rights-based approach to migration on all governance levels while also often providing specific governance measures on the ground such as legal support, credit assistance or vocational training. Expanding space for migrant civil society thus has the potential to improve regional migration governance. 15:15 15:30 Coffee break 15:30 17:00 Panel 7: Forced migration governance Chair: Diego Acosta University of Bristol (MIGPROSP) Migration governance at the Arab League and organization of Islamic conference Ela Gokalp Aras Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul (SRII) Zeynep Sahin Mencutek Centre for Global Cooperation Research, University of Duisburg Mass refugee movements appear as not only an inherent part of international politics, but also a vital part of the on going transformations in the Middle East and European Union (EU). Research has, thus far, mainly focused on the response of the international community (UNHCR and IOM) and European Union, less attention has been given to those regional entities, specifically those organizations many MENA countries have membership such as Arab League (AL), and Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC). This study tries to shed light on the positioning of these organizations in coping with common refugee issues confronted by member states. It questions actual and potential role of these regional organizations in migration governance, by drawing empirical evidences from humanitarian and political responses to Syria refugee movement. The study argues that there is scope for mobilization of greater attention to refugee governance at the regional level, which suffers from lack of regional asylum mechanisms and having a patchwork of local responses. However, an examination of policies and initiatives introduced by the AL and OIC signal the lack of promising vision, willingness and good record in refugee governance, because of sanctity of member states sovereignty, lack of their adjudicatory body, and regime characteristics of member states. Emphasis on the issue give insights about current state of norm adoption and cooperation in refugee issues. Moreover, 17

20 research on the refugee governance of regions like MENA contributes to discuss to what extent the notion of a single global regime for refugees remain analytically coherent or politically relevant? Refugees, security and the European Union Christian Kaunert Institute for European Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel The main aim of this paper is to analyse the extent and the modalities of the securitization of asylum-seekers and refugees in the European Union (EU). There is a commonly held view in the existing literature that migrants and asylum-seekers have been securitized in the EU, that is, have been socially constructed as security threats. This paper puts forward a more nuanced argument by analytically distinguishing the asylum policy of the EU from its policies on migrants and border controls on the basis of the literature on venueshopping and policy venues. It also makes a distinction between the EU asylum policy and the EU s policy towards asylum-seekers and refugees. The paper argues that the development of the EU asylum policy, far from 'securitizing' asylum-seekers and refugees, has actually led to the strengthening and codification of several rights for these two categories of persons. However, so continues the argument, the securitization of irregular migration had led to a significant strengthening of border controls at the EU external borders, which, in turn, has made it more difficult for asylum-seekers and refugees to access the protection granted by asylum systems in the EU. Thus, security concerns have had mainly an indirect impact. Towards a Euro-regional migration governance? Comparing the political debates on refugees and asylum seekers in the European region Tyrol-South Tyrol- Trentino Alice Engl European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano Verena Wisthaler European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano The proposed paper analyses debates on regional migration governance in the border area between Italy and Austria. It focuses on the two Italian provinces South Tyrol and Trento and the Austrian region Tyrol. The three entities form the European Region Tyrol- South Tyrol-Trentino, which represents an interesting context to analyse regional migration governance. First, the Brenner pass, an important gate in the refugee flow from South to North, runs as state border through the European region. Second, the region has a particular historical identity and a strong transnational cooperation at the sub-state level. Furthermore, the political landscape of the three entities shows political-ideological similarities regarding government and opposition parties. Hence, this article compares the debates on asylum seekers and refugee flows in the three regional parliaments. We assume that the euro-regional framework of cooperation and the political-ideological similarities of governing and opposition parties lead to similar interpretations of the refugee issue. However, the analysis reveals significant differences in the political discourses, such as interpreting the refugee flow as state of emergency requiring humanitarian aid (South Tyrol) versus perceiving it as movement of people requiring integration measures (Tyrol). Thus, institutional cooperation and politicalideological similarities do not necessarily translate into a similar political debate. Instead, alternative explanations, such as institutional or cultural factors, must be identified to account for the differences in the discourses. The empirical results of the article build on a structured qualitative analysis assisted by Atlas.ti of the debates of the three regional parliaments in 2015 and

21 Frontex and asylum-seekers: between securitization and human rights Sarah Leonard Vesalius College, Vrije Universiteit Brussel In the last few years, the European External Borders agency Frontex has become the focal point for the sharp criticisms of pro-migrant and human rights groups for what they see as violations of human rights standards at the external borders of the EU. In particular, there has been significant criticism of the impact of the activities of Frontex on asylum-seekers. As a result, there have been some changes that have sought to reinforce the importance of human rights in the activities of the Agency. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to examine these changes and to assess the extent to and the ways in which they have addressed the criticisms that have been levelled at the Agency. For that purpose, this paper is structured as follows. First of all, the paper presents the activities of Frontex. This analysis underlines the strong emphasis that is being put on security, whereas human rights do not appear to be identified as an important factor to be taken into account in these activities. It also identifies the lack of identification of asylum-seekers as a distinct group with specific needs. Secondly, the paper examines the various criticisms that have been levelled at Frontex with regard to the issue of the respect of human rights, those of asylum-seekers in particular. Thirdly, it analyses the various changes that have been gradually introduced to respond to these criticisms and assesses the extent to which they have addressed those, before drawing some conclusions. 17:00 17:15 Closing Remarks 19

22 Participants (in order of panel appearance) Andrew Geddes is a Professor of Politics at the University of Sheffield, a part-time Professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute and Director of the EUI s Migration Policy Centre (MPC). From September 2017, he will move full-time to the EUI to the Chair in Migration Studies and as Director of the MPC. For the period he holds an Advanced Investigator Grant awarded by the European Research Council for the project Prospects for International Migration Governance. He has published extensively on migration politics and policy. Recent publications include The Politics of Migration and Immigration in Europe (Sage, 2016, with Peter Scholten). Sandra Lavenex is Professor of European and International Politics at the University of Geneva in Switzerland and Visiting Professor at the College of Europe, Natolin Campus. Her research focuses on comparative regional migration and asylum policies, EU refugee policy and external migration policy, the nexus between trade and migration policy, as well as international democracy promotion and EU trade relations with emerging economies. sandra.lavenex@unige.ch Nicola Piper is Professor of International Migration at the University of Sydney where she also is Founding Director of the Sydney Asia Pacific Migration Centre. Her current research interests focus on international labour migration and advocacy politics in relation to global and regional governance as well as the Asia- Pacific region. She is co-founder and Vice-President of the Global Migration Policy Associates and external advisor on migration research to the United Nations Institute for Social Development in Geneva. nicola.piper@sydney.edu.au Eva Dick, PhD, is a Senior Researcher in the Department Governance, Statehood, Security of the German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) in Bonn, Germany. Her research focus is on the formal and informal governance of migration on the local and regional levels, and in the context of urbanization. eva.dick@die-gdi.de 20

23 Diego Acosta is a Senior Lecturer in European and Migration Law at the University of Bristol. He has published widely in the area of European Migration Law, including his book: The Long-Term Residence Status as a Subsidiary Form of EU Citizenship. An Analysis of Directive 2003/109 (Martinus Nijhoff, 2011). He has also co-edited three other books. Dr Acosta is also now working 20% of his time as co-investigator in a five years research project entitled Prospects for International Migration Governance (MIGPROSP). He is now working on a book on South America to be published by CUP. Marco Scipioni Knowledge Centre for Migration and Demography, Joint Research Centre, European Commission Policy Analyst marco.scipioni@ec.europa.eu Ivan Martín, economist, is Researcher at the GRITIM (Interdisciplinary Research Group on Immigration) of the University Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona and Senior Fellow at the FERDI (Foundation pour les Études et Recherches sur le Développement International). Formerly ( ) he has been Part-time Professor at the Migration Policy Centre (MPC) of the European University Institute. Since 2011, he has worked as international labour migration consultant or expert for ILO, IOM, ETF and the DG DEVCO of the European Commission. ivan.martin@eui.eu Oleg Korneev is a Research Fellow at the Centre for Research on Local Action Initiatives (CERAL), University of Paris 13 (France) and Coordinator of the project Contested Global Governance, Transformed Global Governors? International Organisations and Weak States (GLOBALCONTEST) funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR, ). His research interests include international organizations, global migration governance, transfer of expert knowledge, EU-Russia cooperation on migration issues, migration policies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. oleg.vl.korneev@gmail.com Cristiana Carletti is Associate Professor of International Public Law at the Department of Political Science of Roma Tre University. She received several professorship assignments for basic training Courses, Masters and PhDs. She is legal expert at the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. In 2012 she was appointed member of the IDLO Board of Advisers. She is author of several books and articles on specialized reviews covering topics such as IOs law, peace and security, development cooperation, human rights, counter-terrorism, children rights. cristiana.carletti@uniroma3.it 21

24 Cristian Doña Reveco, PhD in Sociology and History, Michigan State University, MA in Political Sciences with a concentration in International Relations, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. He is currently Assistant Professor in the School of Sociology and Director of the Observatorio de Desigualdades at Universidad Diego Portales, Chile. His research interests are on migration decisions, migration policy in the Southern Cone of America (Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay), and the relations between the nation-state and its emigrants. Financed through a grant from the Chilean government is researching recent US and Spanish immigration to Chile in the contexts of expensive and austere globalizations. Ana Margheritis is Reader at University of Southampton, Associate Fellow at the School of Advanced Study, University of London, and Coordinator of the Migration@Soton Research Network. She previously worked and hold visiting positions at highly ranked universities in the US, Europe, and South America. She is the author of four sole-authored books, including Migration Governance across Regions (Routledge 2016); editor of two other volumes and co-author of a seventh. Her peer-reviewed articles on transnational migration, international political economy and foreign policy appeared in a wide range of journals. Luisa Feline Freier is Assistant Professor of Social and Political Sciences at the Universidad del Pacífico (Peru). She holds a PhD in Political Science from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). Her research focuses on immigration and refugee policies in Latin America and South-South migration from countries in Africa, Asia and the Caribbean. Her work has been published by different academic journals, including the International Migration Review (IMR), and she co-edited a first volume on migration policies in Latin America "A Liberal Tide? Immigration and Asylum Law and Policy in Latin America" (2015). lf.freierd@up.edu.pe Leiza Brumat has a PhD in Social Sciences (FLACSO- Argentina), MA in International Relations and Negotiations (UdeSA-FLACSO), MA in Economic International Relations (Universitat de Barcelona), BA in International Relations (UADE). Lecturer in International Relations and Regional Integration in UADE, CONICET postdoctoral research fellow in Buenos Aires, Argentina. She has also been consultant to the International Organization for Migration. She has participated as presenter, organizer and discussant in several academic events. She has published numerous articles on regional integration, migration policies and the free movement of persons in Mercosur. 22

25 Katharina Natter holds a Research Master in Comparative Political Science with a minor in Middle East-North African studies from Sciences Po, Paris. She is especially interested in the politics of migration in Europe and North Africa. Before joining the University of Amsterdam as a doctoral researcher, Katharina has worked for more than two years as a Research Assistant at the International Migration Institute (University of Oxford). She speaks German, French, English and intermediate Arabic. k.natter@uva.nl Dr Lorenzo Gabrielli is a Research Fellow at GRITIM - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and he is also associate researcher at CED, Sciences Po Bordeaux. Recently, he has been visiting researcher at UNU-GCM and senior research fellow at IEMed. Dr. Gabrielli has participated to several European research projects (DiasporaLink; INTERACT; GARNET) and is reviewer for several social sciences journals and publishing house. His main research areas are external dimension of immigration policy, migration and international relations, migration and development and regionalism and regionalization, between others, and his main geographical focus is on Euro-African and Mediterranean spaces. lorenzo.gabrielli@upf.edu Luca Lixi is a Doctoral Researcher at the University of Sheffield. His research is part of the Prospects for International Migration Governance project (MIGPROSP), led by Professor Andrew Geddes. Luca's work focuses on European external migration governance with north African countries, analysing the case of Tunisia. Luca has previously worked for a year in the European Commission on external relations of migration governance, and as a consultant for the European Migration Forum and the Transatlantic Council on Migration organized by the Migration Policy Institute (MPI). He was also visiting researcher at MPI Europe and holds an MSc from the LSE in International Migration and Public Policy. Dr Ezel Tabur is Teaching Fellow at the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Aberdeen. She gained her doctorate at the University of Sussex in Her research interests include migration, EU policymaking and EU neighbourhood. 23

26 Professor Anna Triandafyllidou directs the Cultural Pluralism Research Area of the Global Governance Programme, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute. She is Visiting Professor at the College of Europe in Bruges and Editor in Chief of the Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Peter Bosch works for the European Commission as policy advisor to the Deputy Director General of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. He is working on various subjects shaping the future agenda of the EU, helps to promote the interface between academia and policy (making) with a special interest in the future of cities, the Sustainable Development Goals and migration. He is also closely associated to the work of the Commission's Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography that was launched by the European Commission in June Mr Bosch is advisor to the various international organisations and a member of different commissions working in the area of international migration policy. He also contributes to the work of the Global Parliament of Mayors, METROPOLIS and the Global Forum on Migration and Development. peter.bosch@ec.europa.eu Sandra Paola Alvarez Tinajero is currently Project Development Officer at the International Organization for Migration (IOM) Coordinating Office for the Mediterranean. In this capacity she develops and strengthens collaboration and partnerships with numerous stakeholders for the design and development of regional, inter-regional, and international projects in a wide range of areas, from development to socioeconomic inclusion, to assistance to vulnerable populations and others. Sandra Paola was formerly the Migration and Development Specialist of the Labour Mobility and Human Development Division at IOM Headquarters in Geneva. With a background in anthropology and sociology of development, Paola has ten years of experience conducting research and advising policymakers on migration and development issues, globally, and regionally in Latin America and West Africa. She has also conducted extensive fieldwork with farm and care migrant workers in Sicily, Italy, during her doctoral program. palvarez@iom.int Maurizio Ambrosini is Professor of Sociology of Migration at the university of Milan and chargé d enseignement at the university of Nice-Sophia Antipolis (France). He is also the editor of the journal Mondi Migranti. In English he has published Irregular Immigration and Invisible Welfare (Palgrave, 2013) and edited Europe: No migrants land? (ISPI, 2016). His articles have been published on leading international journals, such as Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Ethnicities, International Migration. Bibliometric indicators: citations 4461; H-index: 33; i-10 index: 96 (Google Scholar, March 2017). 24

27 Barbara Oomen is a Professor in the Sociology of Human Rights at Utrecht University in the Netherlands and a Fernand Braudel Fellow at the European University Institute for the academic years. She works on the localization of international human rights law, and a recent edited volume is Global Urban Justice: the rise of human rights cities (CUP 2016). Her current work focuses on the interplay between local authorities and international human rights law where it concerns refugees, she will start a five-year project titled Cities of Refuge funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research on this interplay in Europe in the summer of Leila Hadj Abdou is a Research Fellow and Associate Lecturer at the Department of Political Sciences of the University of Vienna. From Leila was a Research Fellow at the University of Sheffield; and in 2013/14 she was a Research Fellow at the Centre for Transatlantic Relations in Washington D.C. From held a position as a research associate at the University of Vienna. Leila holds a PhD (2013 from the EUI in Florence. She has also extensive, practical experience in the field of asylum/migration, having worked in 2016/2017 in an NGO supporting unaccompanied minor refugees, and in a centre coordinating educational activities for refugees and professionals supporting refugees. Verena Wisthaler is a Researcher at the Institute for Minority Rights, EURAC - European Academy of Bozen; PhD Political Science, University of Leicester. verena.wisthaler@eurac.edu Agnieszka Weinar is currently a Marie Curie Research Fellow at the European University Institute. She holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of Warsaw in the field of European migration policy. In she was an assistant professor at the University of Warsaw. In she worked as a policy officer on migration issues in the European Commission, DG JLS (HOME). In she was a scientific coordinator at the Migration Policy Centre (EUI) leading EC co-funded research projects focusing on Eastern Europe and integration of migrants. Her current research interests address external and internal aspects of EU migration and mobility policy and North-North migration. agnieszka.weinar@eui.eu 25

28 Nicola Phillips is Professor of Political Economy and the Head of the Department of Politics at the University of Sheffield. She was the Chair of the British International Studies Association (BISA) in , and is a past editor of the journals New Political Economy and Review of International Political Economy. She works in the field of global political economy, with interests focusing on global economic governance, inequality, labour in global production, and migration and development. Nicola is co-investigator in the MIGPROSP project. Dr Marcia Vera Espinoza is a Post-Doctoral Research Associate working on the project Prospects for International Migration Governance (MIGPROSP) in the Department of Politics, University of Sheffield. In her doctoral research she explored the experiences of resettlement of Colombian and Palestinian refugees in Chile and Brazil. In 2014 Marcia was awarded one of eight SIID-ESCR fellowships to be part of the project Latin American Perspectives on the Post-2015 Development Agenda. Dr Vera Espinoza co-administrates the Sheffield Migration Research Network and teaches the MA module the Politics of Global Migration at the University of Sheffield. Roeland de Wilde began his current position as Chief of Mission in Costa Rica for the International Organization for Migration in September 2015, after three years as Special Assistant to IOM's Director General. Mr de Wilde began with IOM in East Timor in 2000 and has since worked in human resources as well as managing IOM's humanitarian assistance in Afghanistan. He has also worked in private wealth management, business intelligence and on independent consulting projects. Mr de Wilde's academic background is in political and economic anthropology with a focus on the informal sector, for which he received a PhD in Anthropology from the London School of Economics. Gerasimos Tsourapas is a Lecturer in Middle East Politics at the University of Birmingham. His research interests include the determinants of authoritarian durability, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa context; emigration and diaspora politics, particularly in the Global South; and the interplay between population mobility and international relations, particularly with regard to forced migration and refugee politics. He was previously a Senior Teaching Fellow in International Relations at SOAS, University of London ( ) and a Visiting Fellow at the Center for Migration and Refugee Studies of the American University of Cairo ( ). 26

29 Satish Chand is Professor of Finance in the School of Business at the University of New South Wales Canberra and an Adjunct Professor at the Australian National University. His research interests include labour migration, land-tenure reform, and entrepreneurship and employment in fragile Stefan Markowski is Professor and Chair of Management at the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow Poland; Visiting Research Professor and the Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw, Poland; and Visiting Professor at the School of Business, University of New South Wales, UNSW Canberra, Australia. His primary field of research is defence economics and management. He is also increasingly involved in migration research. Graziano Battistella is the director of the Scalabrini Migration Center in the Philippines. He was previously with the Center for Migration Studies in New York and dean of studies at the Scalabrini International Migration Institute in Rome. He has a background in political science and ethics. He founded in 1992 the quarterly Asian and Pacific Migration Journal (APMJ). Among his recent publications, he coauthored for IOM the Country Migration Report: The Philippines 2013, and edited the volume Global and Asian Perspectives on International Migration published by Springer in graziano@smc.org.ph Dr Stefan Rother is a researcher and lecturer at the Department of Political Science, University of Freiburg, Germany. His research focus is on international migration, global governance, social movements, regional integration and non- /post-western theories of international relations. He has conducted extensive fieldwork in Southeast Asia as well as participant observation at global governance fora and civil society parallel and counter-events at the UN, ILO, ASEAN and WTO-level as well as the GFMD, European Forum on Migration and World Social Forum on Migration. His latest monograph is Democratization through Migration? (Lexington 2016, with Christl Kessler). 27

30 Dr N. Ela Gokalp Aras works as a Senior Research Fellow at the Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul (SRII). She is also the Vice-Director of the Migration Research Centre of the Association of Development, Migration and Social Policies. She has BA degree in International Relations (2000), MSc (2005) and PhD (2013) in Sociology from Middle East Tech. Uni. Her research and teaching focus on the European integration, EU-Turkey relations, comparative migration and refugee policies, border management, international human rights, research methods and projects. She has been publishing many articles in national and international journals, chapters in several edited national and international books. Prof Dr Christian Kaunert is the Academic Director and Full Professor in Politics at the Institute for European Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussels. He was previously Full Professor of International Politics and Director of the Jean Monnet Centre at the University of Dundee. He was Senior Lecturer at the University of Salford, Senior Marie Curie Research Fellow, European University Institute, and Lecturer at the University of Wales Aberystwyth and the University of Maastricht. He holds a PhD and a MSc from the University of Wales Aberystwyth and a BA (Hons) from Dublin City University. His research evolves around EU Justice and Home Affairs, most notably in asylum and migration policy. Christian.kaunert@vub.be Alice Engl is Senior Researcher at the Institute for Minority Rights at the European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (Italy), PhD in Political Science (University of Innsbruck). alice.engl@eurac.edu Dr Sarah Léonard is the Head of the Department of International Affairs and the Associate Dean for Research at Vesalius College, a US-style, Liberal Arts college in Brussels. She was previously a Senior Lecturer in Politics and the Deputy Director of the European Institute for Security and Justice, a Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence, at the University of Dundee (United Kingdom) and a Marie Curie Research Fellow at Sciences Po Paris (France). Sarah s research focuses on the development of the European Union s internal security policies, especially those relating to asylum, migration and borders, as well as counter-terrorism. sarah.leonard@vesalius.edu 28