Raminta Daukšaitė, presentation at Universidad de Sevilla 26 of March, 2015

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1 Raminta Daukšaitė, presentation at Universidad de Sevilla 26 of March, 2015 Human Rights Título in Lithuania, título título historical título título past

2 Lithuania in map Título of título Europe título título título

3 Lithuanian Grand Título Duchy título título título título

4 Lithuanian Coat Título of Arms título título título título

5 Grand Dukes Título of Lithuania título título título título

6 The King Mindaugas Título título and the título Queen título Morta título

7 Castles of Lithuania Título título Grand título Duchy título título

8 Gediminas s tower

9 Battle of Žalgiris (Grunwald ) in Lithuania and Poland reunion against Teutonic Order Grand Master of the Teutonic Order Ulrich von Jungingen Lithuanian duke Vytautas

10 Union of Lublin Título in 1569 título título título título

11 Coat of Arms Título of Commonwealth título título título título

12 Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Rzeczpospolita)

13 The three partitions of Rzeczpospolita. 1772, 1793, 1795

14 Lithuanian press ban One of the first official edicts in Cyrillic alphabet, delivered by Alexander II. Speaking Lithuanian strictly forbidden

15 Lithuanian book Título smugglers. título título título título

16 Lithuanian book smugglers museum. Audrius Daukša guide, active public figure

17 World War I. Germans occupying Lithuania in 1915

18 Act of Independence of Lithuania on February 16, members of Council of Lithuania. Vilnius conference

19 Authoritarian Título period título título título título Antanas Smetona, the first and last president of independent Lithuania during the interwar years. The period is often known as "Smetona's time".

20 Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, August 23rd, 1939 Joachim von Ribbentrop Joseph Stalin Vyacheslav Molotov

21 First Soviet occupation, August 30, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia gets freed

22 Soviet troops marching in Lithuania, 1940

23 Sovietization Título of Lithuania título título título título Nationalization of lands, private property, banks, larger enterprises; Religious, cultural, and political organizations were banned; Only one party - the Communist Party of Lithuania; An estimated 12,000 "enemies of the people" were arrested; During the June deportation campaign people (mostly former military officers, policemen, political figures, intelligentsia and their families) were deported to Gulags in Siberia. Many deportees perished due to inhumane conditions; 3,600 were imprisoned and over 1,000 were killed. [25]

24 Communist regime

25 June deportation Título to título Siberia, título 1941 título título

26 German troops landing in Lithuania 1941, June

27 German Wehrmacht bicycle troops march through the streets of Lithuania, following the retreating Soviet Army

28 Holocaust in Lithuania, Burning synagogue. Killing jews

29 Holocaust in Lithuania, Burning synagogue. Killing jews Before the Holocaust Lithuania was home to a disputed number of Jews: 210,000 according to one estimate, 250,000 according to another. About 90% or more of the Lithuanian Jews were murdered, one of the highest rates in Europe.

30 Vladas Zajančkauskas (December 27, 1915 August 5, 2013) Título searched título in título USA for título Nazi crimes título Vladas Zajančkauskas was a 21-yearold Lithuanian soldier who had been press-ganged into the Soviet army and then captured as a prisoner of war by the Germans. He claims that at first he refused to become a prison guard for them and so was brutalised. "They took us, told us to take our pants off and put our heads in barrels and beat us with whips. And the whips were made of flexible wire and leather. They killed my friend right there," he said.

31 Second Soviet Título occupation título título ( ) título título

32 Second Soviet Título occupation título título ( ) título título 1941 and at least 130,000 people, 70% of them women and children, were forcibly transported to labor camps and other forced settlements in remote parts of the Soviet Union. These deportations do not include Lithuanian partisans or political prisoners (approximately 150,000 people) deported to Gulags (prison camps). Approximately 28,000 of Lithuanian deportees died in exile due to poor living conditions. After Stalin's death in 1953, the deportees were slowly and gradually released. The last deportees were released only in Some 60,000 managed to return to Lithuania, while 30,000 were prohibited from settling back in their homeland.

33 Deportations Título to Siberia título título título título

34 Partisan movement Título título ( ) título título título

35 The main city square with bodies of partisans. Partisan movement ( )

36 The main city square with bodies of partisans. Partisan movement ( ) Approximately 20,000 Lithuanian partisans participated in unsuccessful warfare against the Soviet regime in the 1940s and early 1950s. Most were killed or deported to Siberian gulags. During the years following the German surrender at the end of World War II in 1945, between 40 and 60 thousand civilians and combatants perished in the context of the anti-soviet insurgency. More ethnic Lithuanians died after World War II than during it.

37 Lithuania in soviet Título times título título título título

38 Human rights violations in Soviet era ( ) The regime abolished Western rule and protection of law, civil liberties and guarantees of property: Cultural suppression arts, literature; Suppressed freedom of political and scientific expression; Suppressed freedom of religion (atheism promotion); Law was regarded as an arm of politics and courts were regarded as agencies of the government (deportations, prisons, torture); No freedom of movement; Suppressed political rights, the right to vote (one party regime); Suppressed freedom of assembly and association (workers were not allowed to organise trade unions, all organisations were political); Collectivisation, no private property.

39 NIJOLĖ SADŪNAITĖ

40 The trial of Nijolė Sadūnaitė Received a three year sentence in a strict regime camp to be followed by a three year exile from Lithuania. She was confined to a Mordovian camp and after serving her sentence was sent into exile to Boguchany, Krasnoiarsk territory (Siberia). At the time of her trial on June 16-17, 1975, was 37 years old. She was arrested in The "crime" of Sadūnaitė was typing of some articles in The Chronicle of the Catholic Church of Lithuania (periodical). At her trial she said she was happy to suffer for helping to publish something that fought against the tyranny. Declared prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International, she has received international attention, though not all letters or packages mailed to her. In very poor health she now is serving her term in exile. LITUANUS. LITHUANIAN QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, USA, 1979

41 Nijolė Sadūnaitė in AI publication. Parcels and printed matter sent to Nijole Sadunaite (who is in exile in Boguchany) from abroad are systematically stopped at customs and returned to the senders (page 78)

42 Lithuanian Helsinki Group A dissident organization active in the Lithuanian SSR, in It was the first human rights organization in Lithuania. The group published over 30 documents that exposed: religious repressions, limitations on freedom of movement, political abuse of psychiatry, discrimination of minorities, persecution of human right activists, other violations of human rights in the Soviet Union. Most of the documents reached the West and were published by other human rights groups. Members of the group were persecuted by the Soviet authorities..

43 Independence movement, Rebirth ( )

44 48th anniversary of Molotov-Ribbentrop pact (23 of August, 1987). N. Sadūnaitė main speaker

45 Defamation article about Nijolė Sadūnaitė. The enemies of our new life and our future

46 Juozas Valiušaitis Rebirth activist, photoartist, Título active título public título figure título título Starting from year 1991, J. Valiušaitis published over 100 exhibitions in Lithuania and foreign countries. One of the main photographic fields society upraisings against injustice, liberation movements. J. Valiušaitis is a famous photoartist in Ukraine, activist in Ukraine s Orange Revolution and Ukraine s freedom movement nowadays.

47 The first Rebirth s meeting in Kaunas, 2nd of August, 1988 (Juozas Título título Valiušaitis título photograph) título título