Unit 7 Graphic Organizer. Standard 17 Great Depression Standard 18 New Deal Standard 19 World War II

Transcription

1 Unit 7 Graphic Organizer Standard 17 Great Depression Standard 18 New Deal Standard 19 World War II

2 Causes and Consequences of the Great Depression (17A) Overproduction Industries increased their production to sell more goods. A reduction in buying resulted in too consumer many products left that business could not sell. Business had to reduce the number of workers due to loss of profits. Under-Consumption WWI With cash to spend after Americans went on a spending. spree With consumer credit being available consumers were encouraged to spend more. After Crash people the Stock Market quit spending except for, necessities which created a of goods. surplus

3 Stock Market speculation & the stock market crash in 1929 (17A) The Stock Market Speculation was the idea that if an individual invested in stocks they could get rich quick. began to buy and sell Speculators stocks quickly to profit from the rising market. Buyers were allowed to purchase with as little as stocks 10% down. That was called buying on margin. When prices fell, these stock buyers were in debt to their stockbrokers with no way to pay what they owed. A system naturally has dips in capitalist the economic cycle. The events of the 1920s helped cause the Stock Market Crash in Crash

4 Causes of the Dust Bowl & migration west (17B) Overfarming Year after year farmers continued to farm despite the of crops. failure Deep plowing killed the grass prairie that held together the. A topsoil which was the worst in US drought history, covered 75% of the country clouds affecting 27. states Dust formed, dust storms occurred and the drought lasted 10 years. Westward Migration A large group of sharecroppers and tenant farmers left farms in,, and Oklahoma Texas eastern Colorado and moved to California and farmed in the vegetable, fruit and cotton farms. The migrants became known as Okies and were the subject of John Steinbeck s book, The Grapes of. Wrath

5 Dust Bowl and migration west of Okies (17B)

6 Social and political impact of widespread unemployment that led to Hoovervilles (17C) Social Impact 2 million homeless people. Women fired to give men jobs. Men left families to look for work/many did not return out of. shame Homeless families loved in cardboard boxes and packing crates. These communities became known as Hoovervilles. Public assistance and private charities were overwhelmed by the numbers of those who needed help.

7 President Hoover s response to the Depression (17C) Hoover tried to create work relief Golden programs, such as the Gate Boulder Bridge and Dam, now called the Hoover Dam) He attempted to slow home foreclosures by guaranteeing home government through the federal. loans His programs appeared to the public as too little late, too. He was reluctant to involve the government in the economic crisis. In 1932, he ran for re-election, but lost to Franklin D. Pres Hoover Franklin D. Roosevelt Roosevelt defeated Hoover in Roosevelt.

8 Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal as a response to the Great Depression (18A) FDR used the name New Deal to refer to his series of funded programs to end the government- Great Depression The New Deal created jobs and. relief provided for people struggling during this crisis. However, these programs did not end the WWII Depression. The outbreak of and the war brought an end to production demand during the economic the crisis. FDR s plan was to give relief recovery to those struggling the most, for the economic systems damaged by the economic crisis, reform so that there would not be another and. Great Depression

9 New Deal Programs (18A)

10 Explain the Social Security Act/Second New Deal (18B) Entering his 2nd term, FDR felt a Second New Deal was needed. Because citizens did not senior benefit from the first New Deal and they did not have pensions or the opportunity to they needed work help. The Security Act Social was signed in 1935 to provide old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to the. disabled

11 Challenges to FDR s leadership and New Deal Programs (18C) president challenges Roosevelt served 12 years as. He faced many and had many critics. Opponents of the New Deal included conservatives and. Some critics said he made the government too, liberals large enough while others felt he did not do. One main critic was Senator Huey P. Long. He felt the New Deal did not go far enough to help people and presidency in 1936, but was he had planned to challenge FDR for the Share the Wealth This plan assassinated. Long proposed what he called. would guarantee a household for each family in the U.S., which income taxes wealthiest would be paid for by high on the Americans. In effect, the plan would take from the rich and give to the. poor

12 Court Packing Bill (18C) The Supreme Court declared two pieces of legislation as unconstitutional. One New Deal was the National Recovery Act, Industrial which guaranteed fair wages and hours for workers. The other was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was going to grant subsidies to farmers to cut their production in order to stabilize crop prices. The Supreme Court struck down these two programs b/c they were federal perceived as overreach into the operations of private businesses. FDR planned to add enough justices to the Supreme Court to uphold his New Deal Programs. Even his long-time supporters criticized this controversial proposal. New Deal This opposition began to sour the nation on the.

13 Eleanor Roosevelt s role as First Lady including development of New Deal Programs to help needy (18D) Eleanor Roosevelt set many precedents as First Lady. She was interested in humanitarian social causes and progress. Mrs. minorities Roosevelt worked on reforms to help poor She traveled throughout the U.S. to and the. observe conditions so she could keep the president nation informed as to the state of the. FDR referred to Eleanor as, his legs since he was crippled by the effects of polio women Blacks She worked. She was a vocal advocate for both and. discrimination women s on ending and was a supporter of activism. She government convinced FDR to appoint more women to positions. She was Nations known as the First Lady of the World due to her service w/the United.

14 Origins of U.S. involvement in WWII, Lend Lease, and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (19A) The U.S. took a cautious approach when WWII broke out in. Europe The rise dictators who wished to expand their power was a U.S. concern, however many of, conflict Americans were It was reluctant to get involved in this European. not until attacked the U.S. at that Americans united Japan Pearl Harbor America s entry into the war. Congress had passed a series of in their support for arms or make laws after WWI that made it illegal to sell neutrality loans to nations at war. In 1939, as the threat of Nazi power increased, the Neutrality Act permitted the sale of materials, including, arms to nations at war on a cash and carry basis. This meant that buyers would have to pay cash and send their own ships to American ports to pick up these supplies. The cash and carry Harbor Congress passed the provision lasted until Nine month prior to Pearl Lend- Act, which created a way the U.S. could support the Lease British war effort, even though they were short on cash.

15 U.S. involvement in WWII continued (19A) Japan was a resource-poor nation and Asia for its own desired to conquer all of embargo use. The U.S. placed an on fuel selling airplane parts and aviation to threatened Japan. The Japanese felt by the U.S. To prevent any counter attack, as they continued to take over parts of Asia, they felt it necessary to destroy the Pacific American fleet based at Pearl Harbor. December 1941 Japan On 7, attacked Pearl Harbor. The attack brought the U.S. World War II officially into. Over 2,400 Americans were killed, 19 ships were damaged aircraft were destroyed., 300

16 The Pacific Theater and difficulty of supplying the war effort, Battle of Midway, Manhattan Project (19B) Pearl Harbor The U.S. entered WWII after the attack at. American forces theaters Europe fought on two of war--in the Pacific and in. Fighting in the Pacific Theater presented strategic difficulties because the Pacific resources distance across the was so great. The allocation of to the Pacific was limited until the U.S. s industrial capacity could catch up with demand. In the Pacific Theater some of the challenges were: infrastructure Little or no to transport and store supplies spoiled Climate was difficult to manage and food Allied hopping across These conditions led to the policy of island- islands that served as landing strips. weapons food The Pacific Theater presented challenges in delivering,, and medical supplies to the region during WWII.

17 Battle of Midway (19B) The Battle of Midway was a point in WWII in the turning Pacific Theater of the war. Midway refueling was an American station for ships and airplanes. The battle of Midway is regarded as the most important naval engagement of the Pacific campaign. The United States destroyed 4 Japanese aircraft carriers while losing only one American. The success was a huge boost carrier morale for the U.S. and the never recovered from this defeat. Japanese

18 Manhattan Project/Dropping of Atomic Bombs (19C) secret Manhattan The Project was a code name for a research atomic project whose goal was to build an weapon. One of the research labs invasion Los Alamos facility in New Mexico. Plans for an Allied was the of Japan were underway, but estimates suggested there could be as many as 1 casualties Los Alamos million. The atomic bomb was successfully built at Hiroshima and two working bombs were used against the cities of and Nagasaki, which convince the Japanese to surrender. The use of the bombs invasion eliminated the need for a land of the Japanese mainland--thus American lives. Two results of using the atomic bomb were: saving countless Japan The surrender of was secured, and WWII ended. arms The development of the bomb spurred a new and more dangerous race between the U.S.S.R. and the U.S.

19 The European Theater /difficulties the U.S. faced delivering weapons, food, and medical supplies to troops (19C) Fight in the European Theater also presented challenges. To supply the European Allies, it was Atlantic necessary to cross the Ocean, which took between days. convoy The U.S. used the system to protect Allied shipping along the way. aircraft military American ships were attacked by German and cargo along the way. The American ships and their was needed to feed and the Allied soldiers and civilian population. supply

20 Continue (19C) D-Day One of the most significant events in the European Normandy Theater was the invasion of, D-Day France, which is often called. This victory began the Allied advance to reclaim Europe. D-Day was the codename for the first Operation day of Overlord, the Allied invasion Nazi of -occupied France. It remains the largest seaborne invasion in history, with over English Channel in 156,000 men crossing the 6,939 vessels. British As a result of the operation s success, American and forces were able beachhead to maintain a permanent from which to resupply their forces and Germany The geographic advantage gained by the invasion push east into. victory marked the beginning of for the Allies in Europe.

21 The Fall of Berlin (19C) Berlin The Battle of was one of the final battles of the Soviet European Theater. Two army groups attacked Berlin from east the and south, while a third attacked German forces north Berlin the German capital. of, bloodiest The battle was one of the in history. Adolf Hitler was in Berlin suicide during the battle, he and many of his followers committed. The city s 1945 but fighting continued outside the city defenders surrendered on May 2,, V-E until the formal German surrender, known as Day, ended the war May 8, 1945.

22 The domestic impact of WWII/war mobilization, rationing, wartime conversion, role of Women & Blacks (19D) total When the U.S. fully and officially engaged in WWII, the nation went into Production war effort. To efficiently supply the war effort FDR created the War production and allocation Board. Its responsibility was to regulate the of war war materials and fuel. Civilian industrial plants began producing goods rather than consumer goods. Plants that produced silk ribbons instead produced parachutes machine, typewriter plants produced guns. Ford and General Motors produced airplanes, tanks, trucks, and artillery pieces. rationing began in Items such as, sugar meat,, butter Food coupons (also known as rationing canned vegetables and fruits all required stamps). Some families planted Victory Gardens to supplement their diets. gasoline Rationing of, sugar, and tires cause hardships, but most Americans bore the hardship with good spirit.

23 The role of Women and Blacks in WWII (19D) Women served in many different capacities during the war. 216,000 women served in various of the Armed Services. To meet the demand for branches workforce labor, the U.S. government campaigned to lure women into the. The Rosie the Riveter to government created a fictional ideal woman known as appeal to women s. Women worked in munitions, patriotism aircraft plants, shipyards, and as and secretaries. By the end of the war, 18 million clerks work women had entered the force. Black workers were denied access to jobs. Many employers refused to hire Black workers. A. Philip defense Randolph Brotherhood created the of Sleeping Car porters to fight. He met with FDR to urge his administration to take action to discrimination armed desegregate the forces and end discriminatory hiring practices in defense industries. The administration the request. New denied strategies by these Black leaders in 1941, caused FDR to reconsider this request.

24 Rosie the Riveter and women in the military (19D)

25 FDR s use of executive powers/integration of defense industries and internment of Japanese-Americans (19E) President Roosevelt s used executive orders during WWII to quickly implement measures that Congress might have failed to pass. integration of Two examples were the defense industries and the internment of Japanese-Americans after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Randolph began the A. Philip March on Washington movement forcing Roosevelt to act on discriminatory practices. After meeting with Randolph and NAACP the head of the and fearing a race riot might occur, Roosevelt executive prohibiting issued an order discrimination on the basis of race on government contracted jobs.

26 Internment of Japanese-Americans (19E) FDR was prompted to issue an executive immigrants order related to. The U.S. worried that its large immigrant Italians population of, Germans, and Japanese security would pose a Axis risk in the event of war with the Powers. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, many Americans believed that the disaster was the result of collusion Japanese between -Americans living California in. Executive In Order 9066, 110,000 Japanese-Americans were removed from their homes and whole families were relocated to high desert regions of the businesses and farms. American west. Many lost their homes,,