Population and Migration

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Population and Migration"

Transcription

1 Population and Migration Medieval and early-modern population growth: Sunderland was described in 1565 as in great decay of building and inhabitants. Its parishes together, by Pilkington s account, had a population of, at most, about 1, A survey taken in 1548 had noted in Bishopwearmouth parish 700 housling people (those taking Anglican communion), and 300 in Monkwearmouth. Including those children too young to be communicants, on this count there were perhaps 1,250 inhabitants, a figure consistent with Pilkington. The decay in 1565 is an indication of declining numbers since the Middle Ages, and it is possible that before the Reformation, and in particular during the heyday of Wearmouth monastery, population stood rather higher. 2 Numbers rose sharply after 1600, especially around the port. Migrants in the early 17 th century included Scots, and foreign merchants. It is apparent from probate documents that some Sunderland residents had property, family or charitable interests in rural parts of Co. Durham and Yorkshire, indicating places from which they may have originated. Landless labourers in the outer townships were also drawn to the port, as the growing coal trade offered opportunities to replace those lost when farmland was inclosed. By the 1660s, the Wearmouth parishes counted among the most densely populated in the whole of Co. Durham. 3 Relying on estimates drawn from imprecise and sometimes ambiguous records made for other purposes, population numbers are difficult to establish with confidence before national censuses began in Hearth taxes in the 1660s and 1670s counted households, not individuals. Nor are they complete, most obviously ignoring a significant number of non-taxpayers in Sunderland borough in Even with such failings, the hearth tax offers an insight into population which other pre-19 th century sources rarely match. The 1666 hearth tax recorded 686 households in the two Wearmouth parishes (excluding families in the borough not liable to pay). Using a multiplier of 4.75, a rough and ready means of converting households to individuals, produces a population figure of 3, Eighteenth-century population: During the eighteenth century, the Durham diocese several times attempted to survey the population, notably in 1736 and in The responses were not complete. In Monkwearmouth in 1774, the minister admitted that he could not say with any certainty how many dissenters were in his parish. 5 The Durham historian William Hutchinson attempted a more systematic approach, counting burials recorded in parish registers, and, based on a notional average annual death rate in England of one in 30, applying a multiple of 30 to the year s total. So from 83 burials noted in 1681 in the Wearside parishes, he calculated a population of 2,490; in 1781, adding together 153 burials in Bishopwearmouth, 382 at Holy Trinity, Sunderland,

2 and 163 at Monkwearmouth, he reckoned 20,940. Hutchinson averaged the figures over 20 years to smooth out abnormalities, but even so, his figures are questionable. The multiplier is crude, and no account was taken of underregistration of deaths, potentially significant when many men were seafarers and disappearance at sea was quite common, nor of nonconformist burials. Hutchinson did, though, grasp the general dimension of the increase and his figures fit reasonably well into the long-term trend. 6 Indeed the pattern was unmistakable, both to contemporaries and to those in the nineteenth century reviewing the increases over two centuries. There had been considerable growth, a great expansion in the physical limits of the builtup area, and in trade. Causes were complex, but clearly the area attracted many migrants from the surrounding countryside and from further afield, a key factor in population growth. Keelmen and seafarers were most likely to have originated elsewhere, shown in the repeated efforts through local associations and formal legislation to provide charitable support for distressed keelmen and seamen who had no right of settlement, hence no entitlement to poor relief for themselves or their families, in the places where they lived. This was the case on both the Tyne and the Wear: in All Saints parish, Newcastle, it was said in 1770 that more than half the 1,200 keelmen were of Scottish origin, and had been forced to set up a fund for their own welfare. 7 Nothing so clearly describes the Wear men, but they were probably of very diverse origins. The rate books of Holy Trinity, Sunderland, suggest that many local people had no right of settlement in the parish. The preamble to an Act of 1792 for establishing a permanent fund to relieve and support sick and aged skippers and keelmen employed in the Wear coal trade, and their widows and children, argued that the burden was beyond what individual parishes could offer because sufficient provision is not made for their support. 8 Such problems were made more acute by an impressive rate of population growth. Between the 1660s and early 1800s, the population of the three Wear parishes had multiplied eight-fold. Newcastle, in contrast, had little more than doubled, albeit from a much higher starting figure of around 14,000, to about 28-30,000. Sunderland s three parishes at the Restoration had perhaps a fifth of Newcastle s population, and by 1800 almost matched it. 9 Together the Tyne and the Wear showed the most concentrated long-term process of urbanization in the far northern parts of eighteenth-century England, almost entirely because of the coal trade, and were the only urban clusters in the northern region with over 10,000 inhabitants. 10 Of the three parishes, it was Sunderland which achieved the most spectacular expansion over two centuries. In Bishop Chandler s survey of 1736, the number of families was ten times that found in the 1660s. Parish status was awarded in 1719 for that very reason, because the township already housed about 6,000 residents. Its population had nearly doubled again by The two less populous parishes, by contrast, produced their greatest increases in the eighteenth century, with Monkwearmouth s population showing a four-fold growth by 1801, and Bishopwearmouth not far behind. The consequences were that Holy Trinity (Sunderland) had two thirds of the people living near the mouth of the Wear in the 1730s, but less than half by the time of the first

3 census. 11 The Wearmouth Bridge, opened in 1796, was therefore essential in integrating the increasing population settled on both sides at the mouth of the river, creating a cohesive urban area in all but name. Given the constraints of space in the already crowded parish of Holy Trinity, the future expansion of both business and housing could be accommodated only further up river, and particularly on the relatively open lands on the north bank. Population and migration since 1800: Like most British cities with roots in heavy industry, Sunderland grew rapidly from a modest base during the nineteenth century. Before single administrative districts were created the parliamentary borough in 1832 and the slightly smaller municipal borough in 1835 the town was an urban agglomeration of three parishes. In 1801 these parishes had a combined population of 26,511, of whom 47 per cent lived in the central parish of Sunderland, or Holy Trinity, now known as the East End. The town s population rose very slightly to 27,603 in 1811 and to 33,911 in 1821, by which time just 43 per cent lived in Sunderland parish, which nonetheless remained the most densely-populated sector of the town for many decades to come. 12 In 1835 the town was designated as a municipal borough, and the basis of population calculations changed as the municipal boundary was extended several times over the next century and a half. In this section the population figure for the municipal borough as it existed at the time of the particular census in question is taken as the basis for calculations wherever possible. In contrast, Fig XX shows figures over the nineteenth century for the three parishes, the boundaries of which remained fixed. By 1851 the population of the borough had grown to 63,897, an increase of almost 40,000 people over the first half of the nineteenth century. The town of Sunderland had by then become more than twice the size of Durham city, Gateshead, Hartlepool or South Shields, the next most important centres in the county. Between 1851 and 1901, although the rate of growth from this enlarged base was slightly smaller, in absolute terms the population increased by over 80,000, to a total of 146,077. During the twentieth century the population of the borough almost doubled again, to 280,807 in 2001, although this growth is largely attributed to boundary extensions in The population of the Sunderland urban area in 2001 was considerably smaller than that of the city overall, at 182,974. In comparative terms Sunderland was the 16 th largest town in England in 1801, and the 19 th largest in In 1981 it scored either 11 th or 25 th, depending on whether the pre- or post-1974 boundary is taken. These comparisons indicate the limited value of such data as indicators of economic growth. Sunderland s main economic boom came between 1850 and 1920, with a limited revival of its staple coal and shipbuilding industries in Urban population statistics thus reveal more about boundary changes than they do about growth. Sunderland was nonetheless one of about two dozen British urban centres which grew rapidly in the industrial era, its pattern of growth down to 1914 very typical of this group. During the past century, along

4 with the other urban centres of north-east England, its pattern has diverged somewhat from wider national trends. Like most urban centres in nineteenth-century Britain, Sunderland s growth came predominantly from migration within the region. Less typically, this characteristic has become more pronounced in the twentieth century, as its economic status made the North East less attractive than other English conurbations, to migrants from other regions. In 1851, 73 per cent of the town s population was Co. Durham-born, rising to 85 per cent in 1911 and almost 90 per cent in If the neighbouring counties of Northumberland and Yorkshire are added in, these figures rise to 84 per cent in 1851 and 93 per cent in Some of the population increase was an outcome of earlier marriage, larger families and later in the nineteenth century declining infant mortality rates in urban areas. In Sunderland in 1851, 46 per cent of the population was under the age of 20, rising in 1871 to 48 per cent. In contrast, the figure for 1951 was 33 per cent and for per cent. Sunderland thus grew from a small trading port into a large industrial town mainly on the basis of ruralurban migration within the region, supported by higher birth rates. In the censuses of , the number of females recorded amounted respectively to 58, 57 and 56 per cent of the population, reflecting the impact which the absence of sailors from home could have on what was still a fairly small town with a heavy dependence on the sea. By 1861 the proportion of females had fallen to 51 per cent, at which level it has since remained. Longer-distance inward migration made a relatively minor contribution to Sunderland s population growth, but it was not negligible. The main source of such migration into English cities during the nineteenth century was Ireland, with a population early that century which was much larger in relation to England than was later the case (1:4, falling to 1:10 by 1901). The great famine of the late 1840s was the main cause of the Irish exodus, although from 1815, Irish emigration reached significant levels, as rapid population growth there outstripped economic development. The Irish-born population already comprised 4.1 per cent of inhabitants of Sunderland parish in 1841, and reached 8.8 per cent in In that year, over 35 per cent of people in one small enumeration district close to the river and the newly-built docks were Irish- or Scottish-born; in a cluster of three nearby districts, the figure was around 20 per cent. 14 The proportion of Irish-born in the municipal borough overall was at its highest level in 1851, at 5.8 per cent. In 1861, with 4,935 people (5.4 per cent), it reached its largest number. This was scarcely on the scale of Liverpool, where Irish-born accounted for 22 per cent of the population in 1851, and Sunderland never featured in a top twenty list of Irish towns in Britain based on percentages. But in absolute numbers it was ranked 17 th in 1851 and 16 th in By 1891, the Irish-born population of Sunderland had fallen to 2,554 (1.9 per cent) and by 1911 to 1,268 (0.8 per cent). Since the First World War the proportion of Irish in the town and city has remained steady, less than half of one per cent. As elsewhere, the selfidentified Irish community continued to grow for at least two or three generations after the migration level had peaked, but by 2001 the percentage

5 of Sunderland s population who regarded themselves as ethnically Irish had declined to a mere 0.3 of one per cent, lower even than the 0.4 per cent born in Ireland. Immigration from Scotland was also a factor in Sunderland s population growth. It never quite reached the level of Irish migration during the famine years, peaking in 1861 at 4.5 per cent of the borough s population. But in the long run the volume of Scottish settlement was greater, probably because of the greater proximity of Scotland and the relative ease of travel. Scotland also possessed a greater reservoir than Ireland of both shipping and shipbuilding skills, which were Sunderland s main labour requirements. By 1881 the number of Scots-born in the town, at 4 per cent, exceeded the number of Irish, and throughout the twentieth century Scottish numbers were always at least double those of the Irish, holding steady at 1 per cent of the population throughout the second half of the twentieth century. A Welsh presence, though not insignificant in the nineteenth-century growth of the north-east region, was never great in Sunderland, remaining at 0.2 per cent of the population, or very slightly more, throughout the twentieth century. The Jewish community in Sunderland followed a similar pattern. A rabbi and small congregation were established in the town by the late-eighteenth century, and in 1832 Sunderland s Jews became the first local community in England to have representation on the Board of Deputies. But the main Jewish population growth in the town came in the three or four decades following 1870, most of the newcomers coming from the coast of what is now Lithuania, near Memel. Ships returning to Sunderland after exporting coal to the eastern Baltic provided a direct route from this area. At its peak during the inter-war period, the Jewish community in the town, mostly by then the sons and daughters of immigrants, totalled around 2,000. Charles Slater, greatgrandson of a Lithuanian Jew, was leader of Sunderland council for most of the 1970s and 1980s. Since the 1960s, the community has declined: only 114 practising Jews were recorded in Sunderland in 2001, falling to fewer than 30 over the following five years. Some had emigrated to Israel, but the majority sought more buoyant Jewish communities and perhaps also more buoyant economic regions elsewhere in England. 16 Immigration into Sunderland tailed off earlier than in most major urban centres in England. As early as 1911, 73 per cent of the population was Sunderlandborn, while by 1951 the proportion born in the county was almost 90 per cent. In contrast, Belfast, another shipbuilding town with a similar though larger scale growth pattern, had only 39 per cent of its 1901 population locallyborn (rising to 64 per cent in 1926, and 74 per cent in 1951). 17 Indeed Tyne and Wear and Greater Belfast were the only major conurbations in the United Kingdom which scarcely experienced the next major wave of immigration, from the New Commonwealth post Between 1921 and 1961 the proportion of Sunderland s population born outside the United Kingdom rose only from 0.6 per cent to 1.4 per cent. Over the next thirty years this proportion remained static. Although rising between 1991 and 2001, from 1.5 to 2.5 per cent, it remained far lower than the national average. Recent censuses have included an additional question regarding individuals

6 subjective sense of ethnic identity. Using this indicator, Sunderland s selfdefined Black, Asian and mixed race population in 1991 was 1 per cent, rising to 2.1 per cent in This contrasted with national figures for England and Wales of almost 8 per cent. Sunderland s Afro-Caribbean population was especially small by national standards. The Bangladeshi community accounted for 47 per cent of south Asians settled in the city. All these figures, however, are low in absolute terms, reflecting a lack of employment opportunities in north-east England since the 1960s. A smaller point is that the region is remote from the main modern points of entry to England, in contrast to the Irish and Baltic Sea links which made Sunderland more central to international traffic in the later-nineteenth century. The consequence of this changed perspective can be seen in the numbers identifying themselves as white British in 2001: in England and Wales overall, 87.5 per cent of the population; in Sunderland, 96.6 per cent.

Britain s Population Exceptionalism within the European Union

Britain s Population Exceptionalism within the European Union Britain s Population Exceptionalism within the European Union Introduction The United Kingdom s rate of population growth far exceeds that of most other European countries. This is particularly problematic

More information

PRESENT TRENDS IN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

PRESENT TRENDS IN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION PRESENT TRENDS IN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION Conrad Taeuber Associate Director, Bureau of the Census U.S. Department of Commerce Our population has recently crossed the 200 million mark, and we are currently

More information

Economic Activity in London

Economic Activity in London CIS2013-10 Economic Activity in London September 2013 copyright Greater London Authority September 2013 Published by Greater London Authority City Hall The Queens Walk London SE1 2AA www.london.gov.uk

More information

The proportion of the UK population aged under 16 dropped below the proportion over state pension age for the first time in (Table 1.

The proportion of the UK population aged under 16 dropped below the proportion over state pension age for the first time in (Table 1. Population In 2007, there were 6.0 million people resident in the UK, an increase of almost 400,000 (0.6 per cent) on 2006, equivalent to an average increase of around,000 people a day. (Table.) Chapter

More information

THE IMPACT OF CHAIN MIGRATION ON ENGLISH CITIES

THE IMPACT OF CHAIN MIGRATION ON ENGLISH CITIES Briefing Paper 9.13 www.migrationwatchuk.org THE IMPACT OF CHAIN MIGRATION ON ENGLISH CITIES Summary 1. Government proposals on chain migration have overlooked the most important factor - transcontinental

More information

How did immigration get out of control?

How did immigration get out of control? Briefing Paper 9.22 www.migrationwatchuk.org How did immigration get out of control? Summary 1 Government claims that the present very high levels of immigration to Britain are consistent with world trends

More information

MIGRATION REPORT NEWCASTLE

MIGRATION REPORT NEWCASTLE MIGRATION REPORT NEWCASTLE 2002-2009 December 2010 By John Horne Carol Burdis Kadhem Jallab CONTENTS Summary and Key Messages....... 1 1 Introduction.. 2 Section 2. Natural Change.... 3 3. Internal (Domestic)

More information

Irish Emigration Patterns and Citizens Abroad

Irish Emigration Patterns and Citizens Abroad Irish Emigration Patterns and Citizens Abroad A diaspora of 70 million 1. It is important to recall from the outset that the oft-quoted figure of 70 million does not purport to be the number of Irish emigrants,

More information

POLICY BRIEFING. Poverty in Suburbia: Smith Institute report

POLICY BRIEFING. Poverty in Suburbia: Smith Institute report Poverty in Suburbia: Smith Institute report Sheila Camp, LGIU Associate 8 May 2014 Summary The Smith Institute's recent report "Poverty in Suburbia" examines the growth of poverty in the suburbs of towns

More information

Isle of Wight 2011 census atlas. Section 2a. Population

Isle of Wight 2011 census atlas. Section 2a. Population Section 2a Total population 2011 census population by age group and sex On census day (27 March) the Island s total normally resident population was 138,265 persons. 70,841 were females 67,424 were males

More information

Standard Note: SN/SG/6077 Last updated: 25 April 2014 Author: Oliver Hawkins Section Social and General Statistics

Standard Note: SN/SG/6077 Last updated: 25 April 2014 Author: Oliver Hawkins Section Social and General Statistics Migration Statistics Standard Note: SN/SG/6077 Last updated: 25 April 2014 Author: Oliver Hawkins Section Social and General Statistics The number of people migrating to the UK has been greater than the

More information

Londoners born overseas, their age and year of arrival

Londoners born overseas, their age and year of arrival CIS201308 Londoners born overseas, their age and year of arrival September 2013 copyright Greater London Authority August 2013 Published by Greater London Authority City Hall The Queens Walk London SE1

More information

BRIEFING. Migrants in the UK: An Overview.

BRIEFING. Migrants in the UK: An Overview. BRIEFING Migrants in the UK: An Overview AUTHOR: DR CINZIA RIENZO DR CARLOS VARGAS-SILVA PUBLISHED: 21/02/2017 NEXT UPDATE: 21/02/2018 6th Revision www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk This briefing provides

More information

GLASGOW: TRANSFORMATION CITY DISCUSSION PAPER

GLASGOW: TRANSFORMATION CITY DISCUSSION PAPER GLASGOW: TRANSFORMATION CITY DISCUSSION PAPER Discussion Paper 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. This paper provides background information to one of a set of three seminars to be held in November and December 2006.

More information

An Experimental Analysis of Examinations and Detentions under Schedule 7 of the Terrorism Act 2000

An Experimental Analysis of Examinations and Detentions under Schedule 7 of the Terrorism Act 2000 Equality and Human Rights Commission Briefing paper 8 An Experimental Analysis of Examinations and Detentions under Schedule 7 of the Terrorism Act 2000 Karen Hurrell Equality and Human Rights Commission

More information

CENSUS ANALYSIS. St. BRENDAN s PARISH, FLEMINGTON 2011 Census Details

CENSUS ANALYSIS. St. BRENDAN s PARISH, FLEMINGTON 2011 Census Details CENSUS ANALYSIS The Pastoral Research Office of the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference, auspiced by the Australian Catholic University in Fitzroy, has in January released the 2011 census data for each

More information

THE IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION ON ENGLAND S HOUSING

THE IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION ON ENGLAND S HOUSING Briefing Paper 7.2 www.migrationwatchuk.org THE IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION ON ENGLAND S HOUSING Summary 1. Every few years the Government produces projections of the number of households in England which help

More information

A Socio-economic Profile of Ireland s Fishery Harbour Centres. Castletownbere

A Socio-economic Profile of Ireland s Fishery Harbour Centres. Castletownbere A Socio-economic Profile of Ireland s Fishery Harbour Centres Castletownbere A report commissioned by BIM Trutz Haase* and Feline Engling May 2013 *Trutz-Hasse Social & Economic Consultants www.trutzhasse.eu

More information

Population Table 1. Population of Estonia and change in population by census year

Population Table 1. Population of Estonia and change in population by census year Population 1881 2000 A country s population usually grows or diminishes due to the influence of two factors: rate of natural increase, which is the difference between births and deaths, and rate of mechanical

More information

reformscotland.com Taking Scotland out of the immigration target

reformscotland.com Taking Scotland out of the immigration target reformscotland.com Taking Scotland out of the immigration target FAST FACTS Scotland s General Fertility Rate in 2016 was lower than every other country and region of the UK. Over the next 25 years the

More information

Changing Primary Schools in England:

Changing Primary Schools in England: Briefing Paper 2.7 www.migrationwatchuk.org Changing Primary Schools in England: 1998-2010 Summary 1. This paper examines the impact that immigration, much of it from non English speaking countries, has

More information

ANALYSIS OF 2011 CENSUS DATA Irish Community Statistics, England and Selected Urban Areas

ANALYSIS OF 2011 CENSUS DATA Irish Community Statistics, England and Selected Urban Areas ANALYSIS OF 2011 CENSUS DATA Irish Community Statistics, England and Selected Urban Areas REPORT FOR NORTH EAST Louise Ryan, Alessio D Angelo, Michael Puniskis, Neil Kaye July 2014 Supported and funded

More information

Levels and trends in international migration

Levels and trends in international migration Levels and trends in international migration The number of international migrants worldwide has continued to grow rapidly over the past fifteen years reaching million in 1, up from million in 1, 191 million

More information

ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF FOREIGN WORKERS IN MALTA

ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF FOREIGN WORKERS IN MALTA ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF FOREIGN WORKERS IN MALTA Article published in the Quarterly Review 2016:1, pp. 39-44 BOX 3: ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF FOREIGN WORKERS IN MALTA 1 Between the late

More information

BRIEFING. Yorkshire and the Humber: Census Profile.

BRIEFING. Yorkshire and the Humber: Census Profile. BRIEFING Yorkshire and the Humber: Census Profile AUTHOR: ANNA KRAUSOVA DR CARLOS VARGAS-SILVA PUBLISHED: 12/06/2013 www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk This briefing summarises key statistics from the 2011

More information

People. Population size and growth

People. Population size and growth The social report monitors outcomes for the New Zealand population. This section provides background information on who those people are, and provides a context for the indicators that follow. People Population

More information

The Borough of Newham, in East London

The Borough of Newham, in East London CONTEXT:Newham The Borough of Newham, in East London At one time Newham in the East End of London was two separate council districts called East Ham and West Ham one of which still has a famous football

More information

Chapter 3 Employment problems in inner cities

Chapter 3 Employment problems in inner cities Chapter 3 Employment problems in inner cities The riots in Toxteth and Brixton in the summer of 1981 brought into sharp focus the plight of Britain's inner cities. Just what the problem is and how it can

More information

People. Population size and growth. Components of population change

People. Population size and growth. Components of population change The social report monitors outcomes for the New Zealand population. This section contains background information on the size and characteristics of the population to provide a context for the indicators

More information

STRENGTHENING RURAL CANADA: Fewer & Older: The Coming Demographic Crisis in Rural Ontario

STRENGTHENING RURAL CANADA: Fewer & Older: The Coming Demographic Crisis in Rural Ontario STRENGTHENING RURAL CANADA: Fewer & Older: The Coming Demographic Crisis in Rural Ontario An Executive Summary 1 This paper has been prepared for the Strengthening Rural Canada initiative by: Dr. Bakhtiar

More information

London Measured. A summary of key London socio-economic statistics. City Intelligence. September 2018

London Measured. A summary of key London socio-economic statistics. City Intelligence. September 2018 A summary of key socio-economic statistics September 2018 People 1. Population 1.1 Population Growth 1.2 Migration Flow 2. Diversity 2.1 Foreign-born ers 3. Social Issues 3.1 Poverty & Inequality 3.2 Life

More information

In small groups work together to create lists of places you can think of that have highest populations. What continents are these countries located

In small groups work together to create lists of places you can think of that have highest populations. What continents are these countries located In small groups work together to create lists of places you can think of that have highest populations. What continents are these countries located on? What about most populated cities? DO NOT USE A PHONE!!!!!

More information

KEYPOINT REVISION: MIGRATION & EMPIRE KEY POINTS FOR LEARNING

KEYPOINT REVISION: MIGRATION & EMPIRE KEY POINTS FOR LEARNING IRELAND: POVERTY AND MIGRATION KP1 Why did Irish Catholics suffer from poverty in 1830? Describe the living standards of small farmers and labourers in Ireland. What was the cause of the Irish famine of

More information

I. LEVELS AND TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT STOCK

I. LEVELS AND TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT STOCK I. LEVELS AND TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT STOCK A. INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT STOCK BY DEVELOPMENT GROUP The Population Division estimates that, worldwide, there were 214.2 million international migrants

More information

Overview The Dualistic System Urbanization Rural-Urban Migration Consequences of Urban-Rural Divide Conclusions

Overview The Dualistic System Urbanization Rural-Urban Migration Consequences of Urban-Rural Divide Conclusions Overview The Dualistic System Urbanization Rural-Urban Migration Consequences of Urban-Rural Divide Conclusions Even for a developing economy, difference between urban/rural society very pronounced Administrative

More information

The occupational structure and mobility of migrants in the Greek rural labour markets

The occupational structure and mobility of migrants in the Greek rural labour markets Working Group 17. Demographic issues of Rural Subpopulation: Fertility, Migration and Mortality The occupational structure and mobility of migrants in the Greek rural labour markets Introduction As Europe

More information

ASPECTS OF MIGRATION BETWEEN SCOTLAND AND THE REST OF GREAT BRITAIN

ASPECTS OF MIGRATION BETWEEN SCOTLAND AND THE REST OF GREAT BRITAIN 42 ASPECTS OF MIGRATION BETWEEN SCOTLAND AND THE REST OF GREAT BRITAIN 1966-71 The 1971 Census revealed 166,590 people* resident in England and Wales who had been resident in Scotland five years previously,

More information

SS 11: COUNTERPOINTS CH. 13: POPULATION: CANADA AND THE WORLD NOTES the UN declared the world s population had reached 6 billion.

SS 11: COUNTERPOINTS CH. 13: POPULATION: CANADA AND THE WORLD NOTES the UN declared the world s population had reached 6 billion. SS 11: COUNTERPOINTS CH. 13: POPULATION: CANADA AND THE WORLD NOTES 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1999 the UN declared the world s population had reached 6 billion. 2. Forecasters are sure that at least another billion

More information

Migrant population of the UK

Migrant population of the UK BRIEFING PAPER Number CBP8070, 3 August 2017 Migrant population of the UK By Vyara Apostolova & Oliver Hawkins Contents: 1. Who counts as a migrant? 2. Migrant population in the UK 3. Migrant population

More information

Changing Times, Changing Enrollments: How Recent Demographic Trends are Affecting Enrollments in Portland Public Schools

Changing Times, Changing Enrollments: How Recent Demographic Trends are Affecting Enrollments in Portland Public Schools Portland State University PDXScholar School District Enrollment Forecast Reports Population Research Center 7-1-2000 Changing Times, Changing Enrollments: How Recent Demographic Trends are Affecting Enrollments

More information

The likely scale of underemployment in the UK

The likely scale of underemployment in the UK Employment and Welfare: MW 446 Summary 1. The present record rates of employment are misleading because they take no account of the underemployed those who wish to work more hours but cannot find suitable

More information

Intergenerational mobility during South Africa s mineral revolution. Jeanne Cilliers 1 and Johan Fourie 2. RESEP Policy Brief

Intergenerational mobility during South Africa s mineral revolution. Jeanne Cilliers 1 and Johan Fourie 2. RESEP Policy Brief Department of Economics, University of Stellenbosch Intergenerational mobility during South Africa s mineral revolution Jeanne Cilliers 1 and Johan Fourie 2 RESEP Policy Brief APRIL 2 017 Funded by: For

More information

August 2010 Migration Statistics

August 2010 Migration Statistics WWW.IPPR.ORG August 2010 Migration Statistics ippr briefing 26 August 2010 ippr 2010 Institute for Public Policy Research Challenging ideas Changing policy 1 What do the latest migration statistics say?

More information

Antoine Paccoud Migrant trajectories in London - spreading wings or facing displacement?

Antoine Paccoud Migrant trajectories in London - spreading wings or facing displacement? Antoine Paccoud - spreading wings or facing displacement? Book section Original citation: Originally published in Paccoud, Antoine (2014) - spreading wings or facing displacement? In: Kochan, Ben, (ed.)

More information

A Socio economic Profile of Ireland s Fishing Communities. The FLAG South West Region including Castletownbere Harbour Centre

A Socio economic Profile of Ireland s Fishing Communities. The FLAG South West Region including Castletownbere Harbour Centre A Socio economic Profile of Ireland s Fishing Communities The FLAG South West Region including Castletownbere Harbour Centre Trutz Haase and Feline Engling May 2013 Table of Contents 1 Introduction...

More information

Chester County Immigration & Naturalization Maps

Chester County Immigration & Naturalization Maps Chester County Immigration & Naturalization Maps 1728-1989 The maps and charts that follow were created for the Chester County Historical Society s exhibit, Many Nations Chester County, on display in 2018.

More information

FUTURES NETWORK WEST MIDLANDS WORKING PAPER 1. Demographic Issues facing the West Midlands

FUTURES NETWORK WEST MIDLANDS WORKING PAPER 1. Demographic Issues facing the West Midlands FUTURES NETWORK WEST MIDLANDS WORKING PAPER 1 Demographic Issues facing the West Midlands February, 2014 1 Preface This paper has been prepared by members of the Futures Network West Midlands a group comprising

More information

Mapping migrants: Australians wide-ranging experiences of immigration

Mapping migrants: Australians wide-ranging experiences of immigration No. 13 December 2018 Mapping migrants: Australians wide-ranging experiences of immigration Charles Jacobs Mapping migrants: Australians wide-ranging experiences of immigration Charles Jacobs POLICY Paper

More information

A Socio economic Profile of Ireland s Fishing Communities. The FLAG West Region including Rossaveal Harbour Centre

A Socio economic Profile of Ireland s Fishing Communities. The FLAG West Region including Rossaveal Harbour Centre A Socio economic Profile of Ireland s Fishing Communities The FLAG West Region including Rossaveal Harbour Centre Trutz Haase and Feline Engling March 2013 Table of Contents 1 Introduction... 1 2 Background...

More information

The impact of immigration on population growth

The impact of immigration on population growth Briefing Paper 15.3 www.migrationwatchuk.com Summary 1. The impact of immigration on the size of the UK population is substantially greater than is generally realised. Between 2001 and 2012 inclusive,

More information

Gender. Total Male Female. Total years old years old

Gender. Total Male Female. Total years old years old C4I - COMMUNICATION FOR INTEGRATION DEMOGRAPHICS C4I CITIES PROFILES Possible sources of evidence for questions related to city demographics include municipal registers; local results from national censuses;

More information

Population Dynamics in the Greater Golden Horseshoe Millennials vs. Baby Boomers

Population Dynamics in the Greater Golden Horseshoe Millennials vs. Baby Boomers Population Dynamics in the Greater Golden Horseshoe Millennials vs. Baby Boomers November 19, 2015 Population Dynamics in the Greater Golden Horseshoe Millennials vs. Baby Boomers Campus Location The opinions

More information

CHAPTER 1 POST-WAR MIGRATION FROM CYPRUS TO BRITAIN

CHAPTER 1 POST-WAR MIGRATION FROM CYPRUS TO BRITAIN CHAPTER 1 POST-WAR MIGRATION FROM CYPRUS TO BRITAIN Sources There are several sources of statistical information concerning Cypriot migration to Britain during the post-war period. The chief of these is

More information

Government Briefing Note for Oireachtas Members on UK-EU Referendum

Government Briefing Note for Oireachtas Members on UK-EU Referendum Government Briefing Note for Oireachtas Members on UK-EU Referendum Summary The process of defining a new UK-EU relationship has entered a new phase following the decision of the EU Heads of State or Government

More information

thinking: BRIEFING 36 Travel to work patterns in Greater Manchester RELEASE DATE: August 2014

thinking: BRIEFING 36 Travel to work patterns in Greater Manchester RELEASE DATE: August 2014 thinking: BRIEFING 36 Travel to work patterns in Greater Manchester RELEASE DATE: August 2014 Please direct any questions or comments regarding this paper to: New Economy Tel: 0161 237 4409 E-mail: mike.doocey@neweconomymanchester.com

More information

Embargoed until 00:01 Thursday 20 December. The cost of electoral administration in Great Britain. Financial information surveys and

Embargoed until 00:01 Thursday 20 December. The cost of electoral administration in Great Britain. Financial information surveys and Embargoed until 00:01 Thursday 20 December The cost of electoral administration in Great Britain Financial information surveys 2009 10 and 2010 11 December 2012 Translations and other formats For information

More information

SPERI British Political Economy Brief No. 13. Conservative support in Northern England at the 2015 general election.

SPERI British Political Economy Brief No. 13. Conservative support in Northern England at the 2015 general election. SPERI British Political Economy Brief No. 1 Conservative support in Northern England at the 2015 general election. 1 In this Brief, the Sheffield Political Economy Research Institute (SPERI) considers

More information

poverty, exclusion and British people of Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin

poverty, exclusion and British people of Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin poverty, exclusion and British people of Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin Contents 5 introduction 9 poverty and social exclusion 14 the labour market 17 conclusion and next steps 3 Section one introduction

More information

1: Population* and urbanisation for want of more hands

1: Population* and urbanisation for want of more hands 1: Population* and urbanisation for want of more hands *Remember that the study of population is called Demographics By 1900 there were nearly five times as many people in Britain as there were in 1750.

More information

EUROBAROMETER 62 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

EUROBAROMETER 62 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Standard Eurobarometer European Commission EUROBAROMETER 6 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AUTUMN 004 Standard Eurobarometer 6 / Autumn 004 TNS Opinion & Social NATIONAL REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ROMANIA

More information

Fiscal Impacts of Immigration in 2013

Fiscal Impacts of Immigration in 2013 www.berl.co.nz Authors: Dr Ganesh Nana and Hugh Dixon All work is done, and services rendered at the request of, and for the purposes of the client only. Neither BERL nor any of its employees accepts any

More information

World Industrial Regions

World Industrial Regions World Industrial Regions North America Industrialized areas in North America Changing distribution of U.S. manufacturing Europe Western Europe Eastern Europe East Asia Manufacturing Regions Fig. 11-3:

More information

CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF CYPRIOT MIGRANTS

CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF CYPRIOT MIGRANTS CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF CYPRIOT MIGRANTS Sex Composition Evidence indicating the sex composition of Cypriot migration to Britain is available from 1951. Figures for 1951-54 are for the issue of 'affidavits

More information

Ethnic Diversity, Mixing and Segregation in England and Wales,

Ethnic Diversity, Mixing and Segregation in England and Wales, Ethnic Diversity, Mixing and Segregation in England and Wales, 1991-2011 Gemma Catney Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences Email g.catney@liverpool.ac.uk Twitter @gemmacatney

More information

SUMMARY. Migration. Integration in the labour market

SUMMARY. Migration. Integration in the labour market SUMMARY The purpose of this report is to compare the integration of immigrants in Norway with immigrants in the other Scandinavian countries and in Europe. The most important question was therefore: How

More information

HISTORY OF QUEBEC AND CANADA. Secondary 4. Based off of Reflections textbook by Chenelière

HISTORY OF QUEBEC AND CANADA. Secondary 4. Based off of Reflections textbook by Chenelière HISTORY OF QUEBEC AND CANADA Secondary 4 Based off of Reflections textbook by Chenelière GOOD MORNING! HERE S WHAT WE LL BE DOING TODAY Recap of the past few lessons (5 mins) Presentation of new material

More information

8AMBER WAVES VOLUME 2 ISSUE 3

8AMBER WAVES VOLUME 2 ISSUE 3 8AMBER WAVES VOLUME 2 ISSUE 3 F E A T U R E William Kandel, USDA/ERS ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE/USDA Rural s Employment and Residential Trends William Kandel wkandel@ers.usda.gov Constance Newman cnewman@ers.usda.gov

More information

Rural America At A Glance

Rural America At A Glance Rural America At A Glance 7 Edition Between July 5 and July 6, the population of nonmetro America grew.6 percent. Net domestic migration from metro areas accounted for nearly half of this growth. Gains

More information

Chapter 8 Ontario: Multiculturalism at Work

Chapter 8 Ontario: Multiculturalism at Work Chapter 8 Ontario: Multiculturalism at Work Ontario is Canada's largest province, home to almost 40 percent of its population (over 13 million people). It has been hit hard by by economic restructuring

More information

THE NATIONALITY BACKGROUND CF DETROIT AREA RESIDENTS*

THE NATIONALITY BACKGROUND CF DETROIT AREA RESIDENTS* #1203 THE NATIONALITY BACKGROUND CF DETROIT AREA RESIDENTS* by Harry Sharp, Director, and David Strota, Research Assistant Detroit Area Study Survey Research Center University of Michigan *This paper is

More information

8.1 Trends in Agency Assisted Employment: Galway 1

8.1 Trends in Agency Assisted Employment: Galway 1 8.1 Trends in Agency Assisted Employment: Galway 1 Summary In 2013 there were 23,655 assisted jobs in Galway, close to its highest level of the ten years 2004-2013. Galway has the highest percentage of

More information

STATISTICAL REFLECTIONS

STATISTICAL REFLECTIONS World Population Day, 11 July 217 STATISTICAL REFLECTIONS 18 July 217 Contents Introduction...1 World population trends...1 Rearrangement among continents...2 Change in the age structure, ageing world

More information

Worcestershire Migration Report

Worcestershire Migration Report This report examines the patterns of migration into and out of Worcestershire and the districts. Internal, Inter-Regional, Intra-Regional and International migration flows are all considered. Worcestershire

More information

This is the Test of English for Educational Purposes, Practice Test 3, Part 4, Listening.

This is the Test of English for Educational Purposes, Practice Test 3, Part 4, Listening. Transcript for TEEP Practice Test 3, Listening: MIGRATION This is the Test of English for Educational Purposes, Practice Test 3, Part 4, Listening. This section tests your ability to understand spoken

More information

Standing for office in 2017

Standing for office in 2017 Standing for office in 2017 Analysis of feedback from candidates standing for election to the Northern Ireland Assembly, Scottish council and UK Parliament November 2017 Other formats For information on

More information

Brexit and the Border: An Overview of Possible Outcomes

Brexit and the Border: An Overview of Possible Outcomes Brexit and the Border: An Overview of Possible Outcomes On the 23 June 2016 the UK as a whole voted to leave the EU. This was a simple in-out referendum, and so the specific details about what citizens

More information

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND THE UNITED KINGDOM REPORT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM SOPEMI CORRESPONDENT TO THE OECD, 2011

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND THE UNITED KINGDOM REPORT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM SOPEMI CORRESPONDENT TO THE OECD, 2011 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND THE UNITED KINGDOM REPORT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM SOPEMI CORRESPONDENT TO THE OECD, 2011 Prof. John Salt Migration Research Unit Department of Geography University College London

More information

Section 1: Demographic profile

Section 1: Demographic profile Section 1: Demographic profile Geography North East Lincolnshire is a small unitary authority covering an area of 192km 2. The majority of the resident population live in the towns of Grimsby and Cleethorpes

More information

Speech given by Mervyn King, Governor of the Bank of England. At Salts Mills, Bradford, Yorkshire 13 June 2005

Speech given by Mervyn King, Governor of the Bank of England. At Salts Mills, Bradford, Yorkshire 13 June 2005 1 Speech given by Mervyn King, Governor of the Bank of England At Salts Mills, Bradford, Yorkshire 13 June 2005 All speeches are available online at www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/pages/speeches/default.aspx

More information

Sustainable cities, human mobility and international migration

Sustainable cities, human mobility and international migration Sustainable cities, human mobility and international migration Report of the Secretary-General for the 51 st session of the Commission on Population and Development (E/CN.9/2018/2) Briefing for Member

More information

An Economic Impact Study of the North East Museums Sector. Final Report

An Economic Impact Study of the North East Museums Sector. Final Report An Economic Impact Study of the North East Museums Sector Final Report Final Report 1 Executive Summary 3 1 Introduction and Methodology 4 Introduction 4 Methodology 4 2 Regional Socio-Economic Impacts

More information

Population Outlook for the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Region

Population Outlook for the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Region Portland State University PDXScholar Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies Publications Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies 2007 Population Outlook for the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Region

More information

the Philadelphia region became more diverse and cosmopolitan as it was energized by immigrants

the Philadelphia region became more diverse and cosmopolitan as it was energized by immigrants The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia 1 Immigration in Philadelphia, 1870-1930 (Extract) By Barbara Klaczynska Source: The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/immigration-1870-1930/

More information

GROUP PRESENTATION. The Sunflowers. (Sarah-Jasmin Lübke, Kathrin Vogt, Meike Wiegand) The Other Britain

GROUP PRESENTATION. The Sunflowers. (Sarah-Jasmin Lübke, Kathrin Vogt, Meike Wiegand) The Other Britain GROUP PRESENTATION The Sunflowers (Sarah-Jasmin Lübke, Kathrin Vogt, Meike Wiegand) The Other Britain ABSTRACT England was the place where industrialization began but of course other countries were also

More information

19 : Uneven patterns of emigration among the Anglophone diaspora

19 : Uneven patterns of emigration among the Anglophone diaspora 19 : Uneven patterns of emigration among the Anglophone diaspora Daryl Lloyd Not surprisingly, when we compare the contemporary data from the five main Anglophone countries (plus the data from GB 1881),

More information

Time Series of Internal Migration in the United Kingdom by Age, Sex and Ethnic Group: Estimation and Analysis

Time Series of Internal Migration in the United Kingdom by Age, Sex and Ethnic Group: Estimation and Analysis School of Geography FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT Time Series of Internal Migration in the United Kingdom by Age, Sex and Ethnic Group: Estimation and Analysis Nik Lomax, Phil Rees and John Stillwell n.m.lomax@leeds.ac.uk

More information

ANNUAL SURVEY REPORT: BELARUS

ANNUAL SURVEY REPORT: BELARUS ANNUAL SURVEY REPORT: BELARUS 2 nd Wave (Spring 2017) OPEN Neighbourhood Communicating for a stronger partnership: connecting with citizens across the Eastern Neighbourhood June 2017 1/44 TABLE OF CONTENTS

More information

RECENT CHANGING PATTERNS OF MIGRATION AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF URBANIZATION IN WEST BENGAL: A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

RECENT CHANGING PATTERNS OF MIGRATION AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF URBANIZATION IN WEST BENGAL: A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 46 RECENT CHANGING PATTERNS OF MIGRATION AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF URBANIZATION IN WEST BENGAL: A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS Raju Sarkar, Research Scholar Population Research Centre, Institute for Social and Economic

More information

11. Demographic Transition in Rural China:

11. Demographic Transition in Rural China: 11. Demographic Transition in Rural China: A field survey of five provinces Funing Zhong and Jing Xiang Introduction Rural urban migration and labour mobility are major drivers of China s recent economic

More information

Community profile for Fermanagh & Omagh Local Government District

Community profile for Fermanagh & Omagh Local Government District Community profile for Fermanagh & Omagh Local Government District Minority Ethnic Demographics: Community Profiles for Local Government Districts NISMP 2014 1 Minority Ethnic Demographics: Community Profile

More information

Home Building Workforce Census 2017

Home Building Workforce Census 2017 Home Building Workforce Census 2017 Contents 1. Acknowledgements Page 3 2. Background Page 4 3. Introduction to the Census Page 5 4. Understanding the workforce Page 6 - Workforce overview Page 7 - Workforce

More information

Unit 1 Population dynamics

Unit 1 Population dynamics Unit 1 Population dynamics Dynamics continually changing Population is the centre around which human geography revolves. Because populations change constantly over time it is necessary for geographers

More information

STRENGTHENING RURAL CANADA: Fewer & Older: Population and Demographic Crossroads in Rural Saskatchewan. An Executive Summary

STRENGTHENING RURAL CANADA: Fewer & Older: Population and Demographic Crossroads in Rural Saskatchewan. An Executive Summary STRENGTHENING RURAL CANADA: Fewer & Older: Population and Demographic Crossroads in Rural Saskatchewan An Executive Summary This paper has been prepared for the Strengthening Rural Canada initiative by:

More information

Latino Workers in the Ongoing Recession: 2007 to 2008

Latino Workers in the Ongoing Recession: 2007 to 2008 Report December 15, 2008 Latino Workers in the Ongoing Recession: 2007 to 2008 Rakesh Kochhar Associate Director for Research, Pew Hispanic Center The Pew Hispanic Center is a nonpartisan research organization

More information

Equality Awareness in Northern Ireland: General Public

Equality Awareness in Northern Ireland: General Public Equality Awareness in Northern Ireland: General Public Equality Awareness Survey General Public 2016 Table of Contents 1. Introduction... 1 2. Social Attitudes and Perceptions of Equality... 11 3. Perception

More information

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymwwrgv_aie Demographics Demography is the scientific study of population. Demographers look statistically as to how people are distributed spatially by age, gender, occupation,

More information

Human Resources. There are 500 children in my How many. My village has 1,000 people. school. people do you think, there are in the whole world?

Human Resources. There are 500 children in my How many. My village has 1,000 people. school. people do you think, there are in the whole world? Human Resources Do you know? The Government of India has a Ministry of Human Resource Development. The Ministry was created in 1985 with an aim to improve people s skills. This just shows how important

More information

Census 2011 What does this mean for Birmingham?

Census 2011 What does this mean for Birmingham? Census 2011 What does this mean for Birmingham? Corporate Strategy Team Birmingham City Council Jan 2014 1/24 1 Introduction Data is based on Census 2011 statistics released as of September 2013; with

More information

December 2011 OVERVIEW. total population. was the. structure and Major urban. the top past 15 that the. Census Economic Regions 1, 2,3 4, 5, 7, 10 6

December 2011 OVERVIEW. total population. was the. structure and Major urban. the top past 15 that the. Census Economic Regions 1, 2,3 4, 5, 7, 10 6 December 2011 RECENT DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN ALBERTA S ECONOMIC REGIONS INTRODUCTION s population has expanded significantly over the past few decades. Since 1980, s total population has grown from about

More information

HIGHLIGHTS. There is a clear trend in the OECD area towards. which is reflected in the economic and innovative performance of certain OECD countries.

HIGHLIGHTS. There is a clear trend in the OECD area towards. which is reflected in the economic and innovative performance of certain OECD countries. HIGHLIGHTS The ability to create, distribute and exploit knowledge is increasingly central to competitive advantage, wealth creation and better standards of living. The STI Scoreboard 2001 presents the

More information