DIRECTIONS: CLICK ON THE LINKS BELOW TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. Website 1:

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1 DIRECTIONS: CLICK ON THE LINKS BELOW TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. Website 1: COLD WAR 1. The Cold War was a long period of between the of the Western World and the countries of Eastern Europe. The west was led by the and Eastern Europe was led by the. These two countries became known as superpowers. Although the two never officially declared war on each other, they fought indirectly in wars, the race, and the race. Time Period ( ) 2. The Cold War began not too long after II ended in Although, the Soviet Union was an important member of the Powers, there was great distrust between the Soviet Union and the rest of the Allies. The Allies were concerned with the brutal leadership of as well as the spread of. The Cold War came to an end with the of the Soviet Union in 1991.

2 Proxy Wars 3. The Cold War was often fought between the of the United States and the Soviet Union in something called a war. These were wars fought between other countries, but with each side getting support from a different superpower. Examples of proxy wars include the War, the War, the Yom Kippur War, and the Soviet Afghanistan War. Arms Race and Space Race 4. The United States and the Soviet Union also tried to fight the Cold War by demonstrating their power and. One example of this was the Arms Race where each side tried to have the best and the most. The idea was that a large stockpile of weapons would deter the other side from ever attacking. Another example was the Space Race, where each side tried to show that it had the better scientists and technology by accomplishing certain missions first.

3 Website 2: COMMUNISM 5. Communism is a type of and philosophy. Its goal is to form a society where everything is shared equally. All people are treated equally and there is little private ownership. In a communist government, the government and most everything including property, means of production, education, transportation, and agriculture. Communism in Russia 6. Communism began in Russia with the rise of the Party led by Vladimir. They led the 1917 October Revolution that overthrew the current government and took power. Lenin was a follower of Marxist Vladimir Lenin philosophies. His views on government became known as Marxism- Leninism. Russia became known as the. In World War II Russia sided with the Allied Powers in order to help defeat Germany and Adolf Hitler. However, after the war the Soviet Union took of several countries in Eastern Europe. They became known as the. The Soviet Union became one of the world's two along with the United States. For many years they fought the west in what is today called the.

4 Actual Results 7. The actual results of communist governments have been nothing like the theories of Marxism. The low class people that were supposed to be helped by Marxism, were treated by the leaders of the government. For example, it is estimated that Soviet Union leader had over 40 million people murdered for the "good of the state". Stalin created for anyone who disagreed with the government. He even created in order to break the will of the people and gain total control. Communist states generally have much less. They prevent the practice of, order certain people to work certain jobs, and prevent people from moving around or moving to other countries. People lose all rights to and government officials become incredibly powerful. Joseph Stalin

5 Website 3: ARMS RACE 8. During the Cold War the United States and the Soviet Union became engaged in a arms race. They both spent billions and billions of dollars trying to build up huge stockpiles of nuclear weapons. Near the end of the Cold War the Soviet Union was spending around 27% of its total gross national product on the military. This was crippling to their economy and helped to bring an end to the Cold War. The Nuclear Bomb 9. The United States was the first to develop the nuclear weapons through the during World War II. The US ended the war with Japan by dropping nuclear bombs on the cities of and. Nuclear bombs are extremely powerful weapons that can destroy an entire city and kill tens of thousands of people. The only time nuclear weapons have been used in war was at the end of World War II against. The Cold War was predicated on the fact that neither side wanted to engage in a nuclear war that could destroy much of the civilized world.

6 Website 4: SPACE RACE 10. During the Cold War the United States and the Soviet Union engaged a competition to see who had the best in. This included such events as who could put the first manned spacecraft into orbit and who would be the first to walk on the. The Space Race was considered important because it showed the world which country had the best,, and system. Website 5: BERLIN WALL 11. The Berlin Wall was built by the government of East Berlin The wall East Berlin and West Berlin. It was built in order to people from fleeing East Berlin. In many ways it was the perfect symbol of the " that separated the western countries and the countries of Eastern Europe throughout the Cold War.

7 How it All Started 12. After World War II the country of ended up dividing into two separate countries. Germany became a communist country under the control of the. At the same time Germany was a country and allied with Britain, France, and the United States. The initial plan was that the country would eventually be, but this didn't happen for a long time. BERLIN Germany after WW2

8 The City of Berlin 13. was the capital of Germany. Even though it was located in the eastern half of the country, the city was controlled by all four major powers; the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, and France. Defections 14. As people in East Germany began to realize that they did not want to live under the rule of the Soviet Union and, they started to the eastern part of the country and to the west. These people were called. Over time more and more people left. The Soviet and East German leaders began to worry that they were too many people. Over the course of the years 1949 to 1959, over 2 million people the country. In 1960 alone, around 230,000 people defected. Although the East Germans tried to people from leaving, it was fairly easy for people to leave in the city of Berlin because the inside of the city was by all four major powers.

9 Building the Wall 15. Finally, the Soviets and the East German leaders had had enough. On August 12th and 13th of 1961 they built a around to prevent people from. At first the wall was just a barbed wire fence. Later it would be rebuilt with concrete blocks 12 feet high and four feet wide.

10 The Wall is Torn Down 16. In 1987 President Ronald Reagan gave a speech in Berlin where he asked the leader of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, to "!" Around that time the Soviet Union was beginning to. They were losing their hold on East Germany. A few years later on November 9, 1989 the announcement was made. The borders were open and people could move between Eastern and Western Germany. Much of the wall was torn down by chipping away as they celebrated the end to a Germany. On October 3, 1990 Germany was officially into a single country.

11 Interesting Facts about the Berlin Wall 17. The Eastern Germany government called the wall the Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart. The Western Germans often referred to it as the Wall of. 18. Around 20% of the East German population the country in the years leading up to the building of the wall. 19. The country of East Germany was officially called the German Republic or GDR. 20. There were also many towers along the wall. Guards were ordered to anyone attempting to. 21. It is estimated that around 5000 people over or through the wall during the 28 years it stood. Around 200 were trying to escape.

12 Website 6: COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION 22. The of the Soviet Union started in the late 1980s and was complete when the country broke up into 15 states on December 25, This signaled the of the Cold War between the and the. Mikhail Gorbachev Becomes General Secretary 23. Mikhail Gorbachev was elected General Secretary of the Soviet Union in When he took over the Soviet Union economy was in shape and his idea was to the economy and modernize the political situation in the country.

13 Glasnost and Perestroika 24. There were two main platforms of Gorbachev's reform. The first he called Glasnost. Glasnost allowed more of and openness in government. Government officials would be held accountable to the people for their actions. Although Glasnost was a good thing for the people, it also allowed people to protest and the media to report on issues for the first time. Many of the outlying states used this new found freedom to express their desire for. The other major reform was called Perestroika. Perestroika meant " ". Gorbachev meant to restructure the Soviet to work more efficiently. He allowed some private and released some of the tight control the government had on the economy. However, the people and economy of the Soviet Union were used to the government doing everything. Things got before they got.

14 Baltic Region 25. With the new found freedom of Gorbachev's reforms, some outlying Soviet states began to. The first states to demand their freedom were the Baltic states of Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia. Nationalist Movement Spreads 26. Soon more states wanted their including Armenia, Moldova, Ukraine, and Georgia. The central government of the Soviet Union began to feel the pressure of so many states wanting independence. Attempted Takeover of the Government 27. With the communist government on the verge of collapse, Soviet hardliners decided to take action. In August of 1991 they kidnapped Gorbachev and announced to the world that he was too sick to govern. They would be taking over. When the Soviet citizens began to protest, the hardliners called in the military to shut them down. However, the soldiers to shoot and arrest their own people. Without the military to back them up, the takeover had.

15 The Soviet Union Breaks Up 28. On December 24, 1991 the Soviet Union was. At the same time Mikhail Gorbachev announced his resignation. The Soviet Union divided up into separate independent including: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.