The Russian Revolution(s)
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1 The Russian Revolution(s)
2 Pre-Revolutionary Russia Only true autocracy left in Europe No type of representative political institutions, but did have instruments of oppression (secret police)
3 Russian Krestyanin (Peasant)
4 Broom Factory
5 Russian Steel Workers
6 The Revolution of 1905 A discontented working class Vast majority of workers concentrated in St. Petersburg and Moscow The countryside: poor peasants No individual land ownership
7 Bloody Sunday Jan
8 Putilov Machine Works
9 General Strike, by Oct 17
10 Nicholas II Opens the Duma
11 11
12 Conservatism Continues:
13 Alexis: Crown Prince with Hemophilia
14 Rasputin: Very Popular Among Russian Noblewomen Hated by everyone else 14
15 World War I Poorly supplied troops Chaos and Disintegration of the Russian Army --Battle of Tannenberg (August, 1914) Mass mutinies and desertions
16 World War I: The Last Straw War revealed the ineptitude and arrogance of the country s aristocratic elite Corrupt military leadership and contempt for ordinary Russian people Average peasant had very little invested in the war
17 The Collapse of the Imperial Government Nicholas leaves for the Front September, 1915 Alexandra and Rasputin throw the government into chaos Alexandra and other high government officials accused of treason
18 The Collapse of the Imperial Government Rasputin assassinated in December of 1916
19 The Two Revolutions of 1917 The March Revolution (March 12) The November Revolution (November 6)
20 Alexander Kerensky
21 Kerensky as Prime Minister
22 The March (February) Revolution Origins: Food riots and strikes Tsar abdicated on March 17 th Duma declared itself a Provisional Government on March12th Very Popular Revolution The Petrograd Soviet --Order #1
23 Nicholas II at Tsarskoye Tseloe
24 February (March) 1917
25 Soviet Political Ideology More radical and revolutionary than the Provisional Government Most influenced by Marxist socialism Two Factions -- Mensheviks -- Bolsheviks
26 Founder of Bolshevism: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin His Early Years --Exiled to Siberia in 1897 Committed to Class Struggle and Revolution Moved to London in 1902 and befriended Leon Trotsky Brought back by the Germans
27 Vacuum of Leadership in Russia Petrograd Soviet dominated by Mensheviks Failure of the Provisional Government Workers refusing to work and soldiers refusing to fight Peasants expropriating the land outright Power was literally lying in the streets of Petrograd
28 Petrograd Demonstration
29 Petrograd, February Revolt of the Pavlovsky Guards Regiment
30 The Provisional Government Main Parties: Kadets (Liberals) Octobrists (progressive aristocrats) Progressivists (industrialists and capitalists)
31 Bolsheviks Storming the Winter Palace
32 Lenin Steps into This Vacuum Amnesty granted to all political prisoners in March of 1917 Lenin s arrival in Petrograd A tremendously charismatic personality Peace, Land, Bread All Power to the Soviets Bolshevik party membership exploded Consolidation of Bolshevik power
33 The November (October) Revolution Council of People s Commissars All private property of wealthy was abolished and divided among the peasantry Largest industrial enterprises nationalized
34 Leon Trotsky
35 November (October) Revolution Political Police organized: CHEKA Revolutionary army created with Trotsky in charge -- Red Army Bolshevik Party renamed Communist Party in March of 1918 The Treaty of Brest- Litovsk negotiated with the Germans Humiliating
36 November (October) Revolution Humiliating Treaty would be nullified since all of the west was on the verge of revolution Civil War fought between Reds versus Whites Complete breakdown of Russian economy and society
37 Red Guards
38 Trotsky as Commissar of War
39 39
40 Reds and Whites
41 Felix Dzerzhinsky Head of the Cheka
42 Red Terror Summer 1918
43 Did you volunteer for the Red Army?
44 White Recruitment Poster
45 White Troops and Their Red Opponents
46 Foreign Intervention
47 US Soldiers, Murmansk
48 Royal Family with Cossack Guards 48
49 Devastation of War Ukraine
50 Misery 50
51 Famine of
52 Stages of the Russian Civil War Nov Nov Rising Tensions, Conflict, End of WWI Nov Nov Peak of White Fortunes in South Nov July 1921 Red Victory by 1920, Death of Enver Pasha 1921 Rebellions against the Soviets by peasants, workers, and soldiers suppressed
53 Young Revolutionaries Eventually Victorious 53
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